Bungwe la US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) linalengeza opambana pa mpikisano wa cryptographic algorithms omwe amatsutsana ndi kusankha pakompyuta ya quantum. Mpikisanowu unakonzedwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo ndipo cholinga chake ndi kusankha ma algorithms a post-quantum cryptography oyenera kusankhidwa ngati miyezo. Pampikisanowu, ma algorithms opangidwa ndi magulu ofufuza apadziko lonse lapansi adaphunziridwa ndi akatswiri odziyimira pawokha pazowopsa ndi zofooka zomwe zingatheke.
Wopambana pakati pa ma aligorivimu apadziko lonse lapansi omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuteteza kufalikira kwa chidziwitso pamakompyuta anali CRYSTALS-Kyber, omwe mphamvu zake ndizocheperako makiyi komanso liwiro lalikulu. CRYSTALS-Kyber akulimbikitsidwa kusamutsidwa ku gulu la miyezo. Kuphatikiza pa CRYSTALS-Kyber, ma aligorivimu enanso anayi adziwika - BIKE, Classic McEliece, HQC ndi SIKE, omwe amafunikira kupititsa patsogolo. Olemba ma aligorivimuwa ali ndi mwayi mpaka pa October 1 kuti asinthe ndondomekoyi ndikuchotsa zofooka zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, pambuyo pake akhoza kuphatikizidwanso mu omaliza.
Pakati pa ma algorithms omwe cholinga chake ndi kugwira ntchito ndi siginecha ya digito, CRYSTALS-Dilithium, FALCON ndi SPHINCS + akuwunikira. Ma algorithms a CRYSTALS-Dilithium ndi FALCON ndiwothandiza kwambiri. CRYSTALS-Dilithium ikulimbikitsidwa ngati njira yoyamba yosinthira ma signature a digito, ndipo FALCON imayang'ana mayankho omwe amafunikira siginecha yaying'ono. SPHINCS + imatsalira kumbuyo kwa ma aligorivimu awiri oyambilira potengera kukula ndi liwiro la siginecha, koma imaphatikizidwa pakati pa omaliza ngati njira yosunga zobwezeretsera, popeza idakhazikitsidwa pamasamu osiyanasiyana.
Makamaka, ma aligorivimu a CRYSTALS-Kyber, CRYSTALS-Dilithium ndi FALCON amagwiritsa ntchito njira za cryptography potengera kuthetsa mavuto amalingaliro a lattice, nthawi yothetsera yomwe simasiyana pamakompyuta wamba komanso kuchuluka. SPHINCS + aligorivimu imagwiritsa ntchito njira za hash-based cryptography.
Ma aligorivimu apadziko lonse omwe atsala kuti apite patsogolo amatengeranso mfundo zina - BIKE ndi HQC amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo za algebraic coding theory ndi linear code, zomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza zolakwika. NIST ikufuna kupititsa patsogolo imodzi mwama algorithms awa kuti ipereke njira ina yosankhidwa kale ya CRYSTALS-Kyber algorithm, yotengera chiphunzitso cha lattice. Algorithm ya SIKE idakhazikitsidwa pakugwiritsa ntchito supersingular isogeny (yozungulira mu supersingular isogeny graph) ndipo imawonedwanso ngati woyenera kuyimilira, popeza ili ndi fungulo laling'ono kwambiri. Classic McEliece algorithm ili m'gulu la omaliza, koma sikhala yokhazikika chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu kwa kiyi ya anthu.
Kufunika kokhazikitsa ndikukhazikitsa ma crypto-algorithms atsopano ndi chifukwa chakuti makompyuta a quantum, omwe akhala akukula mwachangu posachedwapa, amathetsa mavuto a kuwonongeka kwa chiwerengero cha chilengedwe kukhala zinthu zazikulu (RSA, DSA) ndi discrete logarithm ya elliptic curve points. ECDSA), yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ma asymmetric encryption algorithms. Pakali pano chitukuko, luso la makompyuta a quantum silinakwanire kusokoneza ma aligorivimu akale akale komanso siginecha ya digito kutengera makiyi aboma, monga ECDSA, koma akuganiza kuti zinthu zitha kusintha mkati mwa zaka 10 ndipo ndikofunikira. kukonzekera maziko posamutsa cryptosystems kwa mfundo zatsopano.
Source: opennet.ru