Nkhaniyi yaperekedwa pakuwunika kofananira kwa mabungwe omveka kuchokera ku ntchito ya wafilosofi waku Germany Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel "Sayansi ya Logic" ndi ma analogi awo kapena kusapezeka kwawo pamapulogalamu.

Mabungwe ochokera mu Science of Logic ali m'mawu opendekeka kuti apewe kusokonezeka ndi matanthauzidwe ovomerezeka a mawuwa.

Kukhala woyera

Ngati mutsegula tanthauzo munthu woyera m'bukuli, mudzawona mzere wosangalatsa "wopanda tanthauzo lina". Koma kwa iwo omwe sanawerenge kapena osamvetsetsa, musathamangire kunena kuti wolembayo ali ndi vuto la dementia. Kukhala woyera - ili ndilo lingaliro lofunikira mu malingaliro a Hegel, kutanthauza kuti chinthu china chiripo, chonde musasokoneze ndi kukhalapo kwa chinthu, chinthucho sichingakhalepo kwenikweni, koma ngati tafotokozera mwanjira yathu malingaliro athu, alipo. Ngati mukuganiza za izo, palidi zinthu monga munthu woyera ndizosatheka kupereka tanthauzo, ndipo kuyesa kulikonse kotere kudzatsikira ku mfundo yakuti mudzangotchula mawu ofanana nawo kapena mawu otsutsana nawo. Kukhala woyera lingaliro losamvetsetseka kotero kuti lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ku chilichonse mwamtheradi, kuphatikiza pachokha. M'zinenero zina zokhala ndi zinthu, ndizotheka kuimira chirichonse monga chinthu, kuphatikizapo ntchito pa zinthu, zomwe zimatipatsa ife mlingo woterewu. Komabe, pakukonza mwachindunji analogue munthu woyera Ayi. Kuti tiwone ngati chinthu chilipo, tiyenera kufufuza ngati palibe.

if(obj != null);

Ndizodabwitsa kuti shuga wamtunduwu kulibe, chifukwa cheke ichi ndi chodziwika kwambiri.

Palibe

Kodi mungayerekeze bwanji? palibe ndi kusakhalapo kwa kalikonse. Ndipo analogue ake akhoza kutchedwa NULL. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti mu sayansi ya logic palibe ndi munthu woyera, chifukwa liriponso. Izi ndizogwira pang'ono; sitingathe kupeza NULL ngati chinthu m'chinenero chilichonse, ngakhale kuti ndi chimodzi.

Mapangidwe ndi mphindi

Mapangidwe ndi kusintha kuchokera palibe в kukhala ndi kuchokera kukhala в palibe. Izo zimatipatsa ife awiri mphindi, woyamba amatchedwa kutuluka,ndi chachiwiri kudutsa. Ndime imatchedwa choncho m’malo mozimiririka, chifukwa mfundo yomvekayo kwenikweni siingathe kutha pokhapokha titaiwala. Kuchotsa motero tikhoza kutchula ndondomeko yogawa. Ngati chinthu chathu chikuyambitsidwa, ndiye mphindi yochitika, ndipo ngati mupereka mtengo wina kapena NULL mphindi yakudutsa.

obj = new object(); //возникновение
obj = null; //прехождение

Kukhalapo

Mwachidule kukhalapo ndi chinthu chomwe chilibe tanthauzo lomveka bwino, koma chili nacho chitsimikizo. Zikutanthauza chiyani. Chitsanzo chovomerezeka ndi mpando wamba. Ngati muyesa kufotokoza momveka bwino, mudzakumana ndi zovuta zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mumati: "Iyi ndi mipando yopangidwira kukhala," koma mpando umapangidwiranso izi, ndi zina zotero. Koma kusowa kwa tanthawuzo lomveka bwino sikumatilepheretsa kuunikira mumlengalenga ndikugwiritsira ntchito pofalitsa zambiri za izo, chifukwa chakuti m'mutu mwathu muli. chitsimikizo mpando. Mwina ena aganizapo kale kuti ma neural network adapangidwa kuti azilekanitsa zinthu zotere kuchokera pamtsinje wa data. Neural network ikhoza kuwonetsedwa ngati ntchito yomwe imatanthauzira izi chitsimikizo, koma palibe mitundu ya zinthu yomwe ingaphatikizepo matanthauzo omveka bwino komanso osamveka bwino, choncho zinthu zoterezi sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamlingo wofanana.

Lamulo la kusintha kwa kachulukidwe kachulukidwe kukhala koyenera

Lamuloli linapangidwa ndi Friedrich Engels chifukwa cha kutanthauzira kwa malingaliro a Hegel. Komabe, zingaoneke bwino m’voliyumu yoyamba ya mutu wakuti osachepera. Mkhalidwe wake ndi umenewo kuchuluka kusintha kwa chinthu kungakhudze icho khalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, tili ndi chinthu cha ayezi; ndi kutentha kwakukulu, kumasanduka madzi amadzimadzi ndikusintha khalidwe. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito khalidweli mu chinthu, pali ndondomeko ya State design. Kuwonekera kwa njira yotereyi kumayambitsidwa ndi kusowa kwa mapulogalamu a chinthu monga maziko chifukwa kutuluka chinthu. Foundation imatsimikizira mikhalidwe yomwe chinthu chingawonekere, ndipo mu algorithm ife tokha timasankha nthawi yomwe tifunika kuyambitsa chinthucho.

PS: Ngati izi ndizosangalatsa, ndiwunikanso mabungwe ena kuchokera ku Science of Logic.

Source: www.habr.com