Akatswiri achitetezo azidziwitso apeza chiwopsezo chatsopano mu tchipisi cha Intel chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuba zidziwitso zachinsinsi kuchokera kwa purosesa. Ofufuzawo adachitcha "ZombieLoad". ZombieLoad ndikuwukira mbali ndi mbali kulunjika tchipisi ta Intel komwe kumalola obera kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino cholakwika pamapangidwe awo kuti apeze chidziwitso chokhazikika, koma sichiwalola kuti alowetse ndikuyika ma code oyipa mwachisawawa, motero amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati chida chokhacho. kulowerera ndi kuwononga makompyuta akutali sizotheka.
Malinga ndi Intel, ZombieLoad ili ndi nsikidzi zinayi mu microcode ya tchipisi chake, zomwe ofufuza adauza kampaniyo mwezi umodzi wapitawo. Pafupifupi makompyuta onse okhala ndi tchipisi ta Intel omwe adatulutsidwa kuyambira 2011 ali pachiwopsezo chowopsa. Tchipisi za ARM ndi AMD sizikhudzidwa ndi chiwopsezo ichi.
ZombieLoad imakumbutsa za Meltdown ndi Specter, zomwe zinali zochititsa chidwi m'mbuyomo, zomwe zinagwiritsa ntchito cholakwika mu dongosolo la kuphedwa kongoyerekeza (patsogolo). Kuchita mwachidwi kumathandiza mapurosesa kulosera kumlingo winawake zomwe pulogalamu kapena makina ogwiritsira ntchito angafunikire posachedwa, kupangitsa kuti pulogalamuyo iziyenda mwachangu komanso moyenera. Purosesa idzabwezera zotsatira za maulosi ake ngati ali olondola, kapena kukonzanso zotsatira za kuphedwa ngati zoloserazo ndi zabodza. Onse a Meltdown ndi Specter amapezerapo mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito molakwika izi kuti apeze chidziwitso chomwe purosesa ikugwira.
ZombieLoad imatanthawuza kuti "zombie loading," yomwe imalongosola pang'onopang'ono momwe zimakhalira pachiwopsezo. Panthawi yachiwonongeko, pulosesa imadyetsedwa zambiri kuposa momwe ingagwiritsire ntchito moyenera, kuchititsa pulosesa kupempha thandizo kuchokera ku microcode kuti ateteze kuwonongeka. Nthawi zambiri, mapulogalamu amatha kungowona zomwe akufuna, koma cholakwika chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa CPU chimakulolani kuti mulambalale izi. Ofufuzawo adati ZombieLoad imatha kupeza chilichonse chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma processor cores. Intel akuti kukonza kwa ma microcode kumathandizira kuyeretsa ma buffers a processor akadzaza, kuletsa mapulogalamu kuti asawerenge zomwe sanafune kuti awerenge.
Muvidiyo yowonetsera momwe chiwopsezocho chimagwirira ntchito, ochita kafukufuku adawonetsa kuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti adziwe kuti ndi mawebusaiti ati omwe munthu akuchezera nthawi yeniyeni, koma angagwiritsidwe ntchito mosavuta kuti apeze, mwachitsanzo, mawu achinsinsi kapena zizindikiro zogwiritsa ntchito. ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolipira
Monga Meltdown ndi Specter, ZombieLoad imakhudza osati ma PC ndi ma laputopu okha, komanso ma seva amtambo. Chiwopsezochi chikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina enieni omwe akuyenera kukhala olekanitsidwa ndi makina ena odziwika ndi zida zomwe amawatumizira kuti adutse kudzipatulaku. Chifukwa chake, Daniel Gruss, m'modzi mwa ofufuza omwe adapeza chiwopsezocho, akuti imatha kuwerenga zambiri kuchokera ku ma processor a seva mofanana ndi makompyuta amunthu. Ili ndi vuto lomwe lingakhale lalikulu m'malo amtambo pomwe makina amakasitomala osiyanasiyana akugwira ntchito pa seva imodzi. Ngakhale kuukira pogwiritsa ntchito ZombieLoad sikunafotokozedwe poyera, ofufuza sanganene kuti zikanatheka, popeza kuba kwa data sikumasiya chilichonse.
Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani kwa ogwiritsa ntchito wamba? Palibe chifukwa chochita mantha. Izi siziri kutali ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kusatetezeka kwa tsiku la ziro komwe wowukira atha kutenga kompyuta yanu nthawi yomweyo. Gruss akufotokoza kuti ZombieLoad ndi "yosavuta kuposa Specter" koma "yovuta kuposa Meltdown" - zonsezi zimafuna luso linalake ndi khama logwiritsa ntchito mokhumudwitsa. M'malo mwake, kuti muwononge pogwiritsa ntchito ZombieLoad, muyenera kutsitsa pulogalamu yomwe ili ndi kachilombo ndikuyiyendetsa nokha, ndiye kuti kusatetezeka kumathandizira wowukirayo kutsitsa deta yanu yonse. Komabe, pali njira zambiri zosavuta kuthyolako mu kompyuta ndi kuwabera.
Intel yatulutsa kale ma microcode kuti agwirizane ndi mapurosesa okhudzidwa, kuphatikiza Intel Xeon, Intel Broadwell, Sandy Bridge, Skylake ndi Haswell chips, Intel Kaby Lake, Lake Lake, Whisky Lake ndi tchipisi ta Cascade Lake, komanso mapurosesa onse a Atom ndi Knights. Makampani ena akuluakulu nawonso atulutsa kukonza kwachiwopsezo chawo. Apple, Microsoft ndi Google atulutsanso kale zigamba zofananira pa msakatuli wawo.
Poyankhulana ndi TechCrunch, Intel adati zosintha za chip microcode, monga zigamba zam'mbuyomu, zidzakhudza magwiridwe antchito a purosesa. Mneneri wa Intel adati zida zambiri zogulira zigamba zitha kuwonongeka kwambiri ndi 3%, ndikutayika mpaka 9% pama data. Koma malinga ndi Intel, izi sizingawonekere muzochitika zambiri.
Komabe, mainjiniya a Apple sagwirizana kwathunthu ndi Intel, yemwe za njira yodzitetezera kwathunthu ku "Microarchitectural Data Sampling" (dzina lovomerezeka la ZombieLoad) amati kuti atseke chiwopsezocho ndikofunikira kuletsa ukadaulo wa Intel Hyper-Threading mu mapurosesa, omwe, malinga ndi mayeso a akatswiri a Apple, amatha kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito a zida za ogwiritsa ntchito zingapo ndi 40%.
Palibe Intel kapena Daniel ndi gulu lake omwe adasindikiza kachidindo komwe kamayambitsa kusatetezeka, kotero palibe chiwopsezo chachindunji komanso chanthawi yomweyo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito wamba. Ndipo zigamba zotulutsidwa mwachangu zimathetsa kwathunthu, koma popeza kuti kukonza kulikonse kumawononga ogwiritsa ntchito zina, mafunso ena amawuka kwa Intel.
Source: 3dnews.ru