Nyumba yosindikizira "Library of the Proletarian".
M’bukuli, mlembiyo atiuza za tsogolo lovuta la ogwira ntchito m’gulu lachitukuko.
Pa ogwira ntchito aulemu ndi chitukuko cha maubwenzi aumwini pamaso pa kutaya kukumbukira.
Ndikupangira. /*Wotsutsa*/
Zonse sizichitika mwangozi.
C ++ ali ndi umunthu wovuta chifukwa cha ubwana wovuta. Iye anakulira mu 80s njala, ndipo amakumbukira kangati panalibe malo okwanira ngakhale zizindikiro. Izi zidamukwiyitsa ndipo zidapangitsa kuti mawu ake akhale olimba. Nthawi zambiri ataledzera, ankakonda kuponya zipolopolo, kuthyola mawindo, ndi kuwombera anthu odutsa m'miyendo. Panalibe woti akambirane naye, chifukwa agogo ake aamuna olemekezeka a K&R C, adachita mantha kwambiri ku Vietnam ndipo nthawi zambiri ankachita nawo zosangalatsa za mdzukulu wake.
C ++ sakumbukiranso bambo ake, kungoti dzina lawo linali "C with Classes" komanso kuti anamwalira chifukwa chakumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso. Agogo analankhula mosasangalala za mwana wawo mmodzi yekhayo. Anayankha mafunso a mdzukulu wake monyinyirika: "Mwatola, mukudziwa, makalasi ena ... Ndipo muliponso ... Ndikukumbukira nthawi yanga 615 bytes kwa atatu ... "Za amayi. , ngakhale zochepa zinkadziwika, ngakhale ena adanena kuti pa mimba ya ngwazi yathu osati popanda Simula wina.
Ngakhale amanyozetsa mwana wawo wamwamuna komanso mdzukulu wake chifukwa chokonda makalasi, agogo aamuna a Xi adakhazikika pazikwangwani kwa nthawi yayitali. Anachitcha kuti "masamu a pointer" ndipo adanena kuti zonsezo zinali mbali ya filosofi yake, zomwe zimamulola kukhala pafupi ndi chikhalidwe cha zinthu zomwe zili padziko lapansi. Sanawonekere pagulu posachedwa. Ena amati nkhalambayo anamwalira kalekale, koma ayi, ayi, ndipo m’malo ena zizindikiro zake zinkaoneka usiku. Pali nyali yosweka, pali wodutsa m'mwendo wowomberedwa, pali buffer kusefukira ...
Koma ndinawona amalume anga a Classical C, ndi msuweni wanga C-99..11, C++ kawirikawiri. Banja lonse lonse silinakondane. Koma kugwira ntchito ndi kukhalira limodzi kunawakakamiza kukhalabe mkati mwa mgwirizano wa API. M’bale Xi ndi bambo ake anaumirira kuti iwo ndi amene anali othamanga kwambiri kuwombera pamapazi a anthu odutsa, mosiyana ndi okonda makalasi osiyanasiyana. C++ sanagwirizane nazo. Koma ngakhale ananena kuti sanali wowombera woipitsitsa, mumtima mwake ankamvetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga OOP sikunapite pachabe. Nthawi zonse ankangokhalira kukhumudwa ndi inferiority complex. Kuti achotse, adayamba kuchita nawo zowerengera. Nthawi zina, asanakhazikitsenso mfuti, C ++ amatha kuchepetsa, ndiyeno ena onse a m'banjamo amayang'anana mwachifundo, ndiyeno akuseka kumbuyo kwake.
Achibale ake sankadziwa kuti C ++ angapite patsogolo kuposa bambo ake omwalira. Kuphatikiza pa OOP, adachita chidwi ndi Templates. Atatha kugwiritsa ntchito Templates kwa nthawi yayitali, adazindikira kuti mpikisano uliwonse wowombera ukhoza kupambana powombera woweruza mwendo asanayambe. C ++ adadziwika kuti ndi ngwazi ya metaprogramming ndipo sanaloledwenso kupikisana. Koma zimenezo sizinamuletse. Anatsanulira m'magulu okambitsirana a aluntha ndi anthanthi zakomweko ndipo adafuna kudzizindikiritsa ngati PL wogwira ntchito. Hasclell ndi Lisp adathawa chifukwa cha mantha ndi chigawenga chomwe chili ndi zolozera komanso kulemba mosasunthika. Koma panalibe kopita, simungatsutse kwenikweni ndi munthu yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito OOP yosakanikirana ndi Ma Templates ndipo amakonda kuwombera miyendo. Umu ndi momwe ngwazi yathu idakhalira paradigm yambiri.
Koma C ++ sanakhale ndi nthawi yayitali kuti akhale pamwamba pa mbiri ya wowombera bwino kwambiri mumzindawu. Patapita nthawi, PLO inasiya kukhala chinthu chonyozeka, ndipo kung'ung'udza kwa anthu akale sikunayambe kumvetsera. Zakhalanso zamafashoni. Anthu ambiri ankakonda kuchita nawo makalasi nthawi ndi nthawi ... ndipo m'badwo watsopano unakula mosiyana kwambiri ...
Java inali yoyamba kudzilengeza yokha. Iye anakana mouma khosi kufunika kowombera mwamsanga pamiyendo ndikuumirira kuti mtengo waukulu unali womveka bwino ... ndi zinthu ... palibe koma zinthu. Zowona, m'malo mwake, adasakaniza zinthu ndi makalasi, ndikuwonjezera zoyambira pazakudya izi, zomwe sizinamulepheretse kudziwonetsa ngati "Woyamba wokonda zinthu". Zinamveka kuti Java ndi mwana wapathengo wa Amalume C kuchokera kwa mtsikana wosadziwika wa OOP. Ndipo wina adatsutsa kuti C ++ ndiyomwe ikukhudzidwa pano. Momwe zidakhalira sizikudziwika, koma Java idakulira pamalo otetezedwa a Oracle Corporation. Pofuna kuti chinenero chatsopanocho chisachite zoipa n’kuyamba kumuwombera m’miyendo, akatswiri okonza makina a Oracle anam’chitira nsanje adakali pamalo obisalamo n’kumudula zala za mlozera. Mwanayo atakula pang'ono, osamalira osamala sanamulole kuti atengepo kanthu pafupi ndi dziko la moyo wachikulire, ku zizindikiro, kuzibisa mosamala mu kuya kwa makina pafupifupi. Kuonjezera apo, Java inaphunzitsidwa mosamala kuti kuwombera aliyense ndi koipa, ndipo zida ziyenera kuletsedwa mwachisawawa. Kudziwana kwambiri ndi chikominisi kuyambira ali mwana kunakhudza Java bwino ndipo mwamsanga adatenga maudindo onse aulemu mu chitukuko cha bizinesi. Zinkawoneka kuti masiku a chipwirikiti chosalamulirika anali atatha, zaka za chitukuko chogwirizana bwino za timu zafika, ndipo kuwombera mnansi wanu kumapazi kwasanduka makhalidwe oipa.
Ataphimbidwa, C++ anayesa kudzikoka pamodzi ndi kusuntha ndi nthawi, kulumikiza laser kuona pa mfuti yodzaza milomo ndikuyesera kubaya luntha muzolozera. Sizinathandize kwambiri, motero ambiri amaiwala, adamwa mowa mosalekeza komanso kugona kwautali.
Ndipo kunja kwa zenera, Java anali atamenya kale nkhondo ndi mdani watsopano wamphamvu. C # inali chipatso cha chibadwa chosakaniza C ++ ndi Java. Palinso mphekesera kuti majini a Java adapezedwa pakuyesera kumeneku m'njira yosawona mtima, ndipo panthawiyo panali vuto laling'ono la izi. Koma opangidwa ndi mainjiniya ochokera ku bungwe lina lamphamvu, lokhazikika kotheratu, lotengera zinthu zambiri za C ++, C # idabadwa kuti itsutse Java ndipo idakwanitsa kuteteza ufulu wake wokhalapo mdziko lankhanza labizinesi. Kuti athe kugonjetsa Java, omwe adamulenga adamupatsa ma tempuleti, OOP ndi zolozera (ngakhale adalonjeza kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mosamala).
Padawan wachichepere adalowa kunkhondo ndi wolumala wolumala ndipo pofika 2020 adamukankhira kumbuyo pafupifupi theka ...
Nthawi siinayime ndipo kubereka kwachilengedwe kwachoka m'mafashoni. Tsopano ankakhulupirira kuti ngati simunalengedwe mu labotale ya bungwe linalake, ndiye kuti simungapambane. Umu ndi momwe JavaScript, Go, Rust ndi ena ambiri adawonekera. Ndili ndi manyazi kupereka mbiri ya woyamba pano; Ndidzipatula ndekha ku mfundo yakuti wowerenga ayenera kudziwa kuti anabadwa ndi schizophrenic wosamva, koma chifukwa cha chikondi cha anthu ena adatha kugonjetsa zonsezi. zophophonya ndikukhala ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Sanadziwe kuwombera, koma anali wokhoza kubweretsa mphindi yocheperako ku ntchito iliyonse kulikonse komwe angatengedwe. JS atakula, adazindikira kuyitanidwa kwake monga wopanga mabatani achikuda ndi zikwangwani. Kuyambira pamenepo, zinali zowopsa kutuluka panja; milu ya zikwangwani za acidic ndi mabatani oimba mluzu zidadzaza chilichonse chozungulira. Ngati antchito akale adamudzudzula pa izi, JS adayamba kufuula mokweza kuti akuponderezedwanso ndi anthu oipa omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Koma ichi ndi mbali chabe ya mavuto onse. JS adabweretsa abwenzi ake kudziko lachitukuko. Ndevu zobiriwira, ndi tsitsi lopaka utoto, pa scooters ... Iye mwini nthawi zonse ankatenga malo onse omwe alipo ndi kukumbukira, ndipo izi ziri muzochitika za m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, pamene zingawoneke kuti aliyense ayenera kukhala nazo zokwanira kale. !
Koma ngakhale pano palibe amene wakwanitsa kumunyoza. JS, poyankha, anayamba kunena kuti aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi thupi labwino komanso lofanana kale, ndipo ziribe kanthu kuchuluka kwa kukumbukira komwe mumadya ndi malo omwe mumatenga. "Antchito onse ndi ofunika, antchito onse ndi ofunika, ogwira ntchito onse ndi ofanana," adatero JS. Chitukuko china chodziwika bwino ndi JS ndikuti chatsitsa malo olowera mpaka ziro. Akuti zitatha izi, chifukwa cha chisoni, agogo a Xi adadzipachika m'chipinda chawo ndi ma kilobytes 5x5. Komabe, JS akadali kuthengo, choncho chenjezedwa, samalani!
Opanga a Go adaganiza zopambana omwe adapanga Java. Ngakhale m'mimba, adasintha gawo la maunyolo a DNA ndi hamster kwa mwana wawo ... Ndiyeno amadula zala zokha, komanso makutu pamodzi ndi mphuno, podzinamizira kuti makhalidwe amunthu safunikira, ndipo aliyense ayenera kukhala wofanana wina ndi mnzake, kuti asasokonezedwe ndi umunthu wawo . Fashoni ya OOP idadutsa, ndipo Go sanalandire makalasi kapena ma tempuleti. Koma adampatsa zokonda. Umu ndi momwe akukhala mpaka lero, akuthandiza zothandiza zosiyanasiyana.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, okonda ena amasinkhasinkha za mtundu wa bacchanalia womwe ukupitilira, mpaka kudzoza kudawapeza. Pambuyo pake, adapanga dongosolo logwirizana lachipembedzo ndi filosofi, akulitcha lingaliro la umwini, ndipo anabala Rust. Dzimbiri inali yosiyanitsidwa ndi kukhulupirika kwake ndi kukhulupirika ku mfundo zokhazikitsidwa kuyambira ali mwana. Akapatsidwa ntchito, sankachita mpaka atatsimikiza kuti sadzavulaza aliyense. Koma kuti aphunzitse Rust, anafunikira kumvetsetsa lingaliro la kukhala ndi katundu ndi wobwereketsa. Akuti zitatha izi, malo olowera adakwera ndi 15,37%.
Ngakhale kuti zilankhulo zatsopano zimachulukana ngati bowa pambuyo pa mvula, zilankhulo zakale zidakula. Java idalandira ma prosthetics ngati ma generic ndi ma lambdas abedwa ku Kalabu Yafilosofi yomwe idatchulidwa pambuyo pake. Prof. Haskell. Ndidadzipezeranso ma lambdas omwewo ku C #, ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndidapeza mbuye wina dzina lake Linq. Java sinasiyire kumbuyo ndikudziwonetsa yokha Stream API. Koma C # idasuntha mosayembekezeka, kutulutsa mipeni ya async / kuyembekezera kuponya ndikutaya chipika cholemetsa. Java, akuthamangira mdani wake wachinyamata, adakhala ngati loboti yosintha yopangidwa ndi midadada yosiyanasiyana yazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Zinthu zina zinali kugwa. Zinali momwemo pomwe C ++ adadzuka mwadzidzidzi adapeza dziko lapansi. Mwamsanga anapanga ma lambda akeake ndi mtundu wake wodziŵika bwino. Tsopano C # ndi Java zidabwereranso chifukwa chochita mantha. Ndi chiwonetsero cha laser chojambulidwa pamfuti yake ndi tepi ya buluu, kapu ya lalanje yokhala ndi magalasi akuda ndi nkhwangwa yolendewera pamapewa ake, C ++ adalimbikitsadi mantha mwa onse omwe amamuyang'ana. Ena, osakumbukira zakale, adagwira mawondo mwadala ...
Khalani ndi tsiku labwino, nonse. Ngati mungakonde, ndilemba zotsatizana za ogwira ntchito mumakampani asayansi ndi filosofi.
Source: www.habr.com