Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa 2018, ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito yotsogolera / bwana / mtsogoleri wotsogolera gulu - itchuleni zomwe mukufuna, koma mfundo ndi yakuti ndili ndi udindo pa imodzi mwa ma modules ndi onse omwe akugwira ntchito. pa izo. Udindowu umandipatsa malingaliro atsopano pazachitukuko, popeza ndimagwira nawo ntchito zambiri komanso okhudzidwa kwambiri popanga zisankho. Posachedwapa, chifukwa cha zinthu ziwirizi, ndinazindikira mwadzidzidzi kuti muyeso wa kumvetsetsa umakhudza kachidindo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
Mfundo yomwe ndikufuna kufotokoza ndi yakuti khalidwe la code (ndi chomaliza) likugwirizana kwambiri ndi momwe anthu omwe akupanga ndi kulemba ndondomekoyi amadziwa zomwe akuchita.
Mutha kuganiza pakali pano, “Zikomo, Cap. Inde, zingakhale bwino kumvetsetsa zomwe mukulemba ponseponse. Kupanda kutero, mutha kulemba ganyu gulu la anyani kuti ligulitse makiyi osamveka ndikusiya pamenepo. " Ndipo inu mukulondola mwamtheradi. Chifukwa chake, ndimaona ngati mopepuka kuti mumazindikira kuti kukhala ndi lingaliro wamba pazomwe mukuchita ndikofunikira. Izi zitha kutchedwa zero level of understanding, ndipo sitidzasanthula mwatsatanetsatane. Tiwona mwatsatanetsatane zomwe muyenera kumvetsetsa komanso momwe zimakhudzira zisankho zomwe mumapanga tsiku lililonse. Ndikadadziwa zinthu izi pasadakhale, zikadandipulumutsa nthawi yayitali komanso code yokayikitsa.
Ngakhale simudzawona mzere umodzi wa code pansipa, ndikukhulupirirabe kuti zonse zomwe zanenedwa pano ndizofunikira kwambiri polemba ma code apamwamba kwambiri.
Kumvetsetsa koyamba: Chifukwa chiyani sizikugwira ntchito?
Madivelopa nthawi zambiri amafika pamlingo uwu atangoyamba kumene ntchito zawo, nthawi zina ngakhale popanda kuthandizidwa ndi ena - makamaka pazomwe ndakumana nazo. Tangoganizani kuti mwalandira lipoti la cholakwika: ntchito zina mu pulogalamuyi sizigwira ntchito, ziyenera kukonzedwa. Muchita bwanji?
Standard scheme ikuwoneka motere:
- Pezani kachidutswa kamene kakuyambitsa vutoli (momwe mungachitire izi ndi mutu wosiyana, ndikulemba m'buku langa la code ya cholowa)
- Pangani zosintha pazachidutswachi
- Onetsetsani kuti cholakwikacho chakonzedwa ndipo palibe zolakwika zobwereranso zomwe zachitika
Tsopano tiyeni tiyang'ane pa mfundo yachiwiri - kupanga kusintha kwa code. Pali njira ziwiri za njirayi. Choyamba ndikufufuza zomwe zikuchitika mu code yamakono, kuzindikira cholakwika ndikuchikonza. Chachiwiri: kusuntha ndi kumva - onjezani, nenani, +1 ku mawu okhazikika kapena loop, onani ngati ntchitoyi ikugwira ntchito momwe mukufunira, ndiye yesani china, ndi zina zotero ad infinitum.
Njira yoyamba ndi yolondola. Monga Steve McConnell akufotokozera m'buku lake la Code Complete (lomwe ndimalimbikitsa kwambiri, mwa njira), nthawi iliyonse tikasintha chinachake mu code, tiyenera kufotokozera molimba mtima momwe zidzakhudzire ntchitoyo. Ndikunena kuchokera pamtima, koma ngati cholakwika sichikuyenda momwe mumayembekezera, muyenera kuchita mantha kwambiri ndipo muyenera kukayikira dongosolo lanu lonse.
Kufotokozera mwachidule zomwe zanenedwa, kuti muthe kukonza zolakwika zomwe sizikusokoneza khalidwe la code, muyenera kumvetsetsa zonse zomwe zili mu code komanso gwero la vuto lenileni.
Kumvetsetsa kwachiwiri: Chifukwa chiyani zimagwira ntchito?
Mulingo uwu umamvetsetsedwa mocheperako kuposa wam'mbuyomu. Ine, ndidakali woyambitsa novice, ndinaziphunzira izi zikomo kwa abwana anga, ndipo kenako mobwerezabwereza ndinafotokozera tanthauzo la nkhaniyi kwa obwera kumene.
Nthawi ino, tiyerekeze kuti munalandira malipoti awiri a cholakwika nthawi imodzi: yoyamba ndi yokhudza zochitika A, yachiwiri ndi ya zochitika B. Muzochitika zonsezi, cholakwika chimachitika. Chifukwa chake, mutha kuthana ndi cholakwika choyamba. Pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zomwe tapanga kuti timvetsetse mu Level XNUMX, mumafufuza mozama pama code omwe akugwirizana ndi vutoli, ndikuwona chifukwa chake zimapangitsa kuti pulogalamuyo izichita momwe imachitira mu Scenario A, ndikupanga zosintha zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira zomwe mukufuna. . Zonse zikuyenda bwino.
Kenako mumapita ku zochitika B. Mukubwereza zochitikazo pofuna kuyesa kukhumudwitsa, koma-zodabwitsa! - tsopano zonse zimagwira ntchito momwe ziyenera kukhalira. Kuti mutsimikizire kulingalira kwanu, mumasintha zomwe mudasintha mukugwira ntchito pa cholakwika A, ndipo cholakwika B chimabwerera. Bugfix yanu yathetsa mavuto onse awiri. Mwamwayi!
Simunadalire izi konse. Mwabwera ndi njira yothetsera vutolo muzochitika A ndipo simukudziwa chifukwa chake zinagwira ntchito pazochitika B. Panthawiyi, zimakhala zokopa kwambiri kuganiza kuti ntchito zonsezi zatsirizidwa bwino. Izi ndizomveka: mfundo yake inali kuchotsa zolakwika, sichoncho? Koma ntchitoyi sinathebe: muyenera kudziwa chifukwa chake zochita zanu zidawongolera zolakwika zomwe zili muzochitika B. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa mwina ikugwira ntchito pa mfundo zolakwika, ndiyeno mudzafunikira kuyang'ana njira ina. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo za milandu yotere:
- Popeza yankho silinafanane ndi cholakwika B, potengera zinthu zonse, mwina mwasweka mosadziwa ntchito C.
- Ndizotheka kuti palinso kachilombo kachitatu komwe kakubisalira kwinakwake, kogwirizana ndi ntchito yomweyi, ndipo bugfix yanu imadalira pakuchita bwino kwadongosolo muzochitika B. Chilichonse chikuwoneka bwino tsopano, koma tsiku lina cholakwika chachitatu ichi chidzazindikiridwa ndikukonzedwa. Ndiye muzochitika B zolakwika zidzachitikanso, ndipo ndi zabwino ngati pamenepo.
Zonsezi zimawonjezera chisokonezo ku code ndipo tsiku lina zidzagwera pamutu panu - makamaka panthawi yosayenera. Muyenera kulimbitsa mphamvu zanu kuti mudzikakamize kuti mukhale ndi nthawi yomvetsetsa chifukwa chake zonse zikuwoneka kuti zikuyenda bwino, koma ndizoyenera.
Kumvetsetsa kwachitatu: Chifukwa chiyani zimagwira ntchito?
Chidziwitso changa chaposachedwa chikugwirizana ndendende ndi mulingo uwu, ndipo mwina ndi womwe ukadandipatsa phindu lalikulu ndikadabwera ku lingaliro ili kale.
Kuti tifotokoze momveka bwino, tiyeni tiwone chitsanzo: gawo lanu liyenera kupangidwa kuti ligwirizane ndi ntchito X. Simuli bwino kwambiri ndi ntchito X, koma munauzidwa kuti kuti mugwirizane nayo muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chimango F. Zina ma module omwe amaphatikizana ndi X amagwira ntchito chimodzimodzi ndi iye.
Khodi yanu sinalumikizane ndi F chimango kuyambira tsiku loyamba la moyo wake, kotero sizikhala zophweka kuigwiritsa. Izi zitha kukhala ndi zotulukapo zazikulu pamagawo ena agawoli. Komabe, mumadziponyera muzachitukuko: mumathera milungu ingapo mukulemba ma code, kuyesa, kutulutsa maulendo oyendetsa ndege, kupeza mayankho, kukonza zolakwika zobwerera mmbuyo, kupeza zovuta zosayembekezereka, osakwaniritsa nthawi zomwe munagwirizana poyamba, kulemba ma code ena, kuyesa, kupeza mayankho oyankhulana, kukonza zolakwika zosinthira - zonsezi kuti mugwiritse ntchito F chimango.
Ndipo nthawi ina mumazindikira mwadzidzidzi - kapena mwina kumva kuchokera kwa wina - kuti mwina chimango F sichingakupatseni kugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a X konse.
Chinthu chofanana ndi ichi chinachitika nthawi ina pamene ndinali kugwira ntchito imene ndinali nayo. N’chifukwa chiyani zimenezi zinachitika? Chifukwa sindimamvetsetsa bwino ntchito ya X komanso momwe imayenderana ndi chimango F. Kodi ndikanachita chiyani? Funsani munthu amene wapereka ntchito yachitukuko kuti afotokoze momveka bwino momwe zomwe akufunira zimatsogolera ku zotsatira zomwe akufuna, m'malo mongobwereza zomwe zidachitika m'magawo ena kapena kunena kuti izi ndi zomwe gawo la X liyenera kuchita.
Zomwe zinachitikira polojekitiyi zinandiphunzitsa kukana kuyamba ntchito yachitukuko mpaka titamvetsetsa bwino chifukwa chake tikupemphedwa kuchita zinthu zina. Kanani basi. Mukalandira ntchito, chikhumbo choyamba ndikutenga nthawi yomweyo kuti musataye nthawi. Koma ndondomeko ya "kuzizira pulojekitiyi mpaka titadziwa zonse" ikhoza kuchepetsa nthawi yowonongeka ndi malamulo akuluakulu.
Ngakhale atayesa kukukakamizani, kukukakamizani kuti muyambe ntchito, ngakhale simukumvetsa chifukwa chake, tsutsani. Choyamba, ganizirani chifukwa chake mukupatsidwa ntchito yoteroyo, ndipo ganizirani ngati iyi ndi njira yoyenera yopitira ku cholingacho. Ndinayenera kuphunzira zonsezi movutikira - ndikuyembekeza chitsanzo changa chipangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta kwa iwo omwe amawerenga izi.
Kumvetsetsa kwachinayi: ???
Nthawi zonse pamakhala zambiri zoti muphunzire pakupanga mapulogalamu, ndipo ndikukhulupirira kuti ndangokanda pamwamba pa mutu womvetsetsa. Ndi magawo ena ati omvetsetsa omwe mwapeza pazaka zomwe mukugwira ntchito ndi ma code? Ndi zisankho ziti zomwe mudapanga zomwe zidakhudza ubwino wa code ndi kugwiritsa ntchito? Kodi ndi zosankha ziti zimene zinakhala zolakwika ndipo zinakuphunzitsani phunziro lofunika? Gawani zomwe mwakumana nazo mu ndemanga.
Source: www.habr.com