"Mukawerenga mawu akuti "njati" pa khola la njovu, musakhulupirire maso anu." Kozma Prutkov
M'mbuyomu zinasonyezedwa chifukwa chake chitsanzo cha chinthu chikufunika, ndipo zinatsimikiziridwa kuti popanda chitsanzo cha chinthu ichi munthu akhoza kungolankhula za mapangidwe opangidwa ndi chitsanzo monga blizzard yotsatsa malonda, yopanda tanthauzo komanso yopanda chifundo. Koma pamene chitsanzo cha chinthu chikuwonekera, akatswiri odziwa bwino nthawi zonse amakhala ndi funso lomveka: pali umboni wotani wosonyeza kuti masamu a chinthucho amafanana ndi chinthu chenichenicho.
Chitsanzo chimodzi cha yankho ku funso ili chikuperekedwa mu M'nkhaniyi tiona chitsanzo cha kupanga chitsanzo kwa makina mpweya mpweya, diluting mchitidwe ndi ena ongoyerekeza chikhalidwe wamba.
Kupanga chitsanzo chodalirika cha chinthucho. Chiphunzitso
Kuti musazengereze, ndikuwuzani nthawi yomweyo za algorithm yopanga chitsanzo chojambula chojambula. Zimangotengera njira zitatu zosavuta:
Khwelero 1. Pangani dongosolo la ma equation a algebraic-differential equations omwe amafotokozera machitidwe osinthika a machitidwe otsatiridwa. Ndi zophweka ngati mukudziwa physics ya ndondomekoyi. Asayansi ambiri atipangira kale malamulo oyambira achilengedwe otchedwa Newton, Brenoul, Navier Stokes ndi Stangels ena, Compass ndi Rabinovich.
Khwelero 2. Sankhani muzotsatira zomwe zimapanga ma epirical coefficients ndi mawonekedwe a chinthu chachitsanzo chomwe chingapezeke kuchokera ku mayeso.
Khwelero 3. Yesani chinthucho ndikusintha chitsanzocho potengera zotsatira za kuyesa kwathunthu, kuti zigwirizane ndi zenizeni, ndi digiri yofunikira yatsatanetsatane.
Monga mukuonera, ndi zophweka, awiri atatu okha.
Chitsanzo cha kuchitapo kanthu
The air conditioning system (ACS) mu ndege imalumikizidwa ndi makina owongolera kuthamanga. Kupanikizika mu ndege nthawi zonse kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa mphamvu yakunja, ndipo kusintha kwa kuthamanga kuyenera kukhala kotero kuti oyendetsa ndege ndi okwera ndege asatulutse magazi m'mphuno ndi makutu. Chifukwa chake, njira yolowera mpweya ndi njira yoyendetsera mpweya ndiyofunikira pachitetezo, ndipo njira zoyesera zodula zimayikidwa pansi kuti zitheke. Amapanga kutentha ndi kupanikizika pamtunda wouluka, ndipo amaberekanso mikhalidwe yonyamuka ndi kutera pamabwalo a ndege akutali. Ndipo nkhani yokonza ndikuwongolera machitidwe owongolera ma SCV ikukwera mpaka kuthekera kwake. Kodi tidzayendetsa benchi yoyesera mpaka liti kuti tipeze dongosolo lowongolera? Mwachiwonekere, ngati tikhazikitsa chitsanzo chowongolera pa chitsanzo cha chinthu, ndiye kuti kuzungulira kwa ntchito pa benchi yoyesera kungachepe kwambiri.
Makina otenthetsera mpweya wa ndege amakhala ndi zotenthetsera zomwezo ngati makina ena aliwonse otenthetsera. Batire ndi batire ku Africanso, ndi air conditioner yokha. Koma chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kulemera kwa ndege ndi kukula kwa ndege, zotenthetsera zimapangidwira kuti zikhale zogwirana komanso zogwira mtima kwambiri kuti zithe kutentha kwambiri momwe zingathere kuchokera kumagulu ang'onoang'ono. Zotsatira zake, geometry imakhala yodabwitsa kwambiri. Monga momwe zilili pakali pano. Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa chosinthira kutentha kwa mbale momwe nembanemba imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa mbale kuti ipititse patsogolo kutentha. Zoziziritsa zotentha ndi zozizira zimasinthana munjira, ndipo kolowera ndi kopingasa. Choziziritsa chimodzi chimaperekedwa kumalo odulidwa kutsogolo, china - kumbali.
Kuti tithane ndi vuto la kuwongolera SCR, tiyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumasamutsidwa kuchokera ku sing'anga kupita ku imzake muchotenthetsera chotere pa nthawi ya unit. Mlingo wa kusintha kwa kutentha, zomwe timalamulira, zimadalira izi.
Chithunzi 1. Chithunzi cha chowotcha kutentha kwa ndege.
Mavuto achitsanzo. Gawo la Hydraulic
Poyang'ana koyamba, ntchitoyi ndi yosavuta; ndikofunikira kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa misa kudzera munjira zosinthira kutentha komanso kutentha kwapakati panjira.
Kuchuluka kwa madzi ozizira m'matchanelo kumawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomula ya Bernouli:
kumene:
ΞP - kusiyana kwapakati pakati pa mfundo ziwiri;
ΞΎ - kugunda kwamphamvu kozizira;
L - kutalika kwa njira;
d - hydraulic awiri a njira;
Ο - kachulukidwe koziziritsa;
Ο - liwiro loziziritsa panjira.
Kwa njira yopangira mawonekedwe, ma hydraulic diameter amawerengedwa ndi formula:
kumene:
F - malo oyenda;
P - yonyowetsedwa mozungulira njira.
Kukangana koyeretsa kumawerengeredwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma fomula oyeserera ndipo zimatengera kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga ndi mawonekedwe a choziziritsa. Kwa ma geometri osiyanasiyana, kudalira kosiyanasiyana kumapezedwa, mwachitsanzo, njira yoyendetsera chipwirikiti pamapaipi osalala:
kumene:
Re - Reynolds nambala.
Kuyenda mumayendedwe athyathyathya, njira iyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito:
Kuchokera pamapangidwe a Bernoulli, mutha kuwerengera kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa liwiro lomwe mwapatsidwa, kapena mosemphanitsa, kuwerengera liwiro loziziritsa mu tchanelo, kutengera kutsika komwe kwaperekedwa.
Kusinthana kutentha
Kutentha kwapakati pakati pa chozizira ndi khoma kumawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomekoyi:
kumene:
Ξ± [W/(m2Γdeg)] - kutengera kutentha kokwanira;
F - malo oyenda.
Pamavuto akuyenda koziziritsa m'mapaipi, kafukufuku wokwanira wachitika ndipo pali njira zambiri zowerengera, ndipo monga lamulo, chilichonse chimatsikira ku kudalira kwamphamvu kwa Ξ± [W/(m2Γdeg)]
kumene:
Nu - Nusselt nambala,
Ξ» - choyezera chotenthetsera chamadzimadzi [W/(mΓdeg)] d β hydraulic (chofanana) m'mimba mwake.
Kuti muwerengere nambala ya Nusselt (chiyerekezo), kudalira kwamphamvu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, njira yowerengera nambala ya Nusselt ya chitoliro chozungulira imawoneka motere:
Apa tikuwona kale nambala ya Reynolds, nambala ya Prandtl pakutentha kwa khoma ndi kutentha kwamadzimadzi, komanso kuchulukana kosagwirizana. ()
Pazitsulo zotenthetsera mbale zamalata mawonekedwe ake ndi ofanana ( ):
kumene:
n = 0.73 m = 0.43 pakuyenda kwa chipwirikiti,
coefficient a - imasiyana kuchokera 0,065 mpaka 0.6 kutengera kuchuluka kwa mbale ndi kayendedwe ka kayendedwe.
Tiyeni tiganizire kuti coefficient iyi imawerengedwa pa mfundo imodzi yokha. Pa nsonga yotsatira tili ndi kutentha kosiyana kwamadzimadzi (kwatenthedwa kapena kuzizira), kutentha kosiyana kwa khoma ndipo, motero, manambala onse a Reynolds ndi manambala a Prandtl amayandama.
Panthawiyi, katswiri wa masamu adzanena kuti n'zosatheka kuwerengera molondola ndondomeko yomwe coefficient imasintha nthawi 10, ndipo adzakhala wolondola.
Katswiri aliyense wothandiza anganene kuti chowotcha chilichonse chimapangidwa mosiyana ndipo sizingatheke kuwerengera machitidwe, ndipo adzakhalanso wolondola.
Nanga bwanji Model-Based Design? Kodi zonse zatayika?
Otsatsa apamwamba a mapulogalamu akumadzulo kumalo ano akugulitsani makompyuta apamwamba ndi makina owerengera a 3D, monga "simungachite popanda izo." Ndipo muyenera kuthamanga kuwerengera kwa tsiku kuti mutenge kutentha mkati mwa mphindi imodzi.
Zikuwonekeratu kuti iyi si njira yathu; tifunika kukonza dongosolo lowongolera, ngati sichoncho munthawi yeniyeni, ndiye munthawi yowoneratu.
Yankho mwachisawawa
Chojambulira kutentha chimapangidwa, mayeso angapo amachitika, ndipo tebulo la momwe kutentha kwanthawi zonse kumapangidwira kumayikidwa pamitengo yozizirira. Zosavuta, zachangu komanso zodalirika chifukwa deta imachokera ku kuyezetsa.
Choyipa cha njirayi ndikuti palibe mawonekedwe amphamvu a chinthucho. Inde, tikudziwa kuti kutentha kwa kutentha kudzakhala kotani, koma sitidziwa kuti zidzatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti tikhazikitse pamene tikusintha kuchoka ku njira ina kupita ku ina.
Chifukwa chake, titawerengera zofunikira, timakonza zowongolera mwachindunji pakuyesa, zomwe poyamba timakonda kuzipewa.
Njira Yotengera Chitsanzo
Kuti mupange chitsanzo cha chosinthira kutentha kwamphamvu, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito deta yoyeserera kuti muchepetse kusatsimikizika mumayendedwe owerengera - nambala ya Nusselt ndi kukana kwa hydraulic.
Yankho lake ndi losavuta, monga chirichonse chanzeru. Timatenga fomula yoyeserera, kuchita zoyeserera ndikuzindikira kufunikira kwa koyefiyenti a, potero timachotsa kusatsimikizika mu formula.
Tikakhala ndi mtengo wina wa kutengera kutentha, magawo ena onse amatsimikiziridwa ndi malamulo oyambira achilengedwe osamalira. Kusiyana kwa kutentha ndi kutentha kwapakati kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimatumizidwa mu tchanelo pa nthawi ya unit.
Podziwa mayendedwe amphamvu, ndizotheka kuthana ndi ma equation a kusungitsa mphamvu komanso kuthamanga kwa zoziziritsa kukhosi mu hydraulic channel. Mwachitsanzo izi:
Kwa ife, kutentha kumayenda pakati pa khoma ndi ozizira - Qwall - kumakhalabe kosatsimikizika. Mutha kuwona zambiri
Komanso kutentha kochokera ku equation ya khoma lanjira:
kumene:
ΞQwall - kusiyana pakati pa kutuluka ndi kutuluka kwa khoma la njira;
M ndiye kuchuluka kwa khoma la ngalande;
Cpc - kutentha mphamvu ya zinthu khoma.
Kulondola kwachitsanzo
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, muzitsulo zotentha timakhala ndi kugawa kwa kutentha pamwamba pa mbale. Kuti mukhale ndi mtengo wokhazikika, mutha kutenga pafupifupi pa mbale ndikuigwiritsa ntchito, ndikulingalira chotenthetsera chonsecho ngati malo amodzi okhazikika pomwe, pakusiyana kwa kutentha kumodzi, kutentha kumasamutsidwa kupyola pamwamba pa chotenthetsera kutentha. Koma kwa maulamuliro osakhalitsa kuyerekezera koteroko sikungagwire ntchito. The ena kwambiri ndi kupanga mazana angapo mfundo zikwi ndi katundu Super Computer, amenenso si oyenera kwa ife, popeza ntchito ndi sintha dongosolo ulamuliro mu nthawi yeniyeni, kapena bwino komabe, mofulumira.
Funso likubuka, ndi magawo angati omwe chotenthetsera kutentha chiyenera kugawidwa kuti chipeze kulondola kovomerezeka ndi liwiro la kuwerengera?
Monga nthawi zonse, mwamwayi ndinali ndi chitsanzo cha chosinthira kutentha kwa amine pafupi. Chotenthetsera kutentha ndi chubu, chotenthetsera chowotcha chimayenda m'mipope, ndipo sing'anga yotentha imayenda pakati pa matumba. Kuti vutoli lisakhale losavuta, chubu chonse chosinthira kutentha chikhoza kuimiridwa ngati chitoliro chimodzi chofanana, ndipo chitolirocho chikhoza kuimiridwa ngati maselo owerengetsera, omwe amawerengera chitsanzo cha kutentha. Chithunzi cha chitsanzo cha selo limodzi chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2. Njira ya mpweya wotentha ndi mpweya wozizira zimagwirizanitsidwa kudzera pakhoma, zomwe zimatsimikizira kusuntha kwa kutentha pakati pa njira.
Chithunzi 2. Chitsanzo cha cell exchanger kutentha.
Mtundu wa tubular heat exchanger ndi wosavuta kukhazikitsa. Mukhoza kusintha gawo limodzi lokha - chiwerengero cha zigawo pamodzi ndi kutalika kwa chitoliro ndikuyang'ana zotsatira zowerengera za magawo osiyanasiyana. Tiyeni tiwerengere zosankha zingapo, kuyambira ndikugawanika kukhala mfundo 5 motalika (mkuyu 3) ndi mpaka 100 mfundo m'litali (mkuyu 4).
Chithunzi 3. Kugawa kwa kutentha kwanthawi zonse kwa mfundo 5 zowerengedwa.
Chithunzi 4. Kugawa kwa kutentha kwanthawi zonse kwa mfundo 100 zowerengedwa.
Chifukwa cha kuwerengera, kunapezeka kuti kutentha kwapakati pamene kugawidwa mu mfundo 100 ndi madigiri 67,7. Ndipo tikagawidwa m'magawo asanu owerengedwa, kutentha ndi 5 Β° C.
Komanso pansi pa zenera liwiro mawerengedwe wachibale nthawi yeniyeni akuwonetsedwa.
Tiyeni tiwone momwe kutentha kosasunthika ndi liwiro la kuwerengera kumasinthira kutengera kuchuluka kwa mawerengedwe. Kusiyana kwa kutentha kwapakati pa nthawi yowerengera ndi nambala zosiyanasiyana za maselo owerengera kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyesa kulondola kwa zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa.
Table 1. Kudalira kutentha ndi liwiro la kuwerengera pa chiwerengero cha malo owerengera pamodzi ndi kutalika kwa kutentha kwa kutentha.
| Chiwerengero cha malo owerengera | Kutentha kokhazikika | Liwiro lowerengera |
| 5 | 72,66 | 426 |
| 10 | 70.19 | 194 |
| 25 | 68.56 | 124 |
| 50 | 67.99 | 66 |
| 100 | 67.8 | 32 |
Popenda tebulo ili, titha kunena zotsatirazi:
- Liwiro lowerengera limatsika molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa malo owerengera mumitundu yosinthira kutentha.
- Kusintha kwa kulondola kwa mawerengedwe kumachitika modzidzimutsa. Pamene chiwerengero cha mfundo chikuwonjezeka, kukonzanso pa kuwonjezeka kulikonse kotsatira kumachepa.
Pankhani ya chotenthetsera kutentha kwa mbale yokhala ndi choziziritsa chodutsa, monga momwe zilili pa Chithunzi 1, kupanga chitsanzo chofanana ndi ma cell owerengera oyambira kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Tiyenera kulumikiza maselo m'njira yoti tikonzekere maulendo a mtanda. Kwa maselo 4, dera lidzawoneka monga momwe likusonyezera Chithunzi 5.
Kuthamanga kozizira kumagawidwa m'nthambi zotentha ndi zozizira kukhala njira ziwiri, ngalandezo zimagwirizanitsidwa kudzera muzitsulo zotentha, kotero kuti podutsa mumsewu choziziritsa chimasintha kutentha ndi njira zosiyanasiyana. Kuyerekeza kuyenda kwa mtanda, choziziritsa chotentha chimayenda kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja (onani mkuyu 5) munjira iliyonse, kusinthanitsa kutentha motsatizana ndi ngalande zoziziritsa kuzizira, zomwe zimayenda kuchokera pansi kupita kumtunda (onani mkuyu 5). Malo otentha kwambiri ali pakona yakumanzere yakumanzere, pomwe choziziritsira chotentha chimasinthanitsa kutentha ndi choziziritsa chotentha kale cha munjira yozizira. Ndipo chozizira kwambiri chili kumunsi kumanja, kumene chozizirirapo chozizirirapo chimasinthana kutentha ndi chozizirira chotentha, chomwe chazirala kale mβgawo loyamba.
Chithunzi 5. Chitsanzo chodutsana cha maselo a 4 owerengera.
chitsanzo ichi kwa mbale kutentha exchanger saganizira kutentha kutengerapo pakati pa maselo chifukwa madutsidwe matenthedwe ndipo saganizira kusanganikirana kwa coolant, popeza aliyense njira payekha.
Koma kwa ife, kuchepetsa kotsiriza sikuchepetsa kulondola, chifukwa popanga chowotcha chotenthetsera, nembanemba yamalata imagawaniza madziwo m'njira zambiri zakutali pamodzi ndi zoziziritsa kukhosi (onani mkuyu 1). Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zimachitika pakuwerengera molondola potengera chosinthira kutentha kwa mbale pomwe kuchuluka kwa ma cell owerengera kumawonjezeka.
Kuti tifufuze zolondola, timagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zogawa chotenthetsera m'maselo opanga:
- Selo lililonse lalikulu lili ndi ma hydraulic awiri (ozizira ndi otentha) ndi chinthu chimodzi chotentha. (onani chithunzi 5)
- Selo lililonse lalikulu lili ndi zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi za hydraulic (magawo atatu mumayendedwe otentha ndi ozizira) ndi zinthu zitatu zotentha.
M'malo mwake, timagwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri yolumikizirana:
- kutsutsana ndi kutuluka kwa madzi ozizira ndi otentha;
- kufanana otaya ozizira ndi otentha otaya.
Kuthamanga kwa counter kumawonjezera mphamvu poyerekeza ndi kutuluka kwa mtanda, pamene kutsika kumachepetsa. Ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo, kuwonjezereka kwa kayendetsedwe kake kumachitika ndipo chirichonse chimakhala pafupi ndi mtanda weniweni (onani Chithunzi 6).
Chithunzi 6. Maselo anayi, 3-element cross-flow model model.
Chithunzi 7 chikuwonetsa zotsatira za kugawa kwa kutentha kosasunthika mu chotenthetsera kutentha popereka mpweya ndi kutentha kwa 150 Β°C pamzere wotentha, ndi 21 Β°C pamzere wozizira, pazosankha zosiyanasiyana zogawanitsa chitsanzo. Mtundu ndi manambala pa selo zimasonyeza kutentha kwa khoma mu selo yowerengera.
Chithunzi 7. Kutentha kosasunthika kwa machitidwe osiyanasiyana opangira.
Table 2 imasonyeza kutentha kwa mpweya wotentha pambuyo pa kutentha kwa kutentha, malingana ndi kugawidwa kwa chitsanzo cha kutentha kwa ma cell.
Table 2. Kudalira kwa kutentha pa chiwerengero cha maselo opangidwa mu chotenthetsera kutentha.
| Kukula kwachitsanzo | Kutentha kokhazikika 1 chinthu pa selo |
Kutentha kokhazikika 3 zinthu pa selo |
| 2x2 | 62,7 | 67.7 |
| 3 Γ 3 | 64.9 | 68.5 |
| 4x4 | 66.2 | 68.9 |
| 8x8 | 68.1 | 69.5 |
| 10 Γ 10 | 68.5 | 69.7 |
| 20 Γ 20 | 69.4 | 69.9 |
| 40 Γ 40 | 69.8 | 70.1 |
Pamene chiwerengero cha maselo owerengetsera mu chitsanzo chikuwonjezeka, kutentha kotsiriza kokhazikika kumawonjezeka. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa kutentha kokhazikika kwa magawo osiyanasiyana kungaganizidwe ngati chizindikiro cha kulondola kwa chiwerengerocho. Zitha kuwoneka kuti ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha maselo owerengera, kutentha kumakhala malire, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa kulondola sikuli kofanana ndi chiwerengero cha mawerengedwe.
Funso likubuka: ndi mtundu wanji wa zolondola zomwe timafunikira?
Yankho la funsoli likudalira cholinga cha chitsanzo chathu. Popeza nkhaniyi ikukhudzana ndi mapangidwe opangidwa ndi zitsanzo, timapanga chitsanzo kuti tikonze dongosolo lolamulira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kulondola kwachitsanzo kuyenera kufanana ndi kulondola kwa masensa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dongosolo.
Kwa ife, kutentha kumayesedwa ndi thermocouple, yomwe kulondola kwake ndi Β± 2.5 Β° C. Kulondola kulikonse kwapamwamba pa cholinga chokhazikitsa dongosolo lowongolera ndichabechabe; dongosolo lathu lenileni lolamulira "sadzaziwona". Chifukwa chake, ngati tilingalira kuti kutentha kochepera kwa magawo osawerengeka ndi 70 Β° C, ndiye kuti chitsanzo chomwe chimatipatsa ife kuposa 67.5 Β° C chikhala cholondola mokwanira. Mitundu yonse yokhala ndi mfundo zitatu mu cell yowerengera ndi mitundu yayikulu kuposa 3x5 yokhala ndi mfundo imodzi mu cell. (Zowonetsedwa zobiriwira mu Gulu 5)
Njira zogwirira ntchito zamphamvu
Kuti tiwone kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, tidzayesa kusintha kwa kutentha kumalo otentha kwambiri komanso ozizira kwambiri a khoma la kutentha kwa kutentha kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapangidwe. (Onani mkuyu 8)
Chithunzi 8. Kuwotha kutentha kutentha. Zitsanzo za miyeso 2x2 ndi 10x10.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti nthawi ya kusintha ndi chikhalidwe chake ndizodziyimira pawokha pa chiwerengero cha maselo owerengera, ndipo zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zotentha.
Chifukwa chake, timawona kuti pakufanizira bwino kwa chotenthetsera kutentha m'njira zoyambira 20 mpaka 150 Β° C, ndikulondola kofunikira ndi dongosolo lowongolera la SCR, pafupifupi 10 - 20 mfundo zopanga ndizokwanira.
Kukhazikitsa chitsanzo champhamvu potengera kuyesa
Kukhala ndi chitsanzo cha masamu, komanso deta yoyesera pa kuyeretsa kutentha kwa kutentha, zonse zomwe tiyenera kuchita ndikuwongolera kosavuta, ndiko kuti, kuyambitsa chinthu chowonjezereka mu chitsanzo kuti kuwerengera kugwirizane ndi zotsatira zoyesera.
Kuphatikiza apo, pogwiritsa ntchito malo opangira ma graphical model, tizichita izi zokha. Chithunzi 9 chikuwonetsa algorithm yosankha ma coefficients owonjezera kutentha. Zomwe zimapezedwa kuchokera ku kuyesera zimaperekedwa ku zolowetsamo, chitsanzo cha kutentha kwa kutentha chimagwirizanitsidwa, ndipo ma coefficients ofunikira pamtundu uliwonse amapezedwa pa zotulutsa.
Chithunzi 9. Algorithm pakusankha koyezetsa kowonjezera kutengera zotsatira zoyeserera.
Chifukwa chake, timapeza coefficient yofanana ya nambala ya Nusselt ndikuchotsa kusatsimikizika m'mawu owerengera. Pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yogwiritsira ntchito komanso kutentha, zowongolera zimatha kusintha, koma panjira zofananira (ntchito wamba) zimakhala zoyandikana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pa chosinthira chotenthetsera chamitundu yosiyanasiyana, coefficient imachokera ku 0.492 mpaka 0.655.
Ngati tigwiritsa ntchito coefficient ya 0.6, ndiye kuti mumayendedwe omwe amaphunzira kulakwitsa kuwerengera kudzakhala kochepa kuposa cholakwika cha thermocouple, motero, pakuwongolera dongosolo, masamu a masamu otenthetsera kutentha adzakhala okwanira kwathunthu ku chitsanzo chenichenicho.
Zotsatira za kukhazikitsa chitsanzo chosinthira kutentha
Kuti muwone momwe kutentha kumayendera, mawonekedwe apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito - kuchita bwino:
kumene:
bwinootentha - mphamvu ya chosinthira kutentha kwa choziziritsa chotentha;
Tmapiriin - kutentha kwa malo olowera ku chosinthira kutentha m'njira yozizirira yotentha;
Tmapirikunja - kutentha komwe kumatuluka potengera kutentha kwawo m'mphepete mwa njira yozizirira yotentha;
THallin - kutentha kwa polowera ku chosinthira kutentha m'njira yozizira yozizirira.
Table 3 ikuwonetsa kupatuka kwa mphamvu yachitsanzo chotenthetsera kutentha kuchokera pakuyesa pamayendedwe osiyanasiyana pamizere yotentha ndi yozizira.
Tebulo 3. Zolakwika pakuwerengera kutentha kwachangu mu%
Kwa ife, coefficient yosankhidwa ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zonse zopangira chidwi kwa ife. Ngati pamayendedwe otsika, pomwe cholakwikacho chili chachikulu, kulondola kofunikira sikukwaniritsidwa, titha kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chowonjezera chosinthika, chomwe chidzadalira kuchuluka kwakuyenda kwapano.
Mwachitsanzo, mu Chithunzi 10, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumawerengedwera pogwiritsa ntchito fomula yomwe yaperekedwa kutengera kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe amakono m'maselo a tchanelo.
Chithunzi 10. Kusinthasintha kowonjezera kutentha kowonjezera.
anapezazo
- Kudziwa malamulo achilengedwe kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga zitsanzo zosunthika zachinthu chopangidwa motengera chitsanzo.
- Chitsanzocho chiyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi kusinthidwa kutengera deta yoyesera.
- Zida zachitukuko zachitsanzo ziyenera kulola wopanga kuti asinthe mawonekedwewo potengera zotsatira za kuyesa chinthucho.
- Gwiritsani ntchito njira yoyenera yopangira chitsanzo ndipo mudzakhala okondwa!
Bonasi kwa omwe adamaliza kuwerenga.
Ogwiritsa ntchito olembetsedwa okha ndi omwe angatenge nawo gawo pa kafukufukuyu. chonde.
Ndikambilanenso zotani?
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76,2%Momwe mungatsimikizire kuti pulogalamu yachitsanzo ikugwirizana ndi pulogalamu mu hardware.16
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23,8%Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito makompyuta apamwamba kwambiri pamapangidwe otengera zitsanzo.5
Wogwiritsa 21 adavota. Wogwiritsa m'modzi adasala.
Source: www.habr.com