Bungwe la National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) la US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) lalengeza omwe apambana pampikisano wake wopanga ma algorithms osagwirizana ndi quantum-resistant cryptographic. Mpikisanowu, womwe unakhazikitsidwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo, cholinga chake ndi kusankha ma algorithms a post-quantum cryptography oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati miyezo. Pampikisanowu, ma algorithms opangidwa ndi magulu ofufuza apadziko lonse lapansi adawunikiridwa ndi akatswiri odziyimira pawokha pazowopsa komanso zofooka zomwe zingachitike.
CRYSTALS-Kyber, yemwe mphamvu zake zimaphatikizira makiyi ang'onoang'ono komanso kuthamanga kwambiri, adasankhidwa kukhala wopambana pakati pa ma aligorivimu acholinga chonse omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuteteza kufalitsa uthenga pamakompyuta. CRYSTALS-Kyber akulimbikitsidwa kutengedwa ngati muyezo. Kuphatikiza pa CRYSTALS-Kyber, ma algorithms ena anayi ofunikira - BIKE, Classic McEliece, HQC, ndi SIKE-adziwika kuti akufunika kupititsa patsogolo. Olemba ma aligorivimuwa ali ndi mpaka pa Okutobala 1 kuti asinthe mawonekedwe awo ndikuwongolera zofooka zawo, pambuyo pake akhoza kuphatikizidwanso pakati pa omaliza.
Pakati pa ma algorithms opangidwa kuti azisainira digito, CRYSTALS-Dilithium, FALCON, ndi SPHINCS + adasankhidwa. CRYSTALS-Dilithium ndi FALCON ndizothandiza kwambiri. CRYSTALS-Dilithium ikulimbikitsidwa ngati njira yoyamba yosinthira ma signature a digito, pomwe FALCON imayang'ana mayankho omwe amafunikira siginecha yaying'ono. SPHINCS + imatsalira kumbuyo kwa ma aligorivimu awiri oyamba mu kukula ndi liwiro la siginecha, koma imasungidwa ngati yomaliza ngati njira yosunga zobwezeretsera, chifukwa imachokera pamasamu osiyanasiyana.
Makamaka, ma algorithms a CRYSTALS-Kyber, CRYSTALS-Dilithium, ndi FALCON amagwiritsa ntchito njira za cryptographic pothana ndi zovuta za lattice-theoretic, nthawi yothetsera yomwe ili yofanana pamakompyuta wamba komanso kuchuluka. SPHINCS+ aligorivimu amagwiritsa ntchito njira zachinsinsi potengera ntchito za hashi.
Ma algorithms acholinga chambiri omwe amasungidwa kuti apititse patsogolo amatengeranso mfundo zosiyanasiyana: BIKE ndi HQC amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo za algebraic coding theory ndi linear code, zomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza zolakwika. NIST ikufuna kupititsa patsogolo imodzi mwama algorithms awa kuti ipereke njira ina yosankhidwa kale ya CRYSTALS-Kyber algorithm, yotengera chiphunzitso cha lattice. Algorithm ya SIKE idakhazikitsidwa pa supersingular isogeny (yozungulira mu supersingular isogenous graph) ndipo imaganiziridwanso kuti ikhale yokhazikika chifukwa cha kukula kwake kocheperako. Classic McEliece algorithm ili m'gulu la omaliza, koma sikhalabe yofanana chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu kwachinsinsi.
Kufunika kokhazikitsa ndikukhazikitsa ma aligorivimu atsopano a cryptographic kumachokera ku mfundo yakuti makompyuta a quantum, omwe akukula mofulumira m'zaka zaposachedwa, akufulumira kwambiri kuthetsa mavuto monga prime factorization (RSA, DSA) ndi elliptic curve discrete logarithm (ECDSA), yomwe imapanga maziko amakono asymmetric public-key encryption algorithms ndi osadziwika bwino. Pakali pano, makompyuta a quantum sanathebe kusokoneza ma aligorivimu achinsinsi achinsinsi komanso ma signature a digito, monga ECDSA. Komabe, izi zikuyembekezeka kusintha mkati mwa zaka 10, ndipo ndikofunikira kukonzekera maziko osunthira ma cryptosystems kupita ku miyezo yatsopano.
Source: opennet.ru
