Pokhala ndi odziwa zambiri pazantchito zamafakitale, nthawi zonse timafunafuna njira zabwino zothetsera mavuto athu. Kutengera luso la kasitomala, tidayenera kusankha imodzi kapena ina ya hardware ndi mapulogalamu. Ndipo ngati panalibe zofunikira zokhazikika pakuyika zida za Nokia molumikizana ndi TIA-portal, ndiye, monga lamulo, chisankhocho chinagwera pa MasterSCADA 3.XX. Komabe, palibe chomwe chimakhala kwamuyaya pansi pa dzuwa ...
Za zomwe ndidakumana nazo posinthira ku MasterSCADA 4D, zofunikila, mawonekedwe a ntchito yake pamakompyuta ophatikizidwa a zomangamanga za ARM pansi pa kudula kwa nkhaniyi.
Zofunikira
Tinayamba kuyesa chitukuko chatsopano kuchokera ku Insat - MasterSCADA 4D - osati kale kwambiri. Panali zofunikira zingapo za izi. Choyamba, tidachita kafukufuku wodziyimira pawokha pakati pa akatswiri pazantchito zamafakitale kuti tipeze makina a SCADA omwe ali otchuka kwambiri (Chithunzi 1). Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufukuyu, dongosolo la MasterSCADA limatenga malo oyamba pakati pa machitidwe apakhomo.
Chithunzi 1 - Zotsatira za kafukufuku wamakina otchuka kwambiri a SCADA (chithunzi chojambulidwa)
Chofunikira chachiwiri chikhoza kuganiziridwa ...
Tsopano tiyeni tisunthire ku MasterSCADA 4D yokha. Zili ndi mapulogalamu awiri a mapulogalamu, omwe ndi: malo otukuka komanso malo othamanga. Tikambirana momwe gawo lililonse la izi limagwirira ntchito pansipa.
Chitukuko chilengedwe
Pulojekitiyi imapangidwa m'malo otukuka a MasterSCADA 4D; kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupeza mtundu waulere patsamba la Insat ndikuyiyika motsatira zomwe zafunsidwa.
Chithunzi 2 - Chitukuko chilengedwe mawonekedwe (chithunzi chodina)
Chinthu choyamba chomwe chimakukhudzani ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa a malo otukuka komanso mawonekedwe osavuta a polojekitiyo. Tsopano mu pulojekiti imodzi mungathe kupanga pulogalamu osati malo ogwirira ntchito okha, komanso malo onse, kuyambira ndi woyang'anira ndi kutsiriza ndi seva kapena ntchito ya opareshoni.
Chitukuko chimagwira ntchito pa Windows OS yokha, yomwe imakhala yodziwika bwino komanso yolekerera, koma malo othamanga (RunTime) adatidabwitsa kwambiri ndi kuthekera kwake kophatikizana ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito ndi ma processor architectures, koma zambiri pambuyo pake.
Ndinasangalalanso ndi laibulale yaikulu ya zinthu zowonera. Akatswiri ochokera m'magawo osiyanasiyana azitha kudzipezera okha zinthu zowonera popanda kujambula kapena kusaka zithunzi pa intaneti.
Chithunzi 3 - Zinthu zowonera (chithunzi chodina)
Ma protocol a kulumikizana
Dongosololi limathandizira madalaivala osiyanasiyana (ma protocol osinthanitsa), omwe amaphatikizidwa mu MasterSCADA 4D mwachisawawa:
- Modbus TCP/RTU, RTU pa TCP
- Mtengo wa DCON
- OPC UA/DA/HDA
- IEC61850
- SNMP
- PostgreSQL
- MQTT
- IEC104
- MSQL
- MySQL
- Mercury (laibulale yosiyana), etc.
Malo othamanga
Malo ogwiritsira ntchito amatha kukhazikitsidwa pamakina osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito ndi zomangamanga zamakompyuta; mutha kuyendetsanso RunTime pamakina am'deralo; imayikidwa pamodzi ndi malo otukuka ndipo imatha kwa ola limodzi (kapena ma tag 32) popanda zoletsa.
AndexGate chipangizo
MasterSCADA Runtime imayikidwiratu ngati njira yosiyana pa PC yophatikizidwa ya AntexGate yokhala ndi ma processor a ARM ndi makina opangira a Debian; tidzayesa pa chipangizochi.
Chithunzi 4 - Chipangizo cha AndexGate
Zomwe zimagulitsidwa:
- CPU: 4-core x64 ARM v8 Cortex-A53
- 1.2Mhz RAM: LPDDR2 1024MB
- Kukumbukira kosasunthika: 8/16/32GB eMMC
Mukhoza kuwerenga zambiri za chipangizochi .
Tiyeni tiyendetse pulogalamuyi mu chipangizo chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, tidapanga mavoti ndi kuwongolera zida pogwiritsa ntchito protocol ya Modbus RTU; njira yokhazikitsira voti ndiyosavuta komanso yofanana ndi kukhazikitsa seva yodziwika bwino ya OPC. Zowona, tsopano RunTime ili ndi madalaivala opangira ma protocol osinthira ma data.
Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni tipange pulojekiti yosavuta yowongolera mapampu atatu ndi ma valve awiri kuti apange njira yopangira zinthu. M'malo otukuka zikuwoneka ngati izi, monga momwe zilili Chithunzi 5.
Chithunzi 5 - Pulojekiti mdera lachitukuko (chithunzi chodina)
Zotsatira zake, tapeza chithunzi chosavuta chamnemonic (Chithunzi 6) chomwe chimagwira ntchito mu msakatuli uliwonse womwe umathandizira HTML5.
Chithunzi 6 - Chithunzi chamnemonic (makanema a GIF amaduliridwa)
Zosankha Zowonetsera Zambiri za HMI
Ndizotheka kulumikizana ndi malo ochitirako ntchito kudzera pa WEB; izi sizikutilepheretsa kusankha kasitomala kuti awonere zomwe zili pazithunzi za mnemonic.
Kwa ife, chipangizochi chimapereka chidziwitso kudzera pa HDMI, Ethernet, 3G.
Tikalumikiza kudzera pa HDMI, timafikira LocalHost 127.0 0.1:8043 kudzera msakatuli womangidwa mu AntexGate, kapena kulumikiza ku IP yokhazikika: adilesi ya 8043 pa intaneti kapena maukonde akomweko abizinesi ndi "Client Wopanda" wina.
Chithunzi 7 - Kuwunika kwa WEB (chithunzi chodina)
Nkhani yochititsa chidwi inali protocol ya MQTT yomwe inali kuyembekezera kwa nthawi yayitali, yomwe nthawi zambiri sinali yokwanira kuyang'anira zinthu zakutali mu machitidwe a SCADA.
Masiku ano, aliyense ali ndi mwayi wopeza seva yotsika mtengo ya VDS pa intaneti yokhala ndi adilesi yokhazikika ya IP (mwachitsanzo, seva yawebusayiti ya kampani) ndikuyika MQTT Broker (mwachitsanzo, Mosquito) pamenepo.
Popeza talandira seva imodzi ndi MQTT broker, titha kuchotsa mosavuta ntchito zodula - IP yokhazikika ndikulipira ma ruble 900 pachaka m'malo mwa ma ruble 4000 pazolumikizana za 3G.
Chithunzi 8 - Kuwunika kwa MQTT (chithunzi chojambulidwa)
Kumanga maukonde otere sikudzangopulumutsa pa magalimoto, komanso kudzateteza deta, popeza kutumiza deta kudzera pa Modbus TCP protocol pa intaneti sikutsimikizira chitetezo ndi khalidwe la kulankhulana.
Chifukwa chake, mutha kugulitsa mapulojekiti osinthika momwe kasitomala amasankha yekha wopereka intaneti. Ndipo palibe amene ali ndi mutu ndi kukhazikitsa ndi kugawa maadiresi a IP: kasitomala amaika SIM khadi yekha kapena amalumikizana ndi rauta ndi seva ya DHCP.
Kachitidwe
Kwa polojekitiyi, chinthu chachikulu ndi liwiro, zomwe zimatchedwa "Ntchito" zidzatithandiza pa izi. Mwachikhazikitso, node iliyonse imakhala ndi imodzi yokha ikapangidwa - Ntchito Yaikulu. Wopanga pulojekiti amatha kupanga ambiri mwazofunikira kuti agwire ntchito inayake. Makhalidwe a mawerengedwe, mwachitsanzo, mawerengedwe a mawerengedwe, zidzadalira makonzedwe a ntchito inayake. Aliyense wa iwo adzagwira ntchito mopanda ena mu chipangizocho. Kupanga ntchito zingapo ndikofunikira ngati kuli kofunikira kuti mupereke mawerengedwe osiyanasiyana a mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana.
Izi ndizosangalatsa kwambiri pazida zomwe zili ndi purosesa yokhala ndi ma cores angapo. "Ntchito" iliyonse imayambitsidwa ngati njira yosiyana mu dongosolo ndipo katunduyo amagawidwa mofanana pa purosesa. Chipangizo cha AntexGate chili ndi purosesa ya ARM yokhala ndi 4 cores ya 1.2 GHz ndi 1 GB ya RAM, yomwe imakulolani kuti mupange ntchito zazikulu za 4 ndikugawa katundu pazitsulo. Poyerekeza ndi PLC, AntexGate ikhoza kupereka mphamvu zosachepera 4 pamtengo womwewo.
Chithunzi 9 - Kuyika luso la makompyuta la AntexGate mu nthawi yothamanga (chithunzi chojambulidwa)
Monga tikuonera pa Chithunzi 9, kuchuluka kwa CPU sikuposa 2,5%, ndipo 61MB yokha ya kukumbukira ndiyomwe yaperekedwa. Choncho, ntchito yaing'ono yothamanga imagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zochepa zomangidwa.
Chipangizochi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito osati monga wolamulira, komanso ngati seva yodzaza ndi mavoti oposa 2000 I / O mfundo ndi kuthekera kuthandizira oposa 100 WEB makasitomala.
Mwachitsanzo, tiyeni tilumikize makasitomala 9 a WEB ku chipangizochi ndikuwona kupita patsogolo kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu (Chithunzi 10).
Chithunzi 10 - Kuyika mphamvu zamakompyuta za AntexGate polumikiza makasitomala 9 a WEB (chithunzi chodina)
Monga mukuwonera pachithunzi pamwambapa, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa CPU kwakwera kuchokera pa avareji ya 2,5% mpaka 6%, ndipo kukumbukira 3MB kokha kwaperekedwa.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwazinthu zamakompyuta za chipangizocho, wopangayo sayenera kunyalanyaza mtundu wa pulogalamu yomwe idapangidwa mu MasterSCADA 4D.
Mtanda-nsanja
Ndikufunanso kuzindikira mawonekedwe amtundu wa SCADA omwe akuganiziridwa, omwe amapatsa ophatikiza kusankha kwakukulu kwa nsanja kuti akwaniritse ntchito zawo. Chifukwa cha njirayi, kusintha pakati pa machitidwe opangira opaleshoni kapena zomangamanga za PC ndizosavuta.
Pomaliza
MasterSCADA 4D ndi chinthu chatsopano kuchokera ku Insat. Masiku ano palibe zambiri zokhudza kugwira ntchito ndi pulogalamuyi monga momwe timafunira. Komabe, mutha kutsitsa malo otukuka aulere patsamba lovomerezeka la kampaniyo; ili ndi chithandizo chatsatanetsatane chogwira ntchito ndi pulogalamuyi.
Chithunzi 11 - Zenera lothandizira (chithunzi chodina)
Pomaliza, ndikufuna kunena kuti nkhaniyi ili ndi chidziwitso choyambira cha pulogalamu ya MasterSCADA 4D ndipo sichinena zambiri. Komabe, ndi chithandizo chanu, tidzatulutsa zitsanzo zatsatanetsatane ndi maphunziro ogwiritsira ntchito pulogalamuyi.
Ndikufuna kuwona mu ndemanga zomwe zimakusangalatsani kwambiri. Ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, tisintha mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi kukhala phunziro la kupanga ma projekiti mu MasterSCADA 4D.
Source: www.habr.com