Zochitika zofunika kwambiri za 2019

Kusankhidwa komaliza kwa zochitika zofunika kwambiri komanso zodziwika bwino za 2019:

• Richard Stallman kumanzere udindo wa Purezidenti wa Open Source Foundation.
• Kampani ya IBM kutengeka Chipewa Chofiira.
• Kukhazikika WebAssembly. Kutsatsa WebAssembly ngati nsanja yogwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi. WASI Kugwiritsa ntchito WebAssembly kunja kwa msakatuli. BinaryAST kufulumizitsa kutsitsa kwa JavaScript.
• IBM, Google, Microsoft ndi Intel anapanga mgwirizano pakupanga matekinoloje otseguka oteteza deta.
• Mabungwe a W3C ndi WHATWG avomera pangani mafotokozedwe wamba a HTML ndi DOM.
• Bwererani pankhani yothandizira ma init angapo mu Debian ndi kugwira mavoti ambiri pa init systems mu Debian.
• Microsoft losindikizidwa zapagulu ndikupanga ma patent a exFAT kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kwaulere pa Linux. Kampani ya Paragon Software anatsegula code yanu yoyendetsa exFAT.
• Python и Firefox kusinthira kumayendedwe otulutsa atsopano.
• Kukhazikitsa chithandizo cha DNS-over-HTTPS mu Firefox и Chrome (mgwirizano wa othandizira analankhula motsutsana ndi DoH).
• HTTP/3 thandizo Chrome и Firefox, kukonzekera module yokhala ndi HTTP/3 yothandizira nginx.
• Chrome ndi Firefox zikuyenda kuti zilembe masamba omwe atsegulidwa pa HTTP ndi chizindikiro cholumikizira chosatetezeka.
• firefox: Chochitika ndi zowonjezera zonse za Firefox zoyimitsidwa chifukwa cha kutha kwa satifiketi ya Mozilla. Yambitsani kutsekereza kwa tracker mwachikhazikitso mu Firefox. Kupanga msakatuli watsopano wam'manja Kuwonetseratu kwa Firefox.
  Kuyambiranso gwiritsani ntchito kuphatikiza chithandizo cha Tor mu Firefox. Zamalizidwa yesetsani kuchotsa zigawo za XBL (XML Binding Language) ku Firefox; zolumikizira zambiri zomangidwira zakonzedwanso (masitifiketi owonera, ma adilesi, za: config, etc.). Yakhazikitsidwa Firefox Send service. Kugwa Yesani pulogalamu ya Pilot ndi ntchito ya Firefox Screenshots.
  Kulephera Mozilla kuti asagwiritse ntchito zoletsa zina za Chrome manifesto yatsopano.

• Chromium: Kutsatsa kope lachitatu la manifesto, zosagwirizana ndi uBlock Origin. Kuthamanga oletsa kutsatsa kosayenera. Kukhazikika Kung'anima. Siyani kusonyeza "https://" ndi "www." mu bar adilesi. Kutsatsa SXG ndi AMP popereka masamba otsimikizika amasamba kuchokera kumasamba ena. Pezani kudzipatula pakati pa masamba. Kumangitsa malamulo oyika zowonjezera mu Chrome Web Store.
• TLS: Mozilla, Cloudflare ndi Facebook adalimbikitsa Kuwonjezedwa kwa TLS pakugawa masatifiketi akanthawi kochepa. Ndondomeko ya ACME yopangidwa ndi pulojekiti ya Let Encrypt kuvomerezedwa monga muyezo wapaintaneti.
• KDE и Mozilla sinthani ku Matrix kuti mulumikizane ndi otukula. GTK m'malo mwa mndandanda wamakalata amapita ku nsanja ya Nkhani.
• Zida: Kutsegula microarchitecture MIPS R6 (MIPS Open). Kampani ya IBM anatsegula Zomangamanga za Power processor. Western Digital yawulula purosesa ya WD SweRV RISC-V. Intel akukula Tsegulani firmware ModernFW. Google akukula OpenTitan, nsanja yopangira tchipisi chodalirika. Google, SiFive ndi WD anakhazikitsidwa mgwirizano kulimbikitsa tchipisi zotseguka ndi ma SoCs.
• Ma Patent: Patent mlandu motsutsa GNOME Foundation. Kuyambitsa pa kuteteza mapulogalamu otseguka ku ma patent troll. Kuyesera mapangidwe dziwe la patent lotolera ndalama zothandizira kugwiritsa ntchito ma codec a AV1 ndi VP9.
• Mlandu: Kuyambiranso mkangano pakati pa Google ndi Oracle wokhudzana ndi Java ndi Android. Funsani motsutsana ndi Adblock Plus. Kupambana VMware pamlandu wophwanya GPL. Rambler adalengeza maufulu anu pa Nginx.
• Mikangano: Systemd pa Debian anakhala wopanda wosamalira. Kutha dstat chitukuko. Chotsani Phukusi lamtengo wapatali ngati chizindikiro cha zionetsero. Kutseka kupeza nkhokwe za Jonathon F. PPA. Apilo Osasintha mutu wa GTK pakugawa. GNU Project Maintainers analankhula motsutsana ndi utsogoleri wokhawo wa Stallman.
• License: CockroachDB DBMS amapita kwa chilolezo cha eni ake. Oracle zosintha chilolezo cha Java SE builds. Kampani ya Redis Labs kumasuliridwa ma modules kuchokera ku Commons Clause kupita ku layisensi yawo yopanda ufulu. Layisensi yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi polojekiti ya MongoDB ndi SSPL kuzindikiridwa zosavomerezeka pa Fedora Linux. Layisensi ya CUPS yasintha kuchoka ku GPLv2 ndi LGPLv2 kupita ku Apache 2.0. Chef wakhala ntchito yotseguka kwathunthu.
• Mafoloko atsopano: Kuwona - GIMP foloko, Glaber - Zabbix foloko, ayi mail - mphanda wa qmail.
• Network zomangamanga: RIPE kusankhidwa block yaulere ya IPv4 yomaliza. Zoyambitsa Tsiku la mbendera ya DNS 2019 pa kuthetsa kuthandizira kukhazikitsa zovuta za DNS ndi Tsiku la mbendera ya DNS 2020 kuthetsa mavuto ndi kugawanika kwa IP pokonza mauthenga akuluakulu a DNS.
  Facebook anatsegula nsanja yotumizira mwachangu ma network a LTE. Kutsika kwa njira ya BGP zabweretsedwa kusokoneza kwakukulu kwa kulumikizana kwa intaneti.

• Microsoft Open Initiatives: dongosolo mimalloc memory allocation, subsystem Chithunzi cha WSL2 с kusinthidwa Linux kernel mgwirizano NET 5 nsanja zothandizidwa ndi Linux ndi Android, Chida Chakulimbikitsira Cha Quantum pakupanga ma algorithms a quantum, C ++ laibulale yokhazikika, nsanja NET Kore 3.0 ndi WinUI ndi Windows Forms. Microsoft kujowina ku OpenJDK Development. Msakatuli wa Microsoft Edge kudzakhala thandizo Linux.
• Kuphunzira makina: Mapazi kulekanitsa nyimbo ndi mawu.
  Mozilla akukula makina omasulira makina. Microsoft anatsegula SPTAG laibulale yophunzirira makina. Chisudzo makanema ogwiritsa ntchito ma neural network. Kumasula TensorFlow 2.0. CodeSearchNet posaka ndi kusanthula ma code. NVIDIA SPADE (GauGAN) popanga mawonekedwe amitundu kuchokera pazithunzi. MtunduGAN kupanga nkhope.

• Khodi ya projekiti yatsegulidwa: Google yatsegulidwa Sandboxed kupanga mapangidwe a sandbox, ClusterFuzz kuzindikira zolakwika ndi adiantum kwa kubisa kosungirako mwachangu. Cloudflare lofalitsidwa jenereta yogawa nambala mwachisawawa. Netflix anatsegula code for interactive computing environment Polynote. Intel lofalitsidwa laibulale yochepetsera phokoso ndi kusefa zithunzi.
  Facebook anatsegula Hermes JavaScript injini code. BMW idatsegulidwa kachitidwe kugawidwa kwa RAMSES. Amazon kukonzekera kope lotseguka la Elasticsearch. OpenDrop - kutsegula kukhazikitsa kwa Apple AirDrop. Yatseguka code kwa mafakitale CRM/BPM/ERP dongosolo BGERP. NSA zosindikizidwa Ghidra reverse engineering toolkit. Library ya Cryptographic Makhalidwe.

• Zilankhulo zamapulogalamu: Perl 6 dzina mu Raku. Zinenero zatsopano V, Flow9,
  P++ (chilankhulidwe cha PHP cholembedwa mwamphamvu).

  Ndi 1.0. GCC 9. Python 3.8. Zithunzi za LLVM 8/9. Java SE 12/13. Jakarta EE. Pitani 1.12/1.13
  PHP 7.4.Perl 5.30.

• Zigawo zadongosolo: systemd 241, 242, 243, 244. systemd-homed kuyang'anira zolemba zapanyumba zonyamulika. Glibc 2.29/2.30.
• Virtualization ndi zotengera: Hypervisor NVMM kuchokera ku projekiti ya NetBSD. Hypervisor Intel Cloud Hypervisor ndi Amazon Firecracker yolembedwa mu Rust. Kugawa ClonOS yoyika maziko a seva kutengera FreeBSD. Linux 5.3 kernel imaphatikizapo hypervisor Mtengo wa ACRN. Chimamanda - unikernel, binary yogwirizana ndi Linux.
• BSD: Magawano FreeBSD base system kukhala mapaketi. Kutanthauzira FreeBSD pa "ZFS pa Linux". Chotsani GCC kuchokera pachimake cha FreeBSD. FreeBSD 12.1. Zogawa zatsopano MkwiyoBSD и SecBSD. Hyperbola amasintha ku foloko ya OpenBSD. Pulogalamu ya OpenBSD 6.5/6.6. Mapangidwe zosintha za phukusi la nthambi yokhazikika ya OpenBSD. Git yogwirizana Muli ndi makina owongolera kuchokera ku OpenBSD.

  DragonFlyBSD 5.6.

• Zogawa: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.0 (8.1). Debian 10. Fedora 30/31. Ubuntu 19.04/19.10.

  Kusinthidwa mosalekeza Mtsinje wa CentOS. ELISA Project pakupanga chilengedwe cha Linux cha machitidwe odalirika kwambiri. Katatu amapita kuchokera ku BSD TrueOS system kupita ku Void Linux. Kutseka Ntchito ya Russian Fedora. Kukula kwa Scientific Linux 8 adakulungidwa m'malo mwa CentOS.
  Kukula kwa Fedora Atomic Host anasiya mokomera polojekiti Fedora Core OS. Kutha kuthandizira machitidwe a 32-bit x86 ku Ubuntu.

• Mapulatifomu am'manja: Tsamba la OpenOS Edition la webOS 2, Android 10, MzereOS 16, EdgeX 1.0.
  Yoyamba gulu la Librem 5 foni yamakono ndikukonzekera foni yamakono ya PinePhone. Gwirizanitsani Tsegulani pulojekiti ya Mer ndi eni ake a OS Sailfish. nsanja Mozilla WebThings.

• DBMS: PostgreSQL 12, Chithunzi cha MariaDB 10.4. Yatseguka VictoriaMetrics DBMS kodi. BlazingSQL, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito GPU kuti ipititse patsogolo. Dqlite, mtundu wogawidwa wa SQLite.
• Malo ndi zithunzi: GTK+ dzina ku GTK. Xfce 4.14,KDE 5.15/5.16/5.17, GNOME 3.32/3.34. Kufotokozera: LXQt 0.14. MATE 1.22.

  njira 1.17, weston 7.0.
  Red Hat akufuna siyani kupanga seva ya X.Org. Wopanga shader watsopano kwa AMD GPUs kuchokera ku Valve. AMD anatsegula Caudron chimango cha ma prototyping mwachangu a mapulogalamu a 3D. Blender 2.80. xrdesktop pakugwiritsa ntchito GNOME ndi KDE pamakutu enieni.

• Codecs: Intel anatsegula Chojambulira makanema cha AV1 chokometsedwa kuti muzitha kuyenda mozungulira. Xiph ndi Mozilla kulitsa rav1e, AV1 encoder ku Rust.
  Google anatsegula libgav1, decoder ya mtundu wa AV1. VideoLAN ndi FFmpeg kulitsa AV1 decoder dav1d.

• Zowonjezera za Linux kernel: 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4.
  Kukonzekera Madalaivala a USB 4.0, chitukuko chimango cholembera madalaivala otetezeka ku Rust ndi Kulera ku nthambi yoyesera ya VPN WireGuard. Kusamutsa ma subsystems kupita ku Android (kulemba pakugwiritsa ntchito muyezo (popanda kusintha) Linux kernel mu Android).

  Kusintha kwakukulu mu kernel: makina osungira mafayilo adiantum, BinderFS file system, seccomp lock handlers mu malo ogwiritsira ntchito, boma ext4 imagwira ntchito mopanda chidwi,

  io_uring asynchronous I/O mawonekedwe, kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito NVDIMM ngati RAM, kuthandizira kuyang'anira kowopsa kwamafayilo akulu kwambiri kudzera pa fanotify, kuthekera kokonza milingo ya Zstd compression mu Btrfs, chogwirizira chatsopano cha cpuidle TEO, kukhazikitsa mafoni amachitidwe kuti athetse vuto la 2038, kuthekera koyambira pazida zamakina -mapper opanda initramfs, gawo la SafeSetID LSM, kuthandizira pazigawo zophatikizika,

  madalaivala a GPU Mali 4xx/ 6xx/7xx, chipangizo-mapper module dm-fust, Sound Open Firmware thandizo la DSP, BFQ performance optimization, PSI (Pressure Stall Information) subsystem,

  thandizo la Intel Speed ​​​​Select power management technology, pidfd_open system call, kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito ma adilesi a IPv4 kuchokera ku 0.0.0.0/8 subnet, nftables hardware acceleration, HDR yothandizira mu DRM subsystem, ACRN hypervisor integration,

  dalaivala woyeserera wa exFAT, mode "kutseka"Kuchepetsa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mizu ku kernel, fs-verity mechanism yowunikira kukhulupirika kwa fayilo, kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito CIFS pagawo la mizu, iocost input/output controller, EROFS FS, dm-clone module yobwereza zida zakunja, virtiofs FS potumiza mauthenga ku machitidwe a alendo, chithandizo cha AMD Navi 12/14, AMD Arcturus, AMD Renoir, Intel Tiger Lake ndi Zhaoxi GPUs.

• Ma Hacks: masanjidwewo, https://www.opennet.ru/opennews/art.shtml?num=50673 Picreel and Alpaca Forms, Kuthamanga Kwambiri, Pale Moon, Momnero, MimAle, Webmin, NASA, kuwononga zinthu patsamba la Stallman.
• Zochita zoyipa m'ma nkhokwe ndi akalozera:
  Docker Hub kuthyolako. Kuswa PHP chosungira PEAR ndi kusinthidwa kwa phukusi woyang'anira.
  Zowonjezera zoyipa Chikwatu cha Mozilla, Google Play.
  Kuukira ransomware yoyipa ya nkhokwe za Git ku GitHub, GitLab ndi Bitbucket services. Kuswa Zosungirako za Canonical pa GitHub. 73 nkhokwe ndi backdoors pa GitHub.
  Kulowetsa nambala yoyipa mu phukusi la Ruby Mawu_achinsinsi, NPM phukusi bb-womanga, kudalira phukusi la npm PureScript, Ma library a Python mu PyPI, mabuku a Ruby bootstrap-sass и kupuma-kasitomala, Mapulogalamu a Android ntchito ndi kamera.

• Cryptocurrencies: nsanja ya blockchain TON (Telegraph Open Network) ndi kukaikira Kuyika kwa Telegraph cryptocurrency. Kusatetezeka kwambiri mu Ethereum. Chiwopsezo mu Zcash, zomwe zinalola kupanga ndalama zatsopano. Kuswa Webusayiti ya Monero cryptocurrency. Zinyalala ziwiri Ndalama kutembenuka tchati Ethereum Classic.
• Njira zowukira:
  • Kuukira kudziwa momwe kukumbukira kumagwirira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito posungira tsamba.
  • Njira kudutsa Widevine L3 DRM chitetezo.
  • Kuukira kwa KNOB, kukulolani kuti mutseke magalimoto obisika a Bluetooth.
  • Kuukira pa maikolofoni a machitidwe owongolera mawu pogwiritsa ntchito laser.
  • Kuukira pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyipa za Thunderbolt.
  • Kutalika kuukira kokhudzana ndi kulanda ulamuliro pa DNS.
  • Kuukira ku machitidwe osiyanasiyana a TLS.
  • Kuukira ku netiweki ya OpenPGP cryptographic key server.
  • Mwayi kusokoneza maulumikizidwe a TCP opangidwa kudzera mu ngalande za VPN.
  • Kuukira pamakina akutsogolo-backend, kukulolani kuti mulowe muzopempha za chipani chachitatu
  • Kuukira CPDoS, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wopanga masamba omwe amatumizidwa kudzera pa CDN kuti asapezeke.
  • Minerva - Njira ya ECDSA key recovery.
  • NetCAT - Kuzindikira kwakutali kwa makiyi omwe asindikizidwa mu gawo la SSH.
  • Kuukira kwa DoS kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito a netiweki ya Tor;
  • More kothandiza njira yodziwira kugunda kwa SHA-1.
• Zowonongeka mu mapurosesa. Mavuto ndi ma Intel chips: MDS, SPOILER, Zombieload 2, Plundervolt. Intel ndi AMD: ZOCHITIKA. AMD:
  AMD SEV.

• Zowopsa mu firmware, ma protocol ndi tchipisi takutali: Oyang'anira BMC, Firmware ya WiFi Marvell Avastar, TPM-Kulephera, Zithunzi za HSM, Qualcomm TrustZone, Chithunzi cha Intel SGX, WPA3 ndi EAP-pwd (1, 2), Broadcom WiFi chips, QualPwn (Qualcomm Wi-Fi)
• Zofooka: Zofooka zapamidzi mu Linux kernel (Mtengo wa SCTP, AF_ALG, USB, i915, v4l2, kudabwa, fbdev). Zowopsa zakutali za DoS mu Linux kernel (RDS, UDP, rtlwifi) ndi FreeBSD. Paketi-ya-imfa pa Linux ndi FreeBSD.
  Zinayi wotsutsa zofooka в positi Seva Exim, amene zabweretsedwa kuukira kwa anthu ambiri.

  Zowopsa zakutali mkati php-fpm, WordPress, WhatsApp, SQLite (+ kuwukira kudzera pa WebSQL mu Chrome) OpenSSL, NPM, Giti, Osalephera, zosatha kuchuluka kwa zofooka mu Ghostscript, Dovecot, KDE, Proftpd, Sikwidi, Magento, SDL, ZithunziMagick, Vim, MyBB, Chithunzi cha PharStreamWrapper (Drupal, Joomla ndi Typo3), APT, pacman, Drupal, LibreOffice ndi OpenOffice, SCP.

  Zowopsa zam'deralo mu runc ndi LXC (Docker) systemd-journald, ld.ndi и libc mu OpenBSD, Xen,
  vhost-net, QEMU, Docker, snap ndi flatpak, sungani.

M'chakachi, nkhani za 1687 (790 main, 897 mini) zidasindikizidwa pa OpenNET, pomwe ndemanga 148862 zidasiyidwa.

Source: opennet.ru