Moni nonse. Pambuyo Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapita, panthawi yomwe ndinatha kulankhula pamisonkhano ina iwiri ndikupereka maphunziro pa mutu wa kayendetsedwe ka chidziwitso m'makampani awiri akuluakulu a IT. Kulankhulana ndi anzanga, ndinazindikira kuti mu IT ndizothekabe kulankhula za kayendetsedwe ka chidziwitso pa "woyamba" mlingo, kapena m'malo mwake, kuti ndizindikire kuti kasamalidwe ka chidziwitso ndi chofunika ndi dipatimenti iliyonse ya kampani iliyonse. Lero padzakhala zochepa zomwe ndakumana nazo - ndikufuna kulingalira za miyezo yapadziko lonse yomwe ilipo mu gawo la kasamalidwe ka chidziwitso.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mtundu wotchuka kwambiri pankhani ya standardization - ISO. Tangoganizani, pali mulingo wosiyana woperekedwa ku machitidwe oyang'anira chidziwitso (ISO 30401:2018). Koma lero sindikanayikirapo. Musanamvetsetse "momwe" njira yoyendetsera chidziwitso iyenera kuyang'ana ndikugwira ntchito, muyenera kuvomereza kuti ndizofunikira.
Tiyeni titenge mwachitsanzo ISO 9001: 2015 (Makina oyendetsera bwino). Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, uwu ndi muyeso woperekedwa ku machitidwe oyendetsera bwino. Kuti atsimikizidwe kuti ali mulingo uwu, bungwe liyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mabizinesi ake ndi zogulitsa ndi/kapena ntchito zake ndi zowonekera komanso zopanda msoko. Mwanjira ina, satifiketiyo imatanthawuza kuti chilichonse mukampani yanu chimagwira ntchito momveka bwino komanso bwino, mumamvetsetsa zoopsa zomwe gulu lamakono limayambitsa, mukudziwa momwe mungapewere zoopsazi, ndipo mumayesetsa kuzichepetsa.
Kodi kasamalidwe ka chidziwitso ndi chiyani? Izi ndi zomwe zikugwirizana nazo:
7.1.6 Chidziwitso cha bungwe
Bungwe liyenera kudziwa zomwe zikufunika kuti zigwiritse ntchito njira zake ndikukwaniritsa zogulitsa ndi ntchito.
Chidziwitso chiyenera kusamalidwa ndi kuperekedwa kumlingo wofunikira.
Poganizira zosintha zomwe zikufunika ndi zomwe zikuchitika, bungwe liyenera kuganizira zomwe likudziwa komanso kudziwa momwe lingapezere kapena kupereka mwayi wodziwa zambiri ndikuzikonzanso.
ZINDIKIRANI 1: Chidziwitso cha bungwe ndi chidziwitso cha bungwe; makamaka yochokera ku zokumana nazo.
Chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikusinthanitsa kuti tikwaniritse zolinga za bungwe.
ZINDIKIRANI 2 Zidziwitso za bungwe zitha kukhala:
a) magwero amkati (monga nzeru; chidziwitso chopezedwa kuchokera ku zomwe wakumana nazo; maphunziro omwe aphunziridwa kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zalephera kapena zopambana; kusonkhanitsa ndi kusinthana kwa chidziwitso chosalembedwa ndi zochitika; zotsatira za ndondomeko, malonda ndi ntchito zowonjezera);
b) zinthu zakunja (monga miyezo, maphunziro, misonkhano, chidziwitso chopezedwa kuchokera kwa makasitomala ndi ogulitsa kunja).
Ndipo apa, muzowonjezera:
Zofunikira za chidziwitso cha bungwe zakhazikitsidwa:
a) kuteteza bungwe kuti lisatayike chidziwitso, mwachitsanzo chifukwa cha:
- kuchuluka kwa antchito;
- kulephera kupeza ndi kusinthanitsa zambiri;
b) kulimbikitsa bungwe kuti lipeze chidziwitso, mwachitsanzo kudzera:
- kuphunzira mwa kuchita;
- kuphunzitsa;
- benchmarking.
Chifukwa chake, mulingo wa ISO pankhani ya kasamalidwe kabwino umanena kuti pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito zake zikuyenda bwino, bizinesi iyenera kuchitapo kanthu pakuwongolera chidziwitso. Ndiko kulondola, palibe njira ina - "muyenera". Apo ayi nonconformity, ndi bwino. Izi zokha zikuwoneka kuti zikuwonetsa kuti iyi si gawo losankha m'bungwe, popeza kasamalidwe ka chidziwitso mu IT nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa, koma ndi gawo lofunikira pamabizinesi.
Kuphatikiza apo, muyezowu umafotokoza zomwe kasamalidwe kachidziwitso kamene kamapangidwira kuti athetse. Ndipotu, ndi zoonekeratu.
Tiyerekeze...ayi, osati monga choncho - chonde kumbukirani zomwe zinachitikira muntchito yanu pamene mumafunikira zambiri zantchito, ndipo chonyamulira chokhacho chinali paulendo watchuthi/bizinesi, kusiya kampaniyo, kapena kungodwala. . Kodi Mukukumbukira? Ndikuganiza kuti pafupifupi tonsefe takhala tikulimbana ndi izi. Munamva bwanji panthawiyo?
Ngati pakapita nthawi oyang'anira dipatimentiyo ayang'ana za kulephera kukwaniritsa nthawi yomaliza ya polojekiti, apeza wina womuimba mlandu ndikukhazika mtima pansi. Koma kwa inu panokha, panthawi yomwe mumafunikira chidziwitso, kumvetsetsa kuti "RM ndiye wolakwa, yemwe adapita ku Bali ndipo sanasiye malangizo aliwonse ngati ali ndi mafunso." Ndithudi iye ali ndi mlandu. Koma izi sizingathandize kuthetsa vuto lanu.
Ngati chidziwitso chalembedwa mu dongosolo lofikiridwa ndi anthu omwe angafunike, ndiye kuti nkhani ya "malo ochezera" yofotokozedwayo imakhala yosatheka. Chifukwa chake, kupitiliza kwa njira zamabizinesi kumatsimikiziridwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti tchuthi, kunyamuka kwa ogwira ntchito komanso zinthu zodziwika bwino zamabasi sizowopseza bizinesi - mtundu wazinthu / ntchito uzikhalabe pamlingo wake wanthawi zonse.
Ngati kampaniyo ili ndi nsanja yosinthira ndikusunga zambiri ndi chidziwitso, komanso yapanga chikhalidwe (chizolowezi) chogwiritsa ntchito nsanja iyi, ndiye kuti antchito sayenera kudikirira masiku angapo kuti ayankhe kuchokera kwa mnzake (kapena kusaka kwa masiku angapo. kwa mnzako uyu) ndipo gwirani ntchito zanu.
Chifukwa chiyani ndikunena za chizolowezi? Chifukwa sikokwanira kupanga maziko a chidziwitso kuti anthu ayambe kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Tonse tinazolowera kufunafuna mayankho a mafunso athu pa Google, ndipo nthawi zambiri timagwirizanitsa intraneti ndi mapulogalamu atchuthi ndi zikwangwani. Tilibe chizolowezi "kufufuza zambiri za Agile frameworks" (mwachitsanzo) pa intranet. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale titakhala ndi chidziwitso chozizira kwambiri pamphindi imodzi, palibe amene angayambe kugwiritsa ntchito sekondi yotsatira (kapena ngakhale mwezi wotsatira) - palibe chizolowezi. Kusintha zizolowezi zanu kumakhala kowawa komanso kumatenga nthawi. Sikuti aliyense ali wokonzeka kuchita izi. Makamaka ngati "anagwira ntchito mofanana" kwa zaka 15. Koma popanda izi, chidziwitso cha kampaniyo chidzalephera. Ichi ndichifukwa chake akatswiri a KM amalumikizana mosadukiza kasamalidwe ka chidziwitso ndi kasamalidwe kakusintha.
Ndikoyeneranso kumvetsera mfundo yakuti "Poganizira za kusintha kwa zosowa ndi zochitika, bungwe liyenera kuganizira zomwe zilipo kale ...", i.e. khalani ndi chikhalidwe chotengera zomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu popanga zisankho m'dziko losintha. Ndipo zindikirani kachiwiri "muyenera".
Mwa njira, ndime yaying'ono iyi ya muyezo ikunena zambiri za zomwe zachitika. Kawirikawiri, pankhani ya kasamalidwe ka chidziwitso, stereotypes imayamba kusonyeza chithunzi cha chidziwitso cha chidziwitso ndi mazana a zolemba zomwe zimayikidwa mu mawonekedwe a mafayilo (malamulo, zofunikira). Koma ISO ikukamba za zochitika. Chidziwitso chopezeka pazochitika zakale za kampaniyo ndipo aliyense wa antchito ake ndizomwe zimakulolani kuti mupewe chiopsezo chobwereza zolakwa, nthawi yomweyo kupanga zosankha zopindulitsa kwambiri komanso ngakhale kupanga mankhwala atsopano. M'makampani okhwima kwambiri pankhani yoyang'anira chidziwitso (kuphatikiza Russian, mwa njira), kasamalidwe ka chidziwitso amaonedwa ngati njira yowonjezerera ndalama zamakampani, kupanga zinthu zatsopano, kupanga malingaliro atsopano ndikuwongolera njira. Izi si maziko a chidziwitso, ndi njira yopangira zatsopano. Imatithandiza kumvetsetsa izi mwatsatanetsatane PMI's PMBOK Guide.
PMB OK ndi kalozera ku bungwe la chidziwitso pa kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti, bukhu la PM. Buku lachisanu ndi chimodzi (2016) la bukhuli linayambitsa gawo la kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti, yomwe imaphatikizapo kagawo kakang'ono ka kayendetsedwe ka chidziwitso cha polojekiti. Ndimeyi idapangidwa "kutengera ndemanga za ogwiritsa ntchito bukhuli", i.e. chidakhala chodziwikiratu pakugwiritsa ntchito matembenuzidwe am'mbuyomu a kalozera muzochitika zenizeni. Ndipo zenizeni zimafuna kasamalidwe ka chidziwitso!
Chotsatira chachikulu cha chinthu chatsopano ndi "Register of Lessons Learning" (mu ISO yomwe yafotokozedwa pamwambapa, mwa njira, imatchulidwanso). Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi oyang'anira, kuphatikiza kwa kaundulayu kuyenera kuchitika nthawi yonse yomwe polojekitiyi ikuchitika, osati pakumaliza, ikafika nthawi yowunikira zotsatira. M'malingaliro anga, izi ndizofanana kwambiri ndi zowonera zakale, koma ndilemba positi yosiyana pa izi. Mawu omasuliridwa mu PMBOK amawerengedwa motere:
Kuwongolera chidziwitso cha polojekiti ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito chidziwitso chomwe chilipo ndikupanga chidziwitso chatsopano kuti tikwaniritse zolinga za polojekiti ndikulimbikitsa kuphunzira mu bungwe
Chidziwitso cha kasamalidwe ka polojekiti kasamalidwe ka polojekiti chimafuna kuphatikiza kwa zotsatira zopezeka kumadera ena onse odziwa zambiri.
Zomwe zikubwera pakuphatikizana zikuphatikiza, koma sizimangokhala:
...
β’ Kuwongolera chidziwitso cha polojekiti
Kuchulukirachulukira komanso kusinthika kwa ogwira ntchito kumafunikiranso njira yokhazikika yofotokozera chidziwitso munthawi yonse ya moyo wa polojekiti ndikusamutsira kwa anthu omwe akufuna kuti chidziwitso chisatayike.
***
Phindu lalikulu la ndondomekoyi ndi lakuti chidziwitso chomwe bungwe linapeza kale chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza kapena kukonza zotsatira za polojekiti, ndipo chidziwitso chochokera ku polojekiti yamakono chimakhalabe chothandizira ntchito za bungwe ndi ntchito zamtsogolo kapena magawo ake. Njirayi ikupitilira polojekiti yonseyi.
Sindikopera-kumata gawo lonse lalikulu la bukhuli pano. Mutha kuzidziwa bwino ndikupeza malingaliro oyenera. Mawu omwe aperekedwa pamwambapa, m'malingaliro mwanga, ndi okwanira. Zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti kupezeka kwa tsatanetsatane wotere mu ntchito ya PM yoyang'anira chidziwitso cha polojekiti kukuwonetsa kale kufunikira kwa gawoli pogwira ntchito. Mwa njira, nthawi zambiri ndimamva malingaliro akuti: "Ndani amafunikira chidziwitso chathu m'madipatimenti ena?" Ndikutanthauza, ndani amafunikira maphunziro awa?
M'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri zimawoneka kuti gulu limadziwona ngati "gawo lopanda kanthu." Pano tili ndi laibulale yathu, koma pali kampani ina yonse, ndipo kudziwa za laibulale yathu kulibe ntchito kwa iye. Za laibulale - mwina. Nanga bwanji njira zotsatizana nazo?
Chitsanzo chochepa: panthawi yogwira ntchitoyo panali kuyanjana ndi kontrakitala. Mwachitsanzo, ndi wopanga. Wogwira ntchitoyo adakhala wotero, adaphonya nthawi yomaliza, ndipo adakana kumaliza ntchitoyo popanda malipiro owonjezera. RM yolembedwa m'kaundula wamaphunziro omwe adaphunzira kuti sikunali koyenera kugwira ntchito ndi kontrakitala wosadalirikayu. Nthawi yomweyo, kwinakwake pakutsatsa amafunafunanso wopanga ndipo adakumana ndi kontrakitala yemweyo. Ndipo pakadali pano pali njira ziwiri:
a) ngati kampaniyo ili ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikika chogwiritsanso ntchito chidziwitso, wogwira naye ntchito pazamalonda ayang'ana mu kaundula wa maphunziro omwe aphunziridwa kuti awone ngati pali wina amene walumikizana nawo kale kontrakitala, awona malingaliro oyipa kuchokera kwa PM wathu ndipo sadzataya nthawi komanso ndalama zolumikizana ndi kontrakitala wosadalirika uyu.
b) ngati kampaniyo ilibe chikhalidwe choterocho, wogulitsa adzatembenukira kwa kontrakitala wosadalirika yemweyo, kutaya ndalama za kampani, nthawi ndipo akhoza kusokoneza ntchito yotsatsa yofunika komanso yofulumira, mwachitsanzo.
Kodi ndi njira iti yomwe ikuwoneka yopambana? Ndipo zindikirani kuti sizinali zambiri zokhudzana ndi zomwe zikupangidwa zomwe zinali zothandiza, koma za njira zomwe zikutsatiridwa ndi chitukukocho. Ndipo zidakhala zothandiza osati kwa RM ina, koma kwa wogwira ntchito njira yosiyana. Chifukwa chake chomaliza: chitukuko sichingaganizidwe mosiyana ndi malonda, chithandizo chaukadaulo kuchokera ku ma analytics abizinesi, ndi IT kuchokera ku kasamalidwe ka oyang'anira. Aliyense pakampaniyo ali ndi chidziwitso chantchito chomwe chingakhale chothandiza kwa wina pakampani. Ndipo awa sadzakhala oimira madera okhudzana.
Komabe, mbali yaukadaulo ya polojekitiyi ingakhalenso yothandiza. Yesani kuwunika ma projekiti mukampani yanu pazaka zingapo zapitazi. Mudzadabwa kuti ndi njinga zingati zomwe zapangidwa kuti zithetse mavuto ngati amenewa. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa njira zogawana nzeru sizinakhazikitsidwe.
Chifukwa chake, kasamalidwe ka chidziwitso, malinga ndi buku la PMI, ndi imodzi mwantchito za PM. Monga tikuonera, mabungwe awiri odziwika bwino omwe amapanga ziphaso zolipidwa malinga ndi miyezo yawo akuphatikizapo kasamalidwe ka chidziwitso m'ndandanda wa zida zomwe ziyenera kukhala nazo zoyendetsera ntchito ndi ntchito. Chifukwa chiyani oyang'anira m'makampani a IT amakhulupirirabe kuti kasamalidwe ka chidziwitso ndi zolemba? Chifukwa chiyani chipinda chozizira ndi chosuta chimakhalabe malo osinthira chidziwitso? Zonse ndi nkhani ya kumvetsetsa ndi zizolowezi. Ndikuyembekeza kuti oyang'anira IT adzazindikira pang'onopang'ono za gawo la kasamalidwe ka chidziwitso, ndipo mwambo wapakamwa sudzakhalanso chida chosungira chidziwitso mu kampani. Phunzirani momwe mumagwirira ntchito - pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mwa iwo!
Source: www.habr.com