Nkhaniyi ndi yankho ku zofalitsa ««, kapena kani, osati ngakhale pa nkhani yeniyeniyo, koma pa ndemanga zina za iyo ndi malingaliro operekedwa m’nkhaniyo.
Tsopano ndifotokoza, mwina, malingaliro osasangalatsa pano pa Habré, koma sindingalephere kufotokoza. Ndimagwirizana ndi wolemba nkhaniyo, ndipo ndikuganiza kuti m’njira zambiri iye akulondola. Koma ndili ndi mafunso angapo ndi zotsutsana ndi njira "yokhala wotukuka wamba, simuyenera kuphunzira ku yunivesite, iyi ndi mlingo wa sukulu ya ntchito," yomwe ambiri amalimbikitsa pano.
Choyamba
... choyamba, tiyeni tiyerekeze kuti izi ndi zoona, yunivesite imapereka chidziwitso chofunikira kuchita nawo sayansi ndi kuthetsa mavuto omwe sali oyenera, ndipo wina aliyense amafunikira sukulu yophunzitsa ntchito / luso lamakono, kumene adzaphunzitsidwa zoyambira zaukadaulo. ndi zida zotchuka. Koma... pali imodzi KOMA apa... Ndendende, ngakhale 3 "KOMA":
- malingaliro kwa anthu opanda maphunziro apamwamba m'deralo: ngati muli ndi maphunziro achiwiri kapena apadera, ndiye kuti ndinu otayika, ndipo mwinamwake ndinu chidakwa komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mawu onse otchuka okhudza "ngati simunaphunzire, ndinu wantchito" adachokera kumeneko.
(zotsatira zakusaka kwazithunzi za funso la "wosunga mbalame" zikuwoneka ngati zikuwonetsa)
Zachabechabe, kwenikweni, koma poganizira kuti ana ambiri azaka 17 amasankha njira yawo pazaka izi mokakamizidwa kwambiri ndi makolo ndi achibale a Soviet ndi post-Soviet, izi ndizofunikira.
- Kuti olemba ntchito athetse bwino mavuto awo a bizinesi, munthu wochokera ku sukulu ya ntchito / sukulu yaukadaulo ndi yokwanira, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo amafuna diploma ya maphunziro apamwamba. Makamaka ngati si kampani ya IT yokha, koma chinachake chokhudzana (monga kampani ya engineering, bungwe la boma, ndi zina zotero) Inde, pali kupita patsogolo, makampani ambiri okwanira ndi opita patsogolo a IT safuna, koma pamene mu mzinda wanu wawung'ono kumeneko. makamaka Ngati palibe makampani okwanira ndi opita patsogolo, kapena sikophweka kulowa nawo, ndiye kuti mupite kulikonse ndikupeza chidziwitso choyambirira, diploma ingafunike.
- Mavuto ndi thirakitala akuchokera ndime yapitayi. Mukufuna kupita kukagwira ntchito kudziko lina, muli ndi mwayi woperekedwa ndi abwana anu omwe ali wokonzeka kukugwirani ntchito kuti akupatseni malipiro abwino (ndipo chidziwitso chanu chochokera kusukulu yantchito ndi chokwanira kwa iye), koma malamulo osamukira kumayiko ena ambiri. mayiko (monga European blue card system) ndi wamphamvu kwambiri zimapangitsa njira iyi kukhala yovuta kwa anthu opanda diploma ya maphunziro apamwamba.
Chotsatira chomwe tili nacho: sukulu yophunzitsa ntchito / sukulu yaukadaulo ndiyokwanira pantchito, koma dipuloma yamaphunziro apamwamba ikufunikabe moyo wonse. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chidziwitso chogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso chothandiza sichidzaperekedwa kwa inu ku yunivesite, monga momwe tafotokozera m'nkhaniyi, ndipo kusukulu ya ntchito zamanja sangakupatseni diploma ya yunivesite. Wozungulira wankhanza.
Kachiwiri…
Tiyeni tipitirire, mfundo yachiwiri, kufotokoza komwe mavuto omwe ali mu mfundo imodzi anachokera.
"Mudzaphunzitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito komanso chidziwitso chothandiza pasukulu yaukadaulo / sukulu yaukadaulo, ndipo ku yunivesite mudzakhala ndi maziko oyambira ntchito zovuta komanso zosafunikira" - ili m'dziko labwino, koma ife, tsoka, tikukhalamo. wosakhala bwino. Ndi masukulu angati a ntchito zantchito kapena masukulu aukadaulo omwe mumawadziwa komwe amaphunzitsira, mwachitsanzo, kutsogolo, kumbuyo kapena opanga mafoni kuyambira pachiyambi, kuwapatsa chidziwitso chonse chomwe chili chofunikira komanso chofunikira m'nthawi yathu ino? Kotero kuti zotulukazo zikanakhala munthu wamphamvu, wokonzeka kugwira ntchito zenizeni? Mwinamwake, ndithudi, alipo, koma mwinamwake ochepa kwambiri, ine sindikudziwa imodzi. Ntchitoyi ikuchitika bwino kwambiri ndi maphunziro ochokera m'malo osiyanasiyana ophunzirira mogwirizana ndi makampani otsogola aukadaulo, koma omwe ali aulere, okhala ndi maphunziro ndi ntchito zotsatila, nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kwambiri kulowa ndipo kuchuluka kwa malo komwe kuli kochepa kwambiri, ndi zina zonse zingakhale zodula kwambiri.
Ndipo ndi masukulu ophunzitsa ntchito zamanja ndi makoleji, tsoka, chilichonse nchoyipa. Mwina izi ndi zotsatira za kuwonongeka ambiri kwa dongosolo la maphunziro m'dziko (kusintha zokayikitsa, malipiro otsika, ziphuphu, etc.) ndi mavuto a zachuma ndi mafakitale (mafakitale akulephera ndi kuchepetsa kupanga), koma zoona zake n'zakuti mu mapeto, m'masukulu ntchito ndi masukulu luso masiku ano akupezeka ndi amene anapambana Ogwirizana State mayeso bwino kwambiri, ana ochokera m'mabanja osauka, etc., ndi maphunziro pali pa mlingo woyenera, ndipo chifukwa chake, mabwana saona zambiri. kufunika kwa omaliza maphunziro a sukulu zantchito ndi masukulu aukadaulo (chabwino, kupatula ntchito zongogwira ntchito), koma nthawi yomweyo amakhulupirira kuti ngati munthu amaliza maphunziro awo ku yunivesite (makamaka theka labwino), ndiye kuti sali wopusa. , ndipo amadziwa kanthu. Chifukwa chake, ophunzira ndi olemba anzawo ntchito akuyembekezabe kuti akamaliza maphunzirowo adzakhala ndi chidziwitso chofunikira komanso chofunikira, koma yunivesite siyikwaniritsa ntchitoyi, zomwe ndi zomwe nkhaniyi idanena.
Chabwino, chachitatu.
Koma kodi yunivesite iyenera kuperekadi chidziŵitso choyambirira, pamene akusudzulidwa ndi chizoloŵezi?
Tiyeni tiwone akatswiri omwe si a IT. Mwachitsanzo, kwa mainjiniya, akatswiri a mapaipi (ndinachita chidwi kwambiri, ndipo ndinalankhula ndi mlongo wanga wamng'ono, yemwe posachedwapa anamaliza maphunziro awo ku yunivesite muzapadera izi ndikuyamba ntchito yake ku NIPI). Akatswiri a mapaipi ayenera kuchita zinthu zenizeni ataphunzitsidwa: kupanga mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi 🙂 Chifukwa chake amapatsidwa chidziwitso chofunikira, monga ma hydraulics, zida zamphamvu, uinjiniya wa kutentha, physics ndi chemistry yamadzimadzi ndi mpweya, komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito. chidziwitso: kugwiritsa ntchito njira zenizeni zowerengera magawo ndi kupsinjika kwa mipope, kuwerengera ndi kusankha kwa kutchinjiriza kwamafuta, njira zopopera mafuta amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mpweya, kapangidwe ndi mitundu ya masiteshoni osiyanasiyana a kompresa, mapampu, mavavu, mavavu ndi masensa, mapangidwe okhazikika a mapaipi ogwiritsira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, njira zochulukirachulukira, zolemba zamapangidwe (zochita zolimbitsa thupi pamakina ena a CAD), ndi zina zambiri. Ndipo chifukwa chake, ntchito zawo zazikuluzikulu sizidzakhala kupanga mitundu yatsopano ya mapaipi ndi mapampu, koma kusankha ndi kuphatikizika kwa zigawo zokonzeka, ndi kuwerengera makhalidwe a zonsezi kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zaumisiri, kuonetsetsa kukhutitsidwa kwa zofuna za makasitomala, kudalirika, chitetezo ndi mphamvu zachuma za zonsezi. Sikukukumbutsani kalikonse? Mukayang'ana zina zapadera, monga uinjiniya wamagetsi amagetsi, njira zoyankhulirana ndi wailesi yakanema ndi wailesi, komanso ngakhale zamagetsi zamagetsi zamafakitale, chilichonse chidzakhala chofanana: chidziwitso choyambirira chaukadaulo + kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chothandiza. Koma pazifukwa zina amati za IT, "palibe aliyense kuyunivesite yemwe angakupatseni zomwe mukufuna kuti muzichita, pitani kusukulu yantchito." Ndipo yankho lake ndi losavuta ...
Kubwereranso nthawi zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, mpaka 50s ndi 60s, ndikuyang'ana makampani a IT. Kompyutayo inali chabe "chowerengera chachikulu" ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi asayansi, mainjiniya ndi asitikali pakuwerengera masamu. Wolemba mapulogalamuyo amayenera kudziwa bwino masamu, chifukwa mwina anali katswiri wa masamu, kapena amangofunika kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe akatswiri a masamu adamubweretsera, zomwe adayenera kulemba pulogalamu yowerengera. Anayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chabwino komanso chozama cha ma aligorivimu wokhazikika, kuphatikiza otsika kwambiri - chifukwa mwina mulibe malaibulale okhazikika, kapena alipo, koma ndi ochepa, muyenera kulemba chilichonse nokha. Ayeneranso kukhala katswiri wamagetsi ndi magetsi kwanthawi yochepa - chifukwa mwina, osati chitukuko chokha, komanso kukonza makinawo kumagwa pamapewa ake, ndipo nthawi zambiri amayenera kudziwa ngati pulogalamuyo ili ndi ngolo chifukwa cha cholakwika mu code, kapena chifukwa penapake ndiye kuti kukhudzana kwatayika (kumbukirani komwe mawu oti "bug" adachokera, eya).
Tsopano tsatirani izi pamaphunziro akuyunivesite ndipo mukupeza kugunda kwathunthu: masamu ambiri m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana (zambiri zomwe sizingakhale zothandiza kwa wopanga m'moyo weniweni), gulu lazinthu zopanda IT "zogwiritsidwa ntchito. "Maphunziro osiyanasiyana (kutengera luso lapadera), "general engineering" amalanga (muyezo wamaphunziro umati "engineer", kotero payenera kukhala!), Mitundu yonse ya "maziko amalingaliro a chinachake", ndi zina zotero. Mwina m'malo assembler, Algol ndi Forth iwo kulankhula za C ndi Python, m'malo kulinganiza mapangidwe deta pa tepi maginito iwo kulankhula za mtundu wina wa ubale DBMS, ndipo m'malo kufala pa kuzungulira panopa iwo kulankhula za TCP/IP.
Koma china chilichonse sichinasinthe, ngakhale kuti, m'malo mwake, makampani a IT okha, matekinoloje, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, njira zopangira mapulogalamu ndi mapangidwe asintha kwambiri pazaka zambiri. Ndipo mudzakhala ndi mwayi ngati muli ndi aphunzitsi opita patsogolo omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chenicheni pakupanga mapulogalamu amakono a mafakitale - adzakupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira komanso chofunikira "paokha", ndipo ngati sichoncho, ndiye ayi, kalanga.
M'malo mwake, palinso zopita patsogolo panjira yabwino, mwachitsanzo, nthawi yapitayo "Software Engineering" idawonekera - maphunziro adasankhidwa mwaluso kwambiri. Koma wophunzira, ali ndi zaka 17, akusankha komwe angaphunzire komanso momwe angaphunzire, pamodzi ndi makolo ake (omwe angakhale kutali kwambiri ndi IT), tsoka, sangathe kuzipeza ...
Mapeto ake ndi chiyani? Koma sipadzakhala mapeto. Koma ndikulosera kuti pakhalanso kukambitsirana koopsa mu ndemanga, tikadakhala kuti popanda izo :)
Source: www.habr.com