Pulogalamu ya LGA2066 ndi mapurosesa a banja la Skylake-X adayambitsidwa ndi Intel kuposa chaka ndi theka chapitacho. Poyambirira, yankho ili linali loyang'aniridwa ndi kampani yomwe ili pagawo la HEDT, ndiko kuti, pamakina apamwamba kwambiri a ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amapanga ndi kukonza zomwe zili, chifukwa Skylake-X inali ndi chiwerengero chokulirapo cha makina apakompyuta poyerekeza ndi oimira nthawi zonse a Kaby. Mabanja a Lake ndi Coffee Lake.
Komabe, munthawi yomwe yadutsa kuchokera pomwe Skylake-X idakhazikitsidwa, mawonekedwe pamsika wa processor asintha kwambiri, ndipo lero ma CPU otsika mtengo amatha kukhala ndi ma cores asanu ndi limodzi kapena asanu ndi atatu, ndikulonjeza ma CPU apamwamba, omwe akuyenera kutulutsidwa mkati. chaka chino, akhoza kukhala khumi kapena khumi ndi awiri cores. Kodi izi zimapangitsa Skylake-X kukhala chip wopanda pake? Mosakayika ayi. Choyamba, pakati pa oimira mndandandawu pali zoperekedwa ndi 16 ndi 18 cores, ndipo sipadzakhalanso zosankha zambiri monga iwo pamsika posachedwa. Kachiwiri, nsanja ya LGA2066 ili ndi maubwino ena omwe amasiyanitsa ndi ma processor anthawi zonse ogula, monga kukwera pamakina okumbukira komanso mayendedwe a PCI Express omwe amapezeka.
Chifukwa chake, zosintha zodzikongoletsera za Skylake-X lineup, zomwe chimphona cha microprocessor chinachita kumapeto kwa chaka chatha, zimawoneka zomveka - zimagwirizana bwino ndi ndondomeko yolengeza ya pachaka ya Intel. Komabe, malingaliro a wopanga pazogulitsa zake zatsopano za HEDT anali odabwitsa pang'ono: kampaniyo sinangosintha mitengo, komanso idakana kupereka zitsanzo za mapurosesa ku atolankhani a IT, ndikungopanga chiwonetsero chokhazikika komanso kuyambika kwa malonda. .
Zikuwoneka kuti kampaniyo idawona kuti Skylake-X yatsopanoyo ndi yachiwiri komanso yosasangalatsa, koma sitigwirizana ndi izi. Inde, chiwerengero cha ma cores a computing kwa oimira mtundu uwu sichinachuluke panthawi yokonzanso. Komabe, amaphatikizanso zosintha zina zosangalatsa: zatsopano zawonjezera liwiro la wotchi, kuchuluka kwa cache L3, komanso mawonekedwe otenthetsera amkati. Chifukwa chake, tidasankhabe kulabadira kusinthidwa kwa Skylake-X, komwe tidathandizidwa kwambiri ndi sitolo yamakompyuta ya Regard, yomwe idavomera kuti ipereke mapurosesa atsopano a LGA2066 khumi-core kuti afufuze: Core i9-9820X ndi Core i9-9900X.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuyambira pomwe chilengezo cha Skylake-X Refresh, tidadabwa ndi funso: chifukwa chiyani Intel idasankha dzina mosokoneza lofanana ndi lodziwika bwino la Core i9-9900K la purosesa yakale ya HEDT yazaka khumi? Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Ndipo tsopano tili ndi mwayi woti timvetsetse ...
Skylake-X Refresh range
Intel idalengeza za mawonekedwe a mapurosesa atsopano a LGA2066 okhala ndi manambala achitsanzo kuchokera pamndandanda wachisanu ndi chinayi mu Okutobala chaka chatha. Zatsopanozi zikuphatikiza mitundu isanu ndi iwiri: mapurosesa asanu ndi limodzi a Core i9 okhala ndi ma cores angapo kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 18 ndi mtundu wa Core i7 wamitundu isanu ndi itatu, yolowera mokhazikika. Palibe ma processor a 2066-core kapena quad-core a LGA1151 mumbadwo watsopano, zomwe sizodabwitsa chifukwa cha kukula kwamphamvu kwa LGA2vXNUMX nsanja.
| Cores / ulusi | Base frequency, GHz | Turbo frequency, GHz | L3 cache, MB | chikumbukiro | TDP, W | mtengo | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chuma i9-9980XE | 18/36 | 3,0 | 4,5 | 24,75 | DDR4-2666 | 165 | $ 1 979 |
| Chuma i9-9960X | 16/32 | 3,1 | 4,5 | 22,0 | DDR4-2666 | 165 | $ 1 684 |
| Chuma i9-9940X | 14/28 | 3,3 | 4,5 | 19,25 | DDR4-2666 | 165 | $ 1 387 |
| Chuma i9-9920X | 12/24 | 3,5 | 4,5 | 19,25 | DDR4-2666 | 165 | $ 1 189 |
| Chuma i9-9900X | 10/20 | 3,5 | 4,5 | 19,25 | DDR4-2666 | 165 | $989 |
| Chuma i9-9820X | 10/20 | 3,3 | 4,2 | 16,5 | DDR4-2666 | 165 | $889 |
| Chuma i7-9800X | 8/16 | 3,8 | 4,5 | 16,5 | DDR4-2666 | 165 | $589 |
Kusintha kowoneka bwino kwa mapurosesa omwe adalembedwa patebulo, poyerekeza ndi mitundu yam'mbuyomu ya Skylake-X 200, kunali kuwonjezeka kwa liwiro la wotchi. Ma frequency odziwika awonjezeka ndi 600-200 MHz, ndipo ma frequency omwe amakwaniritsidwa akayatsidwa ma turbo mode awonjezeka ndi 300-1,375 MHz. Kuphatikiza apo, oimira ang'onoang'ono a mndandandawo awonjezera kuchuluka kwa kukumbukira kwa cache chachitatu. M'mbuyomu, idawerengedwa kutengera lamulo la "2 MB pachimake," koma tsopano pachimake chilichonse chikhoza kukhala ndi cache pafupifupi 7 MB. Ndipo pomaliza, wolamulira wa PCI Express wa Core i9800-44X wa eyiti-core Core i10-XNUMXX adatsegulidwa kwathunthu, chifukwa purosesa iyi ili ndi misewu yonse XNUMX, yomwe m'mbuyomu idangopezeka m'mapurosesa okhala ndi ma cores XNUMX kapena kupitilira apo.
Komabe, kusintha kosangalatsa kumeneku kunaphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa kutentha. Ngakhale m'badwo woyamba wa Skylake-X unali ndi phukusi lotentha lochepera 140 W, mapurosesa atsopano amawonjezera mawonekedwe a TDP mpaka 165 W. Mwanjira ina, pakuwonjezeka kwa ma frequency omwe amaperekedwa kwa mapurosesa atsopano popanda kusintha kofunikira muukadaulo wa 14-nm womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, muyenera kulipira ndi mphamvu zowonjezera komanso malire amafuta.
Zowona, Intel mwiniyo amati kukhazikitsidwa kwa mtundu wachitatu waukadaulo wopanga, code-otchedwa 14 ++ nm, yomwe tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ma processor a Coffee Lake ndi Coffee Lake Refresh, idapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke mawonekedwe a liwiro. Ndipo ngati sichoncho, kutentha kwa kutentha kungakhale kokwera kwambiri. Koma palibe chifukwa choopera kuti Skylake-X yatsopano ikhoza kutenthedwa. Zowoneka bwino za mawonekedwe otenthetsera pansi pa chivundikiro chogawa kutentha ziyenera kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mapurosesa atsopano. Malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale polima matenthedwe phala adatengedwa ndi solder ndi mwachiwonekere apamwamba matenthedwe madutsidwe.
Koma zonse zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa ndi nsonga chabe ya madzi oundana. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kusintha kwamafotokozedwe, ndipo makamaka kuwonjezeka kwa voliyumu ya cache yachitatu kukumbukira, kumakhala ndi maziko osayembekezeka. Tsopano, kuti apange mapurosesa a HEDT, Intel yayamba kugwiritsa ntchito makristalo a semiconductor omwe amasiyana pang'ono ndi tanthauzo.
Izi zikutanthauza izi: Mapurosesa a HEDT nthawi zonse akhala amitundu yamitundu yama seva. Mwachikhalidwe, Intel adatenga zosintha zazing'ono za Xeon, adasinthira zowongolera kukumbukira ndi mawonekedwe ena, ndikuwasamutsira kumalo apakompyuta. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pamene Intel inapanga makina ake a seva: LCC (Low Core Count) yokhala ndi 10 cores, HCC (High Core Count) yokhala ndi 18 cores ndi XCC (eXtreme Core Count) yokhala ndi ma cores 28, pakompyuta. Ma processor a HEDT amaphatikiza mitundu yosavuta kwambiri yamakristali. Chifukwa chake, mapurosesa a Skylake-X a m'badwo woyamba okhala ndi 6, 8 ndi 10 cores adagwiritsa ntchito kristalo wa LCC, ndipo zosinthidwa ndi 12, 14, 16 ndi 18 cores zidagwiritsa ntchito kristalo wa HCC.
Mu Skylake-X yosinthidwa, yomwe tikukamba lero, mtundu wapansi wa LCC crystal sugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Mapurosesa onse atsopano a HEDT a mndandanda wa zikwi zisanu ndi zinayi, kuphatikiza mitundu isanu ndi itatu ndi khumi, amachokera ku kristalo wa HCC. Ndiye kuti, ngakhale Core i7-9800X kapena Core i9-9900X mwina ili ndi ma cores 18, koma gawo lalikulu laiwo limatsekedwa mu hardware popanga.
Chisankho ichi, chodabwitsa poyang'ana koyamba, chinapangidwa ndendende kuti chiwonjezere kuchuluka kwa kukumbukira kwa cache mu mapurosesa atsopano. Mapangidwe amkati a Skylake-X amalingalira kuti pakompyuta iliyonse imapatsidwa gawo la kukumbukira kwa cache ndi voliyumu ya 1,375 MB. Ndipo ngati Core i9-9900X yomweyo ikadagwiritsa ntchito kristalo yotsika ya LCC, purosesayi sakadapeza zoposa 13,75 MB ya L3 cache. Kufa kwakukulu kwa HCC kumakhala kosavuta pankhaniyi, kumakhala ndi 24,75 MB ya cache, ndipo voliyumu yowonjezerekayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono mu mapurosesa asanu ndi atatu ndi khumi a mafunde atsopano.
Chotsatira chake, onse a Skylake-X adakhala ogwirizana pamapangidwe, koma choyipa cha mgwirizanowu chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa semiconductor kufa ndi dera la 485 mm2, lomwe ndi lalikulu kuwirikiza kawiri ndi theka kuposa. dera lakufa lachisanu ndi chitatu la Coffee Lake Refresh. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mapurosesa aliwonse a LGA2066 pamndandanda wachisanu ndi chinayi ali ndi mtengo wokwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi Core i9-9900K yomweyo. Koma ngakhale izi, Core i9-9800X yamitundu isanu ndi itatu pamndandanda wamitengo yovomerezeka imangokhala $100 kuposa Core i9-9900K. Choncho, n'zomveka kuganiza kuti kupanga mapurosesa asanu ndi atatu ndi khumi-core processors zochokera 18-pachimake makhiristo akadali nzeru zina zachuma Intel, mwachitsanzo, kampani imagwiritsa ntchito mwayi umenewu kugulitsa semiconductor makhiristo ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha kupanga. zolakwika, zomwe mpaka pano sanathe kupeza ntchito yoyenera.
Zambiri za Core i9-9900X ndi Core i9-9820X
Poyesa, tidatenga ma processor awiri a "New wave" - ββCore i9-9900X ndi Core i9-9820X. Ngakhale ma CPU awa asamukira ku kristalo watsopano wa HCC, sanasinthe kwambiri poyerekeza ndi Core i9-7900X. Nthawi zambiri, potulutsa mibadwo yachiwiri ya mapurosesa amitundu yam'mbuyomu ya HEDT nsanja, Intel idawasamutsira ku kachipangizo kakang'ono katsopano, koma izi sizinachitike. Zosinthazo zidangokhudza magawo a manambala okha, koma mwaluso mu mawonekedwe a Core i9-9900X ndi Core i9-9820X ββtili ndi zomwe zidaperekedwa ndi Core i9-7900X ya 2017.
Koma m'badwo wachiwiri wa Skylake-X ulibe zovuta zofananira: zimagwira ntchito bwino pama board a ma LGA2066 omwe alipo potengera Intel X299 system logic. Monga omwe adawatsogolera, ali ndi chowongolera kukumbukira cha DDR4 chanjira zinayi, ndipo wowongolera wa PCI Express 3.0 womangidwa amathandizira misewu 44, yomwe mwalingaliro imatha kugawidwa m'magulu angapo - kuyambira atatu mpaka khumi ndi limodzi.
Komabe, kristalo ya HCC semiconductor yomwe ili pansi pa Core i9-9900X ndi Core i9-9820X ββndiyosiyana pang'ono ndi makhiristo omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Skylake-X yakale kale. Ngakhale mayendedwe okhazikika adasunga nambala ya M0, yomwe inali yofananira ndi Skylake-X yokhala ndi ma cores opitilira 12, Intel tsopano idayamba kugwiritsa ntchito masks osinthidwa a lithographic popanga chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito 14++ nm okhwima. ukadaulo waukadaulo m'malo mwaukadaulo wakale wa 14+ nm. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa matekinoloje ndi phula lokulirapo pang'ono pakati pa zipata za transistor, zomwe, monga tawonera kale ndi Coffee Lake, zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pamafupipafupi.
Pamlingo wa microarchitecture, palibe kusintha konse. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti mapurosesa atsopano a Skylake-X Refresh sanaphatikizepo zokonzekera zilizonse za hardware kuti athane ndi zovuta za Meltdown ndi Specter. Ndipo izi ndizodabwitsa kwambiri chifukwa chakuti muzinthu zofanana za Coffee Lake Refresh, zomwe zinatulutsidwa nthawi yomweyo, zigamba zina zinali zitawonekera kale. Mwachitsanzo, mapurosesa amakono a LGA1151v2 amatetezedwa ku Meltdown (Variant 3) ndi L1TF (Variant 5) pamlingo wa hardware.
Koma sichoncho ngakhale chinthu chokhumudwitsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chachikulu chokhumudwitsidwa ndi kusowa kwa kusintha kulikonse mu chiwembu chophatikiza zigawo za purosesa kukhala chinthu chimodzi. Skylake-X Refresh ikupitilizabe kugwiritsa ntchito netiweki ya mesh-to-peer yomwe ili pamwamba pamitundu yambiri yama processor cores. Dongosolo lolumikizirana lapakati-pakatili limagwira ntchito bwino ndikuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa ma cores mu ma processor a seva, koma pazinthu za HEDT zomwe zili ndi ma cores osakhala okwera kwambiri ndizoyenera kwambiri mabasi a mphete zachikhalidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchepeko kuchuluke kwambiri. . Njira imodzi yothanirana ndi izi zitha kukhala kufulumizitsa kulumikizana kwa Mesh, koma apa zonse zimakhalabe chimodzimodzi. Mafupipafupi ogwiritsira ntchito zolumikizira mu Skylake-X zam'mbuyomu komanso zamakono zakhazikitsidwa pa 2,4 GHz, kotero chosungira cha L3 ndi chowongolera kukumbukira cha mapurosesa a LGA2066 ali ndi latency yoyipa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi Coffee Lake Refresh yayikulu. Zowona, izi zimalipidwa pang'ono ndi cache yachiwiri yomwe yakulitsidwa, yomwe mu Skylake-X ili ndi voliyumu ya 1 MB pachimake, osati kuchepera kanayi.
Zonsezi zitha kuwonetsedwa mosavuta ndi graph ya latency ya memory subsystem ya m'badwo waposachedwa wa Skylake-X processors poyerekeza ndi Coffee Lake Refresh. Zikuwonetsa bwino kusowa kwa kusintha kwa latency ya ma processor atsopano a HEDT.
Koma mapurosesa atsopano khumi amatha kudzitamandira kupita patsogolo kwa liwiro la wotchi komanso kukula kwa kukumbukira kwa cache. Mwachitsanzo, Core i9-9900X ili ndi cache ya L3 yovutitsidwa ya 19,25 MB, yomwe ndi 40% yokulirapo kuposa kukula kwa cache mu purosesa yapakatikati khumi, Core i9-7900X. Mafupipafupi m'munsi mwa chitsanzo chatsopano chawonjezeka kuchokera ku 3,3 mpaka 3,5 GHz, koma maulendo apamwamba a Core i9-9900X mu turbo mode amatha kufika pa 4,5 GHz yomwe inalipo kwa purosesa ya khumi ya m'badwo wapitawo. Muzochitika zonsezi, kufika 4,5 GHz kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito teknoloji ya Turbo Boost Max 3.0; ndi chikhalidwe cha turbo mode, maulendo apamwamba a Core i9-9900X ndi 4,4 GHz.
Komabe, pochita zinthu zomwe zimachitika ndi ma frequency a Core i9-9900X ndizosiyana. Pamene ma cores onse adzaza, purosesa imagwira ntchito pa 4,1 GHz.
Ngati katunduyu akugwiritsa ntchito malangizo a AVX, ma frequency purosesa amachepetsedwa kukhala 3,8 GHz.
Ndipo malangizo owonjezera kwambiri a 512-bit kuchokera ku seti yatsopano ya AVX-512, yodzaza ndi ma cores onse, amakakamiza purosesa kuti achedwetse mpaka 3,4 GHz, yomwe, ziyenera kuzindikirika, ndiyotsika kwambiri kuposa ma frequency omwe amalengezedwa. mu specifications.
Ngati tilankhula za Core i9-9820X ββya Core i16,5-XNUMXX, yomwe ndi sitepe imodzi yotsika, imasiyana ndi mchimwene wake wamkulu makamaka pa chiwerengero cha kukumbukira cache chachitatu, chomwe chimadulidwa ku XNUMX MB. Ma frequency ovotera nawonso ndi otsika pang'ono, koma tisaiwale kuti ma processor onse a Intel HEDT ali ndi zochulukitsa zaulere, zomwe zipangitsa kuti okonda kunyalanyaza izi.
Komabe, ma frequency odziwika a Core i9-9820X ββndi 3,3 GHz, ndipo ma frequency apamwamba mu turbo mode ndi 4,1 kapena 4,2 GHz, kutengera ngati tikukamba zaukadaulo wa Turbo Boost 2.0 kapena Turbo Boost Max 3.0.
M'malo mwake, mukamagwiritsa ntchito purosesa yokhala ndi zoikamo zokhazikika ndikunyamula pama cores onse, Core i9-9820X ββimatha kugwira ntchito pafupipafupi 4,0 GHz.
Ngati katunduyo akugwiritsa ntchito malangizo a AVX, purosesa imachepetsa maulendo ogwiritsira ntchito ku 3,8 GHz.
Ndipo mumayendedwe a AVX-512, ma frequency a Core i9-9820X ββββamatsika mpaka mtengo wake wa 3,3 GHz.
Kulankhula za momwe mapurosesa khumi a LGA2066 ali abwinoko kuposa Core i9-7900X yakale, sitingalephere kukumbukira kusinthako kogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe otenthetsera mkati mwawo. Chophimba chotenthetsera kutentha tsopano chagulitsidwa ku kufa mofanana ndi Coffee Lake Refresh. Intel ikunena kuti chifukwa cha izi, mapurosesa atsopanowo amazizidwa bwino kwambiri ndipo amagwira ntchito pamatenthedwe otsika, koma pali machenjezo awiri. Choyamba, Intel amagwiritsa ntchito solder sichidziwika kwambiri pakati pa ma overclockers, chifukwa sichigwira ntchito bwino kuposa zitsulo zamadzimadzi. Ndipo chachiwiri, tsopano njira ya scalping sikutheka kwa ambiri okonda: zakhala zovuta kuchotsa chivundikirocho popanda kuwononga purosesa, kotero ndizovuta kwambiri kusintha mawonekedwe omwe alipo.
Kuti titsirize nkhani ya mawonekedwe a Core i9-9900X ndi Core i9-9820X, ndikofunikira kutchula mitengo. Apa, Intel sanawonetse malingaliro aliwonse ndikuyika mtengo wazaka khumi za Core i9-9900X pa $989 yomweyo yomwe idapempha purosesa ya Core i9-7900X ya m'badwo wakale. Koma Core i9-9820X ββββimawononga $ 100 zochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yosangalatsa kwambiri kwa okonda, chifukwa 15% yaing'ono ya L3 cache sichingakhale ndi vuto lililonse pakugwira ntchito, komanso kuthamanga kwa wotchi kwa okonda zenizeni zenizeni. alibe matanthauzo.
Source: 3dnews.ru
