Kubadwa kwa nthano
Zakale, banja la Microsoft Windows lakhala njira yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi. Ukulu wa makina ogwiritsira ntchito amodzi adadziwidwiratu kale. Soviet Union ikadapanda kugwa chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90s m'zaka zapitazi, njira yosiyana kotheratu ikadakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa 1/6 ya mtunda ndi malo ena ambiri. Mutha kuchita nthabwala za Cheburnet kwa nthawi yayitali, koma kwamphamvu iliyonse pulogalamu yake ndiyofunikira pachitetezo cha dziko. Koma izo siziri za izo tsopano.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa Microsoft, Bill Gates, adapezeka pachimake cha "Big Bang" ndi mapulogalamu ake. Zochitika zamwayi, luso komanso kuthekera kochita bizinesi mosiyanasiyana (ndipo palibe amene amati onse anali amakhalidwe abwino kuchokera kwa munthu wamba) zidamupanga kukhala m'modzi mwa anthu olemera kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndipo pagulu, zomwe ndizofunikanso. Koma ndi anthu ochepa chabe amene amakonda anthu olemera komanso opezeka pagulu. Kuphatikiza apo, makina ogwiritsira ntchito a Windows, monga chinthu chachikulu, chovuta komanso chotukuka kwambiri, chapereka ndipo chikupitilizabe kupereka zodabwitsa zambiri zosasangalatsa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
Koma uwunso si mutu wa zokambirana zamasiku ano. Zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira lero ndikuti Gates adalemeradi kuchokera kudziko lapansi. Lowani mthumba la aliyense! Ndipo izi sizingatheke kukhala kukokomeza kwambiri. Ngakhale mutatseka maso anu kuti Windows yokha sinakhalepo yaulere, kuyambira kumapeto kwa 2011, Microsoft idayamba kutolera ndalama zololeza, makamaka, kuchokera kwa opanga mafoni ndi mapiritsi omwe akuyendetsa Android. Mwachitsanzo, mchaka cha 2014 chokha, Microsoft idapeza $3,4 biliyoni pamatenti a Android.Ndiko kuti, anthu mosalunjika, koma nthawi zonse amapereka ndalama zambiri ku Microsoft ndi Gates.
Zowona, mu 2018 kampaniyo idapanga zovomerezeka pa Android ndipo anasiya kulandira malipiro oti agwiritse ntchito. Koma ichi ndi lingaliro lowopsa - munali mu 2018 pomwe Microsoft idalowa momasuka komanso motsimikiza mu "Open source": idagula GitHub, idalowa m'bungwe kuti iteteze ku ma patent troll, ndi zina zotero. Kampaniyo inaganiza momveka bwino kuti mapulojekiti otsegula adzafikira anthu ambiri. Kodi iyi si njira yopita ku ulamuliro wa dziko? Kodi mukuwona momwe zonse zimayendera limodzi?
Zomwe zidachitika posachedwa. Pakati pa Marichi chaka chino, patangotha maola ochepa Purezidenti Trump atalengeza zadzidzidzi ku United States chifukwa cha mliri wa coronavirus, Gates mosayembekezereka adalengeza kuti wasiya ntchito ku bungwe la oyang'anira Microsoft. Zochitika zonsezi, zaka zambiri zantchito zachifundo ndikugogomezera kulimbana ndi miliri, kuphatikiza malo a mtsogoleri wa "golide mabiliyoni" odziwika bwino adachita nthabwala zosasangalatsa pakuwona umunthu wa Bill Gates. Nzika zambiri zinayamba kumuchitira iye, chifundo chake, kutchuka kwake, maganizo ake pa makompyuta onse, etc., etc. ndi kukayikira kowonjezereka. Kuphatikiza apo, Gates adayimbidwa mlandu woyambitsa mliri wa coronavirus, mapulani a chipization komanso kuwononga anthu ambiri.
M'malo mwake, adayamba kutsutsa Bill Gates za mapulani achinyengo kalekale, osati pakali pano, monga, mwachitsanzo, pankhani ya mawu osangalatsa a Nikita Mikhalkov. Zonsezi ndichifukwa chakuti Gates, ndi ndalama zake ndi kugwirizana kwake, adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mutu wa mankhwala ndipo, makamaka, pamutu wa katemera. Ndipo izi zimagwirizana bwino ndi machitidwe ake abizinesi - kufikira aliyense. Kodi adadutsa njira ya wina? Inde, ndasuntha. Kodi izi zimapindulitsa anthu wamba? Inde, ndatero. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zina, anthu 1,5 miliyoni, makamaka ana, amamwalira chaka chilichonse chifukwa chosowa katemera. Izi ndizoperekedwa komanso zomvetsa chisoni, koma ndizotheka komanso zofunikira kuti zithandizire.
Simuyenera kukhala ndi malingaliro oti izi zikuchitika kwinakwake ku Africa. Chitsanzo cha kufalikira kwa chikuku ku Ulaya chaka chatha chikunena, ndipo kudalirana kwa mayiko kumasonyeza kuti pakalibe katemera kapena katemera, mliri ndi nkhani ya nthawi. Ndiye kodi ndizodabwitsa kuti Gates wanena poyera kuti mliri womwe ukuwopseza kupulumuka kwa anthu ukhala vuto lalikulu kuposa nkhondo yanyukiliya? Mwina amangodziwa zomwe zikuchitika pazachipatala zaku America ndipo amafuna kuyankhula za izi zisanavumbulutsidwe zenizeni ndi mliri wa coronavirus. Komabe, m’maiko ena, kupatulapo ochepa, zinthu sizinali bwino, ndipo mwachionekere vutolo silinathe kuthetsedwa.
Chifukwa chake, ntchito za Bill Gates kunja kwa makoma a Microsoft mwina zimachokera pazokonda ziwiri nthawi imodzi: kupulumuka kwa munthu monga zamoyo zamoyo ndi ndalama (mochulukirapo, zothandizira pa moyo ndi ntchito). Imodzi imalumikizana mosagwirizana ndi ina. Bill Gates atha kukhala woona mtima m'chikhumbo chake chopulumutsa miyoyo (bwanji?), Koma izi sizimamulepheretsa kukhala wamalonda ndikupanga mapulani okulitsa, kaya ndi wokonda dziko kapena wokonda dziko lonse lapansi. Chodziwika bwino cha umunthu wa Gates ndikuti adakhala munthu pamlingo wapadziko lapansi, zomwe zidamupangitsa kukhala chandamale chandalama zachiwembu zomwe zimatifikitsa ku lingaliro la nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, chimodzi mwazosintha zaposachedwa za chiphunzitso cha chiwembu chokhudza Bill Gates, chomwe kumapeto kwa Epulo. "Channel One" imadzudzula Gates kuti akutenga nawo mbali pachiwembu chapadziko lonse lapansi ndi cholinga chofuna kuwononga pafupifupi anthu onse kupatula "mabiliyoni agolide", kapena kusokoneza nzika kuti ziwalamulire ndi boma la "dziko". Kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, mliriwu ndi chifukwa chabe kapena chodzinenera, kapenanso chodabwitsa chomwe chinayambitsa, kuti akwaniritse zolinga zachinyengo zomwe zafika patali.
Nikita Sergeevich Mikhalkov anawonjezera moto pa nkhani yonseyi. Kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, pakuwulutsa kwake pafupipafupi, adadzudzula Gates poyera kuti akufuna kupha nzika pogwiritsa ntchito kapena mwangozi katemera. Sitingathe kuweruza kupambana kapena kulephera kwa zomangamanga za Bill Gates pamunda wa katemera, koma monga gwero la IT timadziwa chinachake chokhudza "chipping", mwachitsanzo, ndi matekinoloje anji omwe Bill Gates atha kukhala nawo komanso ngati matekinoloje alipo konse.
Chipping practice lero
Ndikoyenera kuyamba ndi mfundo yakuti kwenikweni mchitidwe wa microchipping zamoyo ndi pafupifupi zaka makumi anayi. Ndipo lingaliro lokha silikhalanso zaka zana limodzi kapena chikwi chimodzi. Kuti adziwe katundu, akapolo ndi ziweto ankazitcha chizindikiro. Ngakhale chizindikiro cha mawu mu Chirasha chimakhala ndi tanthauzo loyipa, osasiyapo kuphwanya. Koma izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa anthu. Palibe amene amafunsa nyama - microchipping kwa nthawi yayitali yapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kusunga nkhokwe za chiwerengero ndi thanzi la ziweto komanso kudziwa ziweto modalirika. Mwachitsanzo, yang'anani nthawi ya katemera ndikuchita izo zokha kapena theka-zokha. Ndizosavuta, zodalirika komanso zotsika mtengo.
Chotsatira chake, mtengo wosunga ziweto umachepetsedwa, zomwe zimalola eni ake kuti apeze ndalama zambiri, ndipo msika wa microchipping ndi ntchito zotsatirira zikukulanso, zomwe zimaperekanso mwayi wopeza ndalama, koma kwa anthu ena. Masiku ano, msika wogulitsira nyama ukufikira madola mabiliyoni angapo pachaka.
Kodi ndizotheka ku microchip anthu okhala ndi ma tag a nyama? Ndizotheka, koma kwa dziko kumbuyo kwa zochitika, ziribe kanthu zomwe aliyense akuganiza za izo, palibe nzeru yeniyeni mu izi, ndipo chifukwa chake. Mtundu wamba wa ma tag a wailesi (RFID) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyama zazing'ono ndi kamangidwe kosavuta kokhala ndi cholumikizira chokhala ndi mlongoti ndi kachipangizo kakang'ono ka makumi, nthawi zocheperapo zana kapena kupitilira apo. Chizindikirocho chilibe mphamvu yakeyake ndipo chimachilandira kudzera pawayilesi kuchokera ku sikani ya RFID - zomwe zakhazikitsidwa mu mlongoti wa tag ndi gawo lamagetsi la scanner zimalipira capacitor. Wotsirizirayo amatenga gawo la batire laling'ono pa tag (njirayo yokha ndiyofanana ndi kuyitanitsa opanda zingwe kwa foni yamakono). Kwenikweni, zonsezi zimagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo zomwezo zomwe ma tag amagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza ku kubedwa kwa zinthu pamashelefu a sitolo, maginito opita ku ma turnstiles, ndi zina zotero: palibe matekinoloje apamtunda.
Mawonekedwe owerengera a tag yotere amayambira masentimita angapo mpaka ma decimeter angapo ndipo zimatengera kukula kwa tag ndi mlongoti wake. Mosiyana ndi kutsatsa kwa zipatala zamatenda anyama kuti microchip nyama, ndizosatheka kuwerenga deta kuchokera ku tag yotere kutali, monga momwe sizingatheke kutsatira ndikupeza nyama yotayika ndi chithandizo chake. Nyama imatha kudziwika mwapadera pokhapokha ngati zinthu zitatu zikwaniritsidwa nthawi imodzi: ikagwidwa, wolandirayo ali ndi scanner ya RFID ndipo zambiri za nyamayo (tag) zimalowetsedwa m'malo amodzi otchuka kwambiri.
Mtengo wa tag imodzi yawayilesi pazambiri zambiri umachokera ku masenti 10 mpaka 90, ndipo njira yokhazikitsira chizindikiro chotere mumtundu wamoyo wa chiweto ungawononge pafupifupi ma ruble 2. Mchitidwe wa chipization wokhala ndi ma tag a RFID ukhoza kupangidwa kukhala chodabwitsa kwambiri pamtengo wotsika mtengo. Komabe, pali nuance: ndondomekoyi ikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito syringe ndi singano wandiweyani kwambiri, amene chip amalowetsedwa mu minofu. Sizingatheke kuyankhula za mtundu uliwonse wa kuyambika kwanzeru kwa chilemba - ngati mutayandikira munthu yemwe ali ndi "syringe" yotere, ndi bwino ngati wodwalayo akutsika ndi mantha osavuta komanso osapereka kukana.
Koma tinene kuti china chake choyipa chinachitika - nzikayo idalumikizidwabe ndi tag ya RFID. Kuchuluka komwe kungathe "kusokedwa" m'menemo ndi nambala yosadziwika (nthawi zambiri mpaka zilembo 8), khodi ya dziko ndi chikhomo cha wopanga ma tag. Komabe, sizingatheke kuwerenga zambiri patali. Ndikosathekanso kupeza nzika yotere kuchokera pa satelayiti. Ndizosatheka kusunga ndondomeko yowerengera deta mwachinsinsi. Chilichonse chidzawululidwa nthawi yomweyo anthu omwe ali ndi ma scanner a RFID ayamba kukuyang'anirani pafupipafupi.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kupukuta, komwe kuli ponseponse masiku ano, kumatanthauza chidziwitso chochepa (chizindikiritso mu database) komanso kusokonezeka kwakukulu posonkhanitsa. Kukhazikitsa uku sikuli koyenera chiphunzitso cha chiwembu. Ubwino wa ma tag a RFID osokedwa pansi pakhungu ukhoza kukhala wosiyana. Anthu ena amawapeza njira yabwino yotsegulira maloko amagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa makiyi anthawi zonse kukhala osafunikira. Kapena, mwachitsanzo, angagwiritsidwe ntchito polipira m'sitolo popanda khadi. Koma mu nkhani iyi, wosuta amavomera chipping mwaufulu ndipo, ndithudi, palibe kulankhula za ulamuliro uliwonse pa iye.
Microsoft's "Apocalyptic" Patent
Chimodzi mwazotsutsa za Mikhalkov ndi olankhula m'mbuyomu mokomera mapulani oyipa a Microsoft ndi Bill Gates pawokha anali patent nambala WO/2020/060606. Kunena zowona, iyi ndi ntchito yapatent yapadziko lonse lapansi yolembetsedwa patsamba la WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organisation). Mukayang'ana manambala ofunsira mtsogolo ndi mtsogolo, mutha kudziwa kuti nambala yofunsira WO/2020/060605 ndi ya Microsoft, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito WO/2020/060607 kudaperekedwa ndi Western Digital. Choncho, ndi nambala WO / 2020 / 060606, zosankha ziwiri ndi zotheka: mwina European Freemasons analakwitsa, kapena izi ndizosiyana kwambiri za chiwerengero cha ntchito yeniyeni ya patent ndi "chiwerengero cha mdierekezi" 666. kwa ife kuti chachiwiri chiri pafupi kwambiri ndi chowonadi, makamaka popeza choyambirira "apocalyptic" Patent ya Microsoft idalembetsedwa ku USA chaka chapitacho kuposa ku Geneva, ndipo ili ndi nambala yopanda ndale komanso yopanda tanthauzo 16/138518. Patent udindo komanso nambala yatsopano , Chikalatachi chidalandiridwa pa Marichi 26, 2020. Sitikumvetsetsa komwe "nambala ya mdierekezi" ili. Palibe zisanu ndi chimodzi zakupha mu kuchuluka kofunikira pano kapena apo.
Takonza manambala, tsopano za patent yomwe. Tinakambirana mwatsatanetsatane mu nkhani za . Pakubwereza kwaulere kwa Mikhalkov, patent ya Microsoft "CRYPTOCURRENCY SYSTEM USING BODY ACTIVITY DATA" imaphatikizapo kuphwanya nzika ndikuwalimbikitsa kuchitapo kanthu popereka mphotho mu cryptocurrency. Komabe, kwenikweni, palibe kutchulidwa kamodzi kokha kwa patent. Madivelopa a Microsoft akufuna kujambula zomwe zimachitika mthupi la munthu pogwiritsa ntchito masensa akunja ndi ma scanner. Izi zitha kukhala masensa amafuta (kuyezera kutentha kwa thupi), masensa ojambulira ECG kapena kugunda kwa mtima chabe (kugunda kwa mtima), patha kukhala masikanila ovuta kwambiri a MRI owunikira kuthamanga kwa magazi muubongo kapena masensa owerengera momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito. Koma zonsezi popanda kuyambitsa machitidwe oyezera m'thupi la munthu, ngakhale mawu akuti "ndi njira zina" akhoza kubisa chilichonse. Chachikulu ndichifukwa chake adafunsidwa.
Lingaliro la Microsoft lotsata zochitika za zizindikiro zofunika za wogwiritsa ntchito pochita zinthu zina kutsogolo kwa kompyuta ndikuchotsa kuwerengera kwa hashi muukadaulo wa mining cryptocurrency kapena kuchita ntchito za blockchain. M'malo mowerengera zovuta, dongosololi lidzatenga deta kuchokera ku scanner ponena za zizindikiro zofunika za munthu wamakono ndipo, pogwiritsa ntchito iwo, amapanga code yapadera komanso yosasweka. Uwu ndi mtundu wa siginecha yapadera ya ogwiritsa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, atakhala kutsogolo kwa kompyuta, adawonera zotsatsa, ndipo zizindikiro zake zidalembedwa ndikusokedwa muzochita za blockchain, kapena chipika chatsopano cha cryptocurrency chidapangidwa pamaziko awo. Lingaliro la Microsoft (ndipo ndi lingaliro chabe, sitikulankhula za kukhazikitsa pano) ndikusunga nthawi yamakompyuta ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi, monga magetsi. Zina zonse ndi kungongoganizira chabe.
Alendo amasankha ma anal probes, ndipo anyama amasankha nanotechnology
Nkhani zoseketsa za South Park zidayamba pa Ogasiti 13, 1997, ndi gawo loyendetsa "Cartman and the Anal Probe." Amereka aliyense akudziwa kuti alendo adayika zofufuza zamatako mwa anthu obedwa ndiyeno amawagonjera ku zofuna zawo. Kusankha kwachidziwitso kwa woyendetsa ndege, koma alendo omwe ali mmenemo amagwiritsa ntchito luso lakumbuyo momveka bwino. Kudula kumafuna njira yosamala kwambiri. Kupatula apo, zonse ziyenera kukhala zosawoneka: kuchitidwa mobisa ngati jekeseni wokhazikika kapena kugwiritsa ntchito katemera. Chifukwa chake, Bill Gates, ngati akukonzekera zinthu ngati izi, amayenera kuyika ndalama mu miniaturization. Mukukumbukira mawu ofupikitsa "Wintel"? Nachi!
Intel ndi Microsoft amagwira ntchito limodzi nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, Microsoft yathandizira mobwerezabwereza misonkhano ya Intel, kuphatikizapo zochitika zazikulu monga Intel Developer Forum. Chifukwa chake, pankhani za miniaturization, Microsoft imatha kudalira thandizo la Intel, lomwe lakhala patsogolo pamakampani onse. Koma paukadaulo waukadaulo wa 10nm kapena penapake m'mbuyomu, idayima. Komabe, ngakhale ukadaulo wa Intel's 10nm process, womwe suli wotsogola kwambiri ndi miyezo yamakampani, udapangitsa kuti zitheke kufikitsa kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka transistor - 100,8 miliyoni transistors pa 1 mm2. Ichi ndi pafupifupi chiwerengero chofanana cha transistors monga purosesa Intel Pentium 4 Prescott, amene anaonekera mu 2004. Pali zambiri zomwe mungachite ndi zida zamtunduwu. Zowona, ngati tikulankhula za tchipisi zomwe zimayambitsidwa m'thupi la munthu, ndikofunikirabe kuti muthetse vuto la RAM, mphamvu ya dongosolo, kulumikizana ndi "bwana" ndi njira zowongolera zochita zake.
Mwachiwonekere, kukumbukira chip chopangidwa mwa munthu kuyenera kukhala kosasunthika. Masiku ano, kukumbukira kolimba kwambiri ndi 3D NAND. Tsoka ilo, kuchokera pamalo ena, opanga 3D NAND adasiya kusindikiza deta pa kachulukidwe ka cell pagawo lililonse la chip. Koma ndizokwanira kuti tikhale ndi lingaliro loyerekeza la kuchuluka kwa zomwe tikukamba.
Pa umodzi mwamisonkhano ya IEEE mu 2016, Micron adawulula kuti m'malo a labotale idakwanitsa kuthana ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri: kukwaniritsa kachulukidwe kambiri panthawiyo mu 3D NAND ndikupitilira kujambula kwa maginito maginito a hard drive. Makamaka, pa inchi imodzi ya Micron kufa ma cell okumbukira omwe ali ndi mphamvu zonse za 2,77 Tbit. Pankhani ya 1 mm2, izi ndi 4,29 Gbit kapena 536 MB. Kwa purosesa ya Intel Pentium 4 level, ili siloto lomaliza, koma ndi voliyumu yokwanira yochitira malamulo ndi kusunga deta.
Chifukwa chake, mpaka pano chilichonse chikuwonetsa kuti makina apakompyuta opindulitsa amatha kupangidwa mwa munthu. Pali zambiri zothandizira machitidwe a nthawi yeniyeni.
Wakudya bwino amagwira ntchito bwino
Tiyeni tiyese kupeza zakudya. Mu kachipangizo kakang'ono kamene kamatha kuyikidwa mosadziwika pansi pa khungu kapena minofu ya munthu, mulibe malo a batri. Mphamvu zamagetsi ziyenera kutengedwa kuchokera kwinakwake kunja. Tidzakambirana za magwero omwe angapezeke mphamvu pansipa, koma pakadali pano tikhala ndi nthawi yochepa pakugwiritsa ntchito purosesa yongopeka yopangidwa mwa munthu.
Intel ndi abwenzi ake abwera kutali kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito chip. Zaka zoposa khumi zapitazo, Intel idayamba kupanga njira ndi mapangidwe ozungulira omwe amalola ma transistors kuti azigwira ntchito pama voltages pafupi ndi mtengo. Izi zisanachitike, malingaliro adapangidwa poganizira ma transistor kusintha ma voltages pamwamba pa 1 V. Koma kwa CMOS yodziwika bwino komanso njira za silicon wamba, malire ongoyerekeza a voteji yamagetsi ndi otsika kwambiri, ndi 36 mV. Chifukwa cha kuyesayesa kosalekeza kubweretsa chizolowezi ku chiphunzitso, chowonadi ndi chakuti lero opanga chip amatha kupanga malingaliro ndi ma transistor switching voltages kuchokera 300 mpaka 500 mV.
Inde, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito ya logic ikhoza kuchepetsedwa mwa njira ina ya kukula kwake. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwanso kuti kuchepa kwa magetsi operekera ma transistors kumabweretsa kuwonjezereka kwa zolephera zamalingaliro chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa magawo a transistors panthawi yopanga ndikusintha kwa mawonekedwe awo mothandizidwa ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha. Mwachidule, kutsika kwa magetsi (ndi kugwiritsira ntchito), kumachepetsa kudalirika komanso pang'onopang'ono zonse zimagwira ntchito. Zimatsatiranso kuchokera pa izi kuti chifukwa chodalirika, mudzayenera kupereka nsembe kumlingo wina wa transistors.
Ndiye ndi mitundu yanji yamagwiritsidwe omwe tingakambirane? Tiyeni tiwone chiwonetsero cha Intel pa gawo lakugwa la IDF 2011. Kenako purosesa yodziwika bwino ya 32-nm Claremont (pamamangidwe ofanana ndi Intel P54C) yokhala ndi ma transistors 6 miliyoni pa chip yomwe ili pafupifupi 2 mm2. Lingaliro la purosesa iyi linayamba kugwira ntchito pamagetsi a 380 mV pafupipafupi 10 MHz ndikugwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi 1,5 mW. Munjira yopanda pake, purosesa idalimbana ndi ntchito zosavuta zakumbuyo pamlingo wogwiritsa ntchito 10 mW. 10 mW ndi chiyani? Poyerekeza: chizindikiro chokhazikika cha LED mu chojambulira cha smartphone chimadya mpaka 60 mW, koma cholinga chake ndikupangitsa kuti chiwoneke chokongola. Purosesa yoyesera yotsika mtengo ya Intel Claremont imafuna gwero lamagetsi lomwe limakhala lamphamvu kuwirikiza kasanu ndi kamodzi kuti liyambe.
Poganizira za chitukuko cha zomangamanga, njira zamakono ndi matekinoloje, ndizomveka kuganiza kuti lero n'zotheka kupanga Intel Pentium-level purosesa ndi kumwa pafupifupi 1 mW kapena kutsika. Koma ndi pati m'thupi la munthu tingapeze mphamvu zokhazikika ndi mphamvu ya 1 mW (ndipo zochulukirapo, popeza timafunikiranso kukumbukira, ma radio transmitter ndi mtundu wina wa machitidwe a anthu)? Pali mayankho angapo ku funso ili, koma onsewo sangakhale yankho loyenera.
Selo yaying'ono yoyendera dzuwa - pafupifupi kukula kwa sitampu yayikulu - imatha kupereka mphamvu mpaka 10 mW, monga momwe Intel yawonetsera (onani chithunzi pamwambapa). Koma izi siziri za tchipisi tomwe tayikidwa m'thupi. Mulimonsemo, dongosolo loperekera mphamvu zotere silingachitike mwachinsinsi, ngakhale kuti sikovuta kuligwiritsa ntchito poyera. Zingakhale zothandiza kupatsa mphamvu ma implants a muubongo kuchokera ku solar panel zoikidwa pamutu. Komabe, pankhani ya chipping chongopeka chobisika ngati katemera, njira iyi siyeneradi.
Mphamvu zimathanso kupezeka kuchokera ku vibrate ndi kugwedezeka. Mawotchi am'thumba okhala ndi mawotchi odzipangira okha masika adapangidwa pafupifupi zaka mazana atatu zapitazo. Matekinoloje amakono a microelectromechanical matrix (MEMS) akukonza njira yamagetsi ang'onoang'ono omwe amapanga mphamvu kuchokera ku vibrate. Mu February chaka chino, chimodzi mwazinthu zolimbikitsa zaposachedwa kwambiri pamutuwu chinali French Institute CEA-Leti.
A French apanga tchipisi tomwe timatulutsa magetsi kuchokera ku vibrate ndi kuthekera kopanga kuchokera ku 100 µW mpaka 1 mW. Pang'onopang'ono, izi zitha kukhala zokwanira kupatsa mphamvu chip chosokedwa m'thupi. Koma kukula ndi kutsika. Kutengera fanizo lomwe lili patsamba lino (onani pamwambapa) - ndipo palibe chidziwitso chenicheni cha kukula kwa jenereta - microcircuit ya jenereta ndi yayikulu kwambiri. Ngati angayike pansi pa khungu kapena m'magulu ena amoyo, akhoza kuchitidwa opaleshoni. Izinso si njira yachinsinsi misa chipization-katemera. Zidzatenga nthawi yayitali kuti muchiritse ndi kuyabwa - mudzazindikira.
Mutha kuganiziranso mwayi wochotsa magetsi kuchokera kumagetsi amagetsi - kuchokera pama waya amagetsi komanso phokoso lamtundu uliwonse lawayilesi (mawayilesi am'manja, mawayilesi, Wi-Fi, ndi zina). Koma pali vuto limodzi lalikulu ndi zonsezi - mumafunikira koyilo ya antenna yayikulu. Chizindikiro chaching'ono cha RFID pankhaniyi sichingaganizidwe ngati yankho labwino. Sikina ya RFID imatha kusangalatsa gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi mu koyilo ya transponder, yomwe ndi yokwanira kupanga mphamvu mpaka 10 mW. Pokhapokha sikelo iyenera kukhala pamtunda wa masentimita angapo kuchokera kwa wolandila, ndipo wolandirayo ayenera kukhala ndi koyilo yayikulu yolandirira pamlingo wa ma centimita angapo.
Ma tag ang'onoang'ono a mawayilesi othamangitsa nyama, omwe tidakambirana pamwambapa, amagwira ntchito motsika kwambiri. Mulimonsemo, kuti kusamutsa mphamvu zokwanira Chip anaika mu thupi ntchito zovuta logic - wathu ochiritsira 1 mW - sikana kapena gwero la mphamvu maginito cheza cheza ayenera ili pafupi kwambiri ndi chinsinsi Chip. Ndiko kuti, kufunikira kolumikizana kwambiri komanso kukula kwakukulu kwa koyilo yolandila kumachepetsa zinsinsi zonse kukhala ziro.
Mwina yankho la kupatsa mphamvu zamagetsi m'thupi lagona mumachitidwe akale akale a electrochemical? Thupi la munthu pafupifupi 60% madzi. Ndendende, kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma electrolyte. Ndi pafupifupi batire. Mwachitsanzo, zomwe zachitika posachedwa ndi ofufuza a California Institute of Technology amagwiritsa ntchito thukuta la munthu ngati electrolyte. Chigambacho, pakuwonongeka kwa lactic acid ndi enzyme pamaso pa chothandizira, chimalola munthu kupanga mphamvu zokwana 35 mW kuchokera pa sentimita imodzi. Koma chiphunzitso cha chiwembucho chimasokonezedwanso ndi kukula kwa yankho. Izi mwachiwonekere sizonyamula zobisika, ndipo ngati jenereta yotereyi imapangidwa ndi intramuscular, ndiye kuti vuto la kuchotsa zinthu zowonongeka lidzabuka. Mu zaka 20-30, mwinamwake chinachake chidzabwera, koma lero ndithudi ayi.
Zomwe zili pamwambazi zikugwiranso ntchito pakupeza mphamvu kuchokera ku chakudya, makamaka kuchokera ku glucose (shuga). Pamaso pa ma enzymes ndi catalysts, shuga amasweka ndipo amakhala ngati gwero lamphamvu. Zoyeserera mbali iyi ndipo zikupitirirabe. Mabatire ambiri opangidwa ndi ma glucometer adapangidwa m'ma labotale, koma kuphatikiza mphamvu yotereyi m'thupi la munthu ndizovuta za dongosolo losiyana kwambiri. Ndi batire yanji ya glucose yomwe tingakambirane ngati vuto la matenda ashuga silinathe?
Mungakumbukire za gwero lina la mphamvu - kutentha kopangidwa ndi munthu. Otembenuza bwino kwambiri kutentha kukhala magetsi ndi zinthu za thermoelectric zochokera . Zinthu zazing'ono za Peltier zimatha kupereka mphamvu ya 10, 20 mW, kapena kupitilira apo. Pali zambiri zomwe zikuchitika, ndipo chidwi mwa iwo sichimachepa (onani, mwachitsanzo, ndi chithunzi pamwambapa). Chinanso ndi chakuti kuti thermoelement igwire ntchito, payenera kukhala kusiyana kowoneka bwino kwa kutentha kumbali zake za polar. Kuti muchite izi, mbali imodzi ya chinthucho iyenera kutulutsidwa kuti iwononge kutentha kumalo ozungulira. Ndipo sizingachitikenso mosadziwika.
Kufotokozera mwachidule ulendo wopita kumagetsi opangira magetsi ovala / oyika, tikhoza kunena molimba mtima kuti masiku ano sayansi ndi luso lamakono silingathe kupereka batire laling'ono ngakhale lamagetsi opangidwa ndi serial wearable, ndipo makamaka chifukwa chobisika (chinsinsi) chipization. Ma Microelectronics m'derali akhala okonzeka kupereka chinthu chosangalatsa, koma pakali pano ndi chimodzimodzi ngati munapatsidwa kuti mumange kompyuta popanda magetsi.
Kale apa tikhoza kumaliza cholembedwa cha nthano katemera-chipization, koma tipitiriza. Tiyeni tikhudze nkhani zoyankhulirana.
Osakhala amasewera (wailesi).
Pokhapokha ngati ndinu kavalo, ndani amene angathe kuyika chizindikiro cha ma radio frequency masentimita angapo kukula kwake muminofu kapena pansi pa khungu, ndiye kuti mudzatha kuzindikira thupi lopangidwa ndi ma tag a RFID powombana nalo mphuno mpaka mphuno. Yaikulu kukula tchipisi jekeseni ng'ombe akhoza kuphimba paddocks kapena msipu ang'onoang'ono, koma Mulimonsemo utali wotalikirana sali oposa awiri kapena atatu makumi mamita. Ma tag a RFID kapena mawonetsedwe ena a RFID sangathe kuyang'aniridwa padziko lonse lapansi. Kulumikizana koyenera kwambiri pankhaniyi kumatha kukhala ma cell, komanso masiteshoni oyambira omwe ali pafupi ndi mnzake.
Okhulupirira chiwembu adayika awiri ndi awiri pamodzi ndipo adapeza ... nsanja zisanu - 5G zolumikizirana zidayamba kuyaka pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi.
Yang'anani pamalo olakwika, owononga nzika! Othandizira ayamba kale kubisa tinyanga ta m'manja. Masiku ano, chitukuko cha m'matauni chimatha kuwona chokongoletsera chatsopano chikuwoneka kuposa nsanja yoyipa yachikale yomwe idakhala zaka 20 kapena 10 zapitazo. Ichi chikhoza kukhala chitoliro chosavuta chawayilesi chowonekera pawayilesi chokhala ndi tinyanga zobisika mkati, kapena chinthu choyimirira cha kutsatsa kwakunja. Chithunzi pamwambapa, mwachitsanzo, chikuwonetsa momwe ma antennas aku USA amabisika mumtundu wamtundu wa cactus. Mchitidwewu ukukhala wamba, ndipo kusintha kwa 5G kupangitsa tinyanga ndi nsanja kuti zisamawonekere m'mizinda komanso kumidzi. Anthu omwe ali otanganidwa ndi chiwembu chapadziko lonse lapansi sangathe kuwazindikira, kapena, mobisala molimbana ndi nsanja, ayamba kuwononga chilichonse chomwe sakonda.
Tekinoloje yolumikizirana ya 5G ikuyambitsidwa makamaka kuti achepetse kuchedwa kwa kutumiza kwa data. Kuti muchite izi, nsanja ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa nthawi zambiri. Koma iyi si nsanja yomwe tazolowera. Chigawo cha 5G base station, pamodzi ndi seva yaying'ono yomangidwira, ndi yaying'ono komanso yofanana ndi laputopu (chithunzi pamwambapa ndi chitsanzo cha imodzi mwazosankha za Huawei 5G). Kuti apereke anthu ambiri, malo oyambira a 5G amatha kungoyikidwa pamakoma a nyumba ndipo amatha kubisika mosavuta ndi zinthu zokongoletsera. midadada yoteroyo sichidzayambitsa kukayikirana kapena kukwiyitsidwa pakati pa nzika. Palinso chizolowezi choyika maziko okongoletsedwa ndi pulasitiki pamitengo yowunikira mumsewu. Ndani amalabadira? Kuyika mobwerezabwereza malo oyambira, mwa njira, ndi mwayi wochepetsera mphamvu ya chizindikiro cha mbali zonse zotumizira ndi kulandira. Koma kodi izi zingathandize mwanjira ina kuwongolera anthu opunthwa?
Ayi ndithu. Minofu yaumunthu ndi madzi mu minofu ndi chishango chabwino cha mpweya wothamanga kwambiri wa wailesi mumtundu umene mauthenga a 5G amagwira ntchito. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mlongoti wa transceiver wa 5G sungathe kukhazikikanso m'thupi la munthu. Ziyenera kukhala pafupi ndi khungu momwe zingathere, mwinamwake mphamvu zazikulu zidzafunika kukhazikitsa kulankhulana. Komanso, mlongoti wa 5G kulumikizana ndi gawo lovuta kwambiri, lophatikizika laukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri. Sizingatheke kuzipanga kukhala zosaoneka jekeseni m'thupi la munthu. Miyezo yayikulu, chifukwa cha kutalika kwa mawayilesi ogwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kufunikira koyika mlongoti wa 5G m'maso momveka bwino amalankhula okha - kwa wodwalayo, kuyika kwa transceiver ya 5G ndi mlongoti sikungawonekere.
Mawu ochepa ayenera kunenedwa za mphamvu yofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa transceiver ya 5G (ndi mauthenga a mafoni ambiri). Kulumikizana kukakhazikitsidwa pakati pa chotengera ndi poyambira, mphamvu ya siginecha imafika 1 W. Chizindikirocho chiyenera kukhala champhamvu kuti chidutse chitsimikiziro ndikukhazikitsa njira yodalirika, koma gawo ili limatenga nkhani ya milliseconds. Tinene kuti pankhaniyi, nzika yodulidwa imaperekedwa ndi supercapacitor yamphamvu (ionistor). Kutambasula kwakukulu, koma kotheka mwaukadaulo. Pambuyo pa siteji ya kukhazikitsa kulankhulana, mphamvu yaikulu yoteroyo sikufunikanso kuyendetsa njira ya wailesi; mukhoza kudutsa ndi mphamvu ya dongosolo la makumi angapo a milliwatts. Poganizira za chitukuko cha ma algorithms owongolera zolakwika ndi kutumizidwa kwakukulu kwa masiteshoni a 5G, timaganiza kuti mphamvu ya transceiver ya 10 mW idzakhala yokwanira kuthandizira njira yolumikizirana. Koma ngakhale izi ndizofunika kwambiri ku bajeti ya purosesa yobzalidwa komanso kuchotsera pa chiphunzitso cha chiwembu.
Chipization weniweni mawa: ziwoneka bwanji?
Kuchokera pa zonse zomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa, zikutsatira momveka bwino kuti chipization yachinsinsi, yomwe, mwachitsanzo, ikhoza kubisika ngati katemera, ndizosatheka pamlingo wamakono wamakono. Komabe, izi sizikutsutsa mfundo yakuti kuikidwa kwa ma implants a semiconductor m'thupi la munthu kungakhale chenicheni posachedwapa. Zingochitika mwanjira yosiyana kotheratu komanso ndi zolinga zosiyana poyerekeza ndi zomwe akatswiri achiwembu amaganiza. Kuti mumvetsetse komwe kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kukupita kuderali, ndizomveka kuyang'ana mawonekedwe a Neuralink neural, omwe akupangidwa ndi kampani ya Elon Musk ya dzina lomwelo.
Sabata yatha Elon Musk kachiwiri kuti pofika kumapeto kwa chaka Neuralink adzayamba mayesero a zachipatala a eni ake-makina mawonekedwe pa anthu amoyo. Poyamba adalonjeza kuti adzachita mayesero ofanana chaka chatha, koma pazifukwa zina (mwinamwake mwalamulo), kuikidwa kwa Neuralink neural interface mu ubongo wamoyo wa wodwala sikunachitikebe.
Izi zikanatheka bwanji. Tiyeni tifotokozere Musk: "Tiduladi chidutswa cha chigaza, kenako ndikuyika chipangizo cha Neuralink pamenepo. Pambuyo pake, ulusi wa electrode udzalumikizidwa mosamala kwambiri ndi ubongo, ndiyeno zonse zidzasokedwa. Chipangizocho chitha kulumikizana ndi gawo lililonse la ubongo ndipo chidzabwezeretsa kuwona kotayika kapena kutayika kwa miyendo. ”
Chipization malinga ndi Elon Musk idzakhala gawo la opaleshoni yayikulu. Uku sikutemera pa liwiro la kuphulika kwamfuti yamakina, kumafunika munthu payekha. Tchipisi zimayikidwa mkati mwa chigaza cha wodwalayo, ndipo ma electrode amamizidwa mu cerebral cortex malinga ndi dongosolo lapadera.
Komanso, mwachiwonekere, tchipisi mkati mwa chigaza chidzalumikizidwa ndi inductor yomwe ili kwinakwake pafupi (palibe chomwe chikukonzekera kunja), ndipo chipangizo chamkati chidzalankhulana ndi dziko lakunja - ndi batri ndi transceiver ya Bluetooth (ndiyeno ndi kompyuta) - idzachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wofanana ndi RFID.
Kuchokera pazithunzi zomwe zaperekedwa mukhoza kumvetsetsa momwe chipization yeniyeni idzawonekera. Cholinga cha kupukuta koteroko ndikulola odwala osasunthika kapena anthu ovulala kwambiri kuti azitha kuyang'anira mafoni a m'manja, makompyuta kapena zipangizo zamagetsi ndi "mphamvu yoganiza." Kapenanso, zingakhale zotheka kubwezeretsanso kuona kapena kumva. Izi ndi ndemanga kale. Nthawi zina, dongosolo loterolo limathandizira kubwezeretsa luso la magalimoto ku thupi ngati kuwonongeka kwa msana kwawononga njira yolunjika yopatsira zikhumbo za mitsempha.
M'tsogolomu, Musk akulota kugwirizanitsa nzeru zaumunthu ndi zopangira, ndipo, ndithudi, mothandizidwa ndi tchipisi totere munthu akhoza kulamulidwa. Tsiku lina izi zidzachitika, koma nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Kodi padzakhala otsutsa mchitidwe wotero? Moyenera! Kusadziwa kungathe kuthetsedwa kokha ndi maphunziro a sayansi, ndipo ndi izi padziko lapansi, zonse sizili bwino.
Pomaliza
Pamwambapa tidalankhula mwatsatanetsatane za zomwe zimamveka (tikuyembekeza) kwa anthu ambiri osaganiza bwino. Tsoka ilo, intaneti yapereka nsanja pamalingaliro aliwonse, kuphatikiza omwe ali ndi nthano zopeka komanso zoyambira zasayansi kapena kusowa kwanzeru. Sitinathe kuyimirira pambali ndipo tinaganiza zoyankhula pa nkhani ya chipization mu mzimu wa momwe zingawonekere pakalipano pa chitukuko chamagetsi. Mawerengedwe onse omwe ali pamwambawa ndi oyerekeza, koma amalankhula momveka bwino za kuthekera kwa mayankho otere.
Pali lingaliro limodzi lokha: lero palibe matekinoloje omwe amapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yophatikizira yaying'ono yosawoneka kapena yowoneka bwino m'thupi la munthu kuti athe kuwongolera zochita zake. Komabe, mabodza akale amalimbana bwino ndi ntchitoyi, koma iyi ndi nkhani yosiyana kwambiri.
Source: 3dnews.ru