Moni %username%.
Pamene mukufufuza pa chipangizo chanu, tikupitilira mutu wa mowa, womwe takambirana kale pang'ono. , pang'ono pang'ono - , koma sitikulekerabe pamenepo!
Ndine wokondwa kwambiri kuti pomalizira pake ndinaganiza zotambasulira izi kukhala mndandanda wa nkhani, chifukwa kuchokera ku ndemanga ndinazindikira kuti nkhani zambiri zomwe zinkawoneka ngati zosafunika poyamba ziyenera kuthetsedwa - ndipo ngati ndikanalemba nkhani imodzi, zikadakhala mwina. zosakwanira, kapena zazitali komanso zotopetsa.
Ndipo kotero - tili ndi gawo lachitatu ndipo, ndikuyembekeza, sizosangalatsa. Ndipo ndimalemba mwadala molawirira Lamlungu, kuti ndisawononge chiyambi cha sabata lantchito. Ndikuwononga ndi magawo otsatirawa :)
Tiyeni tizipita.
Ndiyamba ndi mbiri yolonjezedwa ya Guinness ndi Tsiku la St. Patrick.
Tchuthi chachikulu cha ku Ireland chakhala chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi mtundu wobiriwira, ma parade, leprechauns ofiira oledzera ndi mowa wa Guinness. Koma izi ndizodabwitsa - pambuyo pa zonse, kodi St. Patrick ndipo, ndithudi, kukhazikitsidwa kwa Chikhristu ku Ireland kuli ndi chiyani ndi Arthur Guinness ndi fakitale yake, yomwe inawonekera pambuyo pake?
Koma kwenikweni, palibe - Komanso: mpaka 60s m'zaka zapitazi, pubs onse anatsekedwa pa Tsiku la St. Patrick, choncho kugulitsa mowa uliwonse, kuphatikizapo mowa, anali oletsedwa, zomwe ziri zolondola, pambuyo pa zonse, holide makamaka kutembenukira chipembedzo. . Koma popeza anthu a ku Ireland ndi achi Irish, pa March 17, mofanana ndi kuvomereza Chikhristu ku Ireland, anthu nthawi yomweyo amalemekeza chikhalidwe cha Ireland.
Kwenikweni, chinali ndendende “chikhalidwe” cha tchuthicho chomwe opanga Guinness adatengera. Opanga moŵa aku Ireland ochita chidwi, okhala ndi ndalama zambiri, sanangolimbikitsa zogulitsa zawo panthawi yatchuthi, komanso adalimbikitsa kuti zichitike m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Simunadziwe, %username%, koma ku Malaysia amakondwerera Tsiku la St. Patrick molemekezeka kwambiri chifukwa cha magawo a kampaniyo. Ku Canada, komwe tchuthichi chatchuka kale, oimira malo opangira moŵa amalimbikira kulimbikitsa kuti likhale tchuthi ladziko lonse.
Nthawi zambiri, tiyenera kupatsa kampani chifukwa chake: idachita zonse kuti anthu akamva mawu oti "Ireland," chinthu choyamba chomwe amakumbukira ndi stout wotchuka ndipo amawona kuti ndi mowa waukulu wa tchuthicho. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, malonda a Guinness amawonjezeka pafupifupi ka 10 pa Tsiku la St. Patrick. Phunzirani zamalonda zanzeru, %username%!
Tidzakambirana za Guinness kangapo, koma pakadali pano tipitiliza za zosakaniza za mowa. Tatsala pang'ono - ndipo zonse ndizosankha.
Hop.
Choncho, tiyeni tiyambe ndi mfundo yakuti hops (lat. Húmulus) ndi mtundu wa zomera zamaluwa za banja la Hemp. Inde, ma cones a hop ndi achibale a ma cones omwe azakhali awo akuluakulu ndi amalume amakonda kwambiri kukhalapo kwa khonde lanu. Koma tiyeni tichotse nthawi yomweyo nthano imodzi: hops, mosiyana ndi tanthauzo la mawu oti "ledzera" komanso kukhalapo kwa achibale okayikitsa m'banjamo, sikukhudza mphamvu ya mowa mwanjira iliyonse, koma kumakhala ndi zotsatira zofatsa, otsika mphamvu kuposa valerian. Valocordin, Valosedan, Novo-Passit, Korvaldin, Sedavit, Urolesan ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi hop kapena zigawo zake. Tinene zoona: ndi mowa womwe umaledzera, osati ma hop, omwe amakhala omasuka komanso otonthoza.
"Ma cones" a hops ali ndi 8-prenylnaringenin, chinthu cha m'gulu la phytoestrogens (phyto-plant, estrogen - hormone yogonana yachikazi), yomwe imapereka hops estrogenic. Poyesera pa mbewa zowonongeka ndi makoswe akhanda, adapeza kuti 70% hop Tingafinye pa mlingo wa 10-30 mg induces estrus kapena proestrus. Daily kadumphidwe Tingafinye nyama kwa masiku 12 anawonjezera kulemera kwa nyanga uterine ndi 4,1 zina. Kuphatikiza kwa 8-isoprenylnaringenin kumadzi akumwa a mbewa za ovariectomized zinapangitsa kuti estrogenic stimulation ya epithelium ya ukazi. Komabe, zotsatira zake zidakwaniritsidwa pamlingo wa 100 μg/ml, womwe ndi wokwera 500 kuposa zomwe zili mu 8-isoprenylnaringenin mu mowa.
Pali malingaliro ambiri okhudzana ndi momwe ma phytoestrogens amakhudzira mowa pathupi la munthu: azimayi omwe amagwira ntchito yokolola hops adasokonekera, amuna adataya ulemu kwambiri - komabe, zomverera sizimaganizira kuti phytoestrogen yomwe ili mu hops ndi yofooka nthawi pafupifupi 5000 kuposa estrogen ya nyama. Chifukwa chake, kuti mukule mabere okongola, olimba, muyenera kumwa pafupifupi matani 5-10 a mowa tsiku lililonse. Choncho iwalani zonse za mawu owopsa "estrus" ndi "proestrus", lekani kuyesa nyanga zanu ndikuyang'ana epithelium ya nyini - kapena bwino, kutsanulira galasi lina.
Hops ndi chinthu chomwe simungachisankhe mumowa. Poyamba, zitsamba zapadera zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwake popanga, koma cholinga chinali chofanana: kulinganiza kutsekemera kwa malt ndi kuwawa kwa zitsamba. Mowa ukhoza kuphikidwa popanda ma hop, koma pamenepa udzakhala wopanda malire komanso wopanda kukoma.
Hops zimakhudza mawonekedwe a mowa: kununkhira, kukoma konse komanso, makamaka, kuchuluka kwa kuwawa. Kuwawa ndi chizindikiro chachikulu; pansipa tisanthula mwatsatanetsatane. Kuonjezera ma hops kumayambiriro kwa kupanga mowa kumawonjezera kuwawa ndikusintha kakomedwe kake, ndipo m'kupita kwanthawi kumakhudza makamaka fungo - zipatso za citrus, chilakolako, maluwa, mango, zitsamba, nthaka ndi zonunkhira zina za mowa zimachokera ku hops. , osati kuchokera ku zowonjezera zokongola, kuyambira ndi chilembo "E" ndi manambala pambuyo pake. Koma musalakwitse,% username%: imodzi mwafungo labwino la mowa ndi kusakaniza kwa fungo la mkodzo wamphaka ndi black currant - izi zimatheka ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa Simcoe hops, koma fungo la khofi wophikidwa kumene. mwina adakukopani kumalo ena osindikizira - m'malo mwake, fungo lake ndi losavomerezeka komanso losavomerezeka ku mowa. Zimawoneka chifukwa cha makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa ma hops pomwe mowa umawonekera padzuwa - zambiri pambuyo pake.
Mofanana ndi chimera, moŵa wamitundumitundu ungapangidwe pogwiritsa ntchito ma hop amitundu yosiyanasiyana, omwe amawonjezeredwa mosiyanasiyana. Mwanjira imeneyi, kununkhira kosangalatsa komanso kununkhira kwachakumwa kumatha kupezedwa, chifukwa chake padziko lapansi mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hops imabzalidwa, ndipo mitundu yatsopano imapezeka chaka chilichonse. Komabe, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mitundu khumi ndi iwiri, ndipo otchuka kwambiri akuchokera ku Czech Republic ndi USA. Mmodzi mwa ma hops otchuka komanso odziwika bwino ndi Saaz, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti Zhatetsky. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitundu yambiri ya ma lager, kupereka kuwawa kosawoneka bwino komanso fungo lodziwika bwino la zokometsera ndi zolemba za zitsamba. Ngati mudamwako moŵa wakale wachi Czech kapena, nenani, Stella Artois lager, ndiye kuti mumadziwa zomwe ndikunena.
Nthawi zambiri, ma hops oponderezedwa amtundu wa granules amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga (pali lingaliro lakuti ichi chinali chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimawonekera nthano za mowa wa ufa): motere amasungidwa nthawi yayitali ndikusunga katundu wake, ndi khalidwe lake. wa mowa savutika mwanjira iliyonse.
Ku Belgium, masamba a hop ndi mphukira zazing'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa saladi ndikuwonjezeredwa ku supu ndi sauces. Ku Romania, mphukira zazing'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati katsitsumzukwa. Kuyambira nthawi zakale, ma hop akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga buledi pophika buledi ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana za confectionery. Hops amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga osati mowa wokha, komanso vinyo wa uchi: amawongolera mawonekedwe ake a organoleptic, amalimbikitsa kumveketsa bwino kwa vinyo wa uchi ndikuuteteza kuti zisawonongeke.
Koma phindu lalikulu la hops popanga moŵa ndi ma alpha acid. Ili ndi dzina loperekedwa kuzinthu zovuta kwambiri monga humulone.
Pano pali humulon wokongola
Kutengera mitundu ya hop, kukula kwake, zaka pakukolola ndi kuyanika, kuchuluka kwa humulone kumatha kusiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo:
- Cascade 4.5-8%
- Zaka zana 9-11.5%
- Chinook 12-14%
- East Kent Goldings 4.5-7%
- Hallertauer Hersbrucker 2.5-5%
- Mt. 3.5-8%
- Zotsatira 2-5%
- Styrian Goldings 4.5-7%
- Willamette 4-7%
Mwa njira, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti kuwonjezera pa humulone palinso cohumulone, adhumulon, posthumulon ndi prehumulon. Kuphatikiza apo, palinso ma beta acid: lupulone, colupulone ndi adlupulone. Amapereka kuwawa pang'ono mu mowa kuposa ma alpha acid. Koma, popeza samasungunuka bwino, chopereka chawo chimakhala chocheperako, motero ma alpha male acids amapambana.
Mukatenthedwa, ma alpha acid amakumana ndi isomerization, kotero isohumulone imapangidwa kuchokera ku humulone:
Ndi isohumulone yomwe imatengedwa ngati mulingo wakuwawa mu Chamber of Weights and Measures. . Amakhulupirira kuti malire ozindikira kuwawa kwa anthu ndi pafupifupi 120 IBU. Chilichonse choposa mtengowu chidzazindikiridwa mofanana. Izi ndizoyenera kukumbukira mukakumana ndi mowa womwe ukugulitsidwa ndi milingo yowawa kwambiri; Kupatula apo, palibe chifukwa chomwa mowa wokhala ndi IBU yotsika pambuyo pamtengo wokwera - zokometserazo "zidzatsekedwa" ndipo simungatero. kuyamikira kukoma.
Mwa njira, ma beta acid samakhala ngati ma alpha acid. M'malo mwake, amawonjezera oxidize. Popeza kuti mowawu umatenga nthawi yaitali, mowawo ukakhala wofufumitsa ndiponso ukakalamba, mphamvu yake imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri komanso kuwawa kwake kumaonekera.
Isohumulone ndi imodzi mwa iso-alpha acid, koma onse ali ndi zotsatira zina zofunika kwambiri: ali ndi bacteriostatic effect pa mabakiteriya ambiri a gram-positive. Choyamba, izi zimalepheretsa kuchulukana kwa mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa kuti lactic acid fermentation - ndiko kuti, imateteza mowa kuti usawonongeke. Kumbali inayi, ma iso-alpha acid sachita nawo mabakiteriya opanda gramu, chifukwa chake wowetayo ayenera kuyang'anira ukhondo ndi kusabereka ngati akufuna kumwa mowa kumapeto, osati mowa wonunkhira komanso wowawasa.
Poganizira izi, zikuwonekeratu chifukwa chake m'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages mowa unkakondedwa m'malo mwa madzi: fungo ndi kukoma kwa zakumwazo zinali umboni wabwino kwambiri wa kuipitsidwa kwake ndi mabakiteriya, omwe sitinganene za madzi okha.
Iso-alpha acid, komabe, monga zinthu zina zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mu hops, ndizofunikira kwambiri pa thovu: ngati malt amayambitsa kupanga chithovu, ndiye kuti ma hop amakhudza kulimbikira kwake. Izi, mwa njira, zimawonekera makamaka mu chitsanzo cha ma lager osavuta opepuka okhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono: kutsanulira Miller mu galasi, simungapeze mutu wandiweyani, wosalekeza.
Komabe, ndi ma iso-alpha acid omwe amatsogolera ku zomwe zimatchedwa "mowa wa skunky." Pamaso pa kuwala ndi okosijeni, zinthu izi zimasweka pochita zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi riboflavin, ndikupanga ma free radicals kudzera mu homolytic cleavage ya exocyclic carbon-carbon bond. Mbali yong'ambika ya acyl imawolanso, ndikupanga 1,1-dimethylallyl radical. Zowopsa izi zimatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi ma amino acid okhala ndi sulfure monga cysteine kuti apange 3-methylbut-2-ene-1-thiol - ndipo mankhwalawa amayambitsa fungo la skunk. Komabe, m'malo otsika kwambiri kununkhira kumamveka ngati khofi wokazinga mwatsopano.
Mulimonsemo, kuwonongeka kwa iso-alpha acid ndi njira yosafunikira kwambiri, ndipo ma hops ambiri mumowa, amatsitsa mwachangu, kutaya fungo ndi kuwawa. Chifukwa chake, moŵa woponderezedwa sayenera kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali: moŵa ukhoza kutaya theka la zonunkhira zake pakangopita miyezi ingapo utapangidwa. Ndi zopusa kwambiri kuzisunga. Kunena zowona, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti kuwonongeka kotereku sikudziwika kokha kwa IPA, komanso mtundu uliwonse wa mowa womwe umadziwika ndi gawo lodziwika bwino la hop: awa ndi mitundu yonse yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Pale Ale (APA, NEIPA, bitters). , etc.), ndi pilsners (gawo lalikulu la mowa wa ku Czech), komanso ngakhale helles (ma lager achijeremani monga Spaten, Löwenbrau, Weihenstephaner ndi zina zotero). Ndizomveka kumwa mowa wonsewo monga mwatsopano komanso osaiwala mufiriji kapena, makamaka pa alumali mu chipinda kwa miyezi yambiri. Ngakhale zitatsegulidwa tsiku lotha ntchito lisanafike, sizingakhale zokoma.
Kuti athetse kuwonongeka komwe kungatheke, panthawi yopanga mowa, chidwi chapadera chimaperekedwa ku mphamvu ya kuwala kwa UV kuti ifike ku mowa, komanso mpweya wa okosijeni m'madzi. Mafakitale ena amapeza kuchuluka kwa okosijeni wa ma micrograms/l ngakhale kutsika - kotero mukumvetsa, %username%, tikukamba za milingo yovomerezeka m'mabwalo ozizirira a zida zanyukiliya.
Mwa njira, lero pali mitundu 250 yamafuta ofunikira omwe amapezeka mu hops. Chomeracho chimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa myrcene, humulene ndi caryophyllene. Wachiwiri wa iwo amapereka chithandizo chofunikira kwambiri pa kukoma ndi kununkhira kwa zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi. Mitundu ya hop yakunja imakhala ndi myrcene yambiri kuposa yaku Europe. Zimawonjezera zolemba za citrus ndi pine. Caryophyllene amawonjezera zokometsera ndikupatsa mowawo kukoma kokoma. Mukasakanizidwa ndi ma esters omwe atchulidwa kale omwe amapezedwa panthawi yowotcha, mafuta onunkhira otere amatha kupezeka kuti Rive Gauche ndi L'Etoile akupumula.
Gasi.
Inde, %username%, gasi amathanso kuwonedwa ngati gawo la mowa.
Mpweya woyamba pa mndandanda wathu ndi carbon dioxide, imodzi mwa zinthu zowonongeka za yisiti. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuchuluka kwa carbon dioxide mu mowa womwe ukukonzedwa kumadalira kwambiri zofuna za wopangira moŵa / katswiri, koma pafupifupi nthawi zonse zimasiyana malinga ndi chidebe chomwe mowawo umayikidwamo. Ndipo iyi ndi mfundo yofunika.
Kawirikawiri, tinganene zotsatirazi: mpweya umafunika nthawi zonse - kumbali imodzi, umachotsa mpweya woipa kuchokera ku yankho, ndipo kumbali inayo, imayambitsa kupanga chithovu potsegula mowa.
Kaŵirikaŵiri, moŵa umene umagulitsidwa m’chitini kapena m’botolo umakhutitsidwa ndi mpweya wokha pa magawo osiyanasiyana a kuwira, kapena umapitiriza kutero kale pa shelufu pa mowa wotchedwa mowa wamoyo, umene wafufumitsa m’botolo. Nthawi zina, wopanga akhoza mokakamiza carbonate mowa ndi mpweya woipa pa mlingo ankafuna - izi ndi mofulumira ndi yabwino. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri ngati mowawo uyenera kuperekedwa kuchokera pampopi mu bar kapena sitolo. Pankhaniyi, ndithudi, mpweya wopangidwa ndi yisiti si wosiyana ndi wowonjezera kuchokera ku silinda. Koma ndithudi mukhoza kukhulupirira "biocarbon dioxide" ndi kulipira mitengo yokwera kwambiri mogwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha ubwino wa inflating mawilo ndi nayitrogeni. Zabwino zonse.
Chifukwa chake, mowa womwe umachoka kufakitale, wodzaza migolo yapadera (kegs), uli ndi digiri yofunikira ya carbonation (carbonation). Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pamalo opangira mabotolo, ndiko kuti, mu bar kapena sitolo ya botolo, mlingo uwu uyenera kusungidwa. Kuti tichite izi, silinda ya mpweya (carbon dioxide kapena nitrogen osakaniza) imalumikizidwa ndi bottling system: ntchito yake sikungotulutsa mowa kuchokera mu keg, komanso kusunga carbonation pamlingo woyenera.
Kwenikweni, kutengera kupanikizika komwe kumayikidwa muzodzaza, mpweya wosiyanasiyana umalowa mumowa, ndichifukwa chake umatha kupereka zomverera zosiyanasiyana mukamwa. Ndipo ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe mitundu yofananira yamabotolo imatha kuzindikirika mosiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana ndikusiyana ndi mitundu yake yamabotolo ndi zamzitini.
Kuphatikiza pa mpweya woipa, nayitrogeni amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Monga momwe zinakhalira zaka 60 zapitazo, kusiyana kwa carbon dioxide ndi nayitrogeni kumasintha kwambiri.
Ganizilani za Guinness Draft yomwe yangotsanuliridwa mu galasi. Mutu wonyezimira, pansi pamakhala thovu lakugwa, ndikupanga "chiwopsezo" kwambiri, ndipo mowa womwewo umawoneka ngati wofewa pang'ono, wopanda kaboni, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofewa - zonsezi ndi zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni pakupanga Guinness. .
Kwenikweni, anali wopanga mtundu wa stout wotchuka kwambiri wa ku Ireland amene tsopano anayamba kugwiritsira ntchito mpweya umenewu pothira moŵa, koma izi sizinachitike chifukwa cha moyo wabwino. Malo opangira moŵa otchuka adapeza kuti kunali kovuta kupikisana mu theka loyamba la zaka za m'ma XNUMX ndi mitundu yojambulira yomwe inali kutchuka panthawiyo, makamaka ma lager, ndipo sakanatha kuchita chilichonse: Guinness ndiye amagulitsidwa kutentha m'mabotolo, kapena, zabwino kwambiri, kutsanuliridwa ndi carbon dioxide, zomwe zimawonjezera kukoma kwa mowa ndikuchepetsanso kukhuthula. Anthu anafuna chinachake chozizira komanso mofulumira. Chinachake chinayenera kuchitidwa.
Vutoli linathetsedwa ndi wogwira ntchito ku Irish brewery, Michael Ash: pokhala katswiri wa masamu pophunzitsidwa, adayikidwa ndi oyang'anira pamutu wa gulu lomwe limayenera kupanga teknoloji yowonjezeretsa moyo wa alumali wa Guinness wa botolo. Phulusa silinangowona kuti mpweya wabwino umachotsa bwino pogwiritsira ntchito nayitrogeni m'malo mwa carbon dioxide, iye ndi gulu lake anapanga kachitidwe kamene kamalola kuti stout atsanulidwe mofulumira kuchokera mumbiya pogwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza kwa mpweya wosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo nayitrogeni. Zotsatira zake, mu 1958, dongosolo latsopanoli linali lovomerezeka ndipo pang'onopang'ono linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kuwonjezeka kwa malonda a Guinness ndi kotala. Mwa njira, pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo iwo anali ndi chilolezo chowonjezera mpira wa pulasitiki wokhala ndi nayitrogeni wothinikizidwa ku mowa wam'chitini, womwe umaphulika pamene chimbudzi chimatsegulidwa ndi "kutulutsa thovu" mowa.
Tsopano padziko lapansi pali mazana a mitundu yomwe ili ndi mabotolo pogwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni, kapena m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo cha nayitrogeni ndi mpweya woipa: makamaka mu chiŵerengero cha 80% mpaka 20%, motero. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza ma ales achingerezi ndi achi Irish, makamaka, ma stouts akumabotolo pa nayitrogeni, koma nthawi zina mutha kupezanso mitundu yomwe imakhala yofananira kwambiri ndi mabotolo a nayitrogeni, mwachitsanzo, lager.
Komabe, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti mwachibadwa pali zongopeka ndi izi - tsopano ndikulankhula za mitundu yonse ya "Nitro IPA": Guinness Nitro IPA, Vermont Nitro IPA ndi ena. Chowonadi ndi chakuti IPA (India Pale Ale) ndi mtundu wa mowa womwe gawo lalikulu limaseweredwa ndi gawo la hop. Ma ales amtundu wa IPA sayenera kukhala owawa kwambiri (izi zadutsa kale), koma payenera kukhala kuwawa kwapadera mu mowa wotero. Ndi chifukwa chodumphadumpha mwamphamvu kuti okonda mowa amayamikira IPA ndi mitundu yake.
Makapisozi mu zitini za Nitro IPA ali ndi nayitrogeni (kapena m'malo, osakaniza a nayitrogeni ndi carbon dioxide). Nayitrojeni amapereka moŵa makhalidwe ena: wandiweyani, wotsekemera mutu wa thovu, mawonekedwe osangalatsa komanso kumwa mowa. Mowa wa nayitrogeni ndi wabwino kumwa, umawoneka wopepuka komanso womveka.
Koma kuwonjezera pa izi, nayitrogeni ilinso ndi chinthu china, chosawoneka bwino: imabisala kununkhira kwa mowa. Makamaka, izo zimabisa kuwawa. Ndipo ngati nayitrogeni imangothandiza kuti Guinness stout wochepa thupi kapena wosavuta komanso womveka wa Kilkenny ale akhale wabwino, ndiye kuti mowa wa hoppy umakhala mdani wamkulu. Nayitrojeni imachotsa ku IPA zochepa zomwe zimafunikira kuti ziwonekere kwa ena.
Pachifukwa ichi, "IPA" iliyonse yokhala ndi nayitrogeni sichidzapereka chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayenera kupereka - kuwawa kosangalatsa, kowuma. Kapena m'malo mwake, ayesa, koma adzalepheretsedwa ndi mpweya wotuluka mu kapisozi: zipangitsa mowa kukhala wopepuka, wosangalatsa komanso wotsekemera, komanso kuwonetsa thovu lokongola lomwe likutuluka m'makoma a galasi, koma lidzakulepheretsani kumwa. zomwe makalata atatu okondedwawo anaziika pachitini .
Mwachidule, "Nitro Ips" ndizochokera ku chikhumbo cha ogulitsa kuti awoloke bulldog ndi chipembere ndi zotsatira zofanana.
Mwa njira, popeza tinakhudza mutu wa thovu, ndikuwonjezera pang'ono. Chithovu chimakhudza kwambiri malingaliro a kukoma ndi fungo la mowa. Pokhudzana ndi zokometsera, ndi izi zomwe zimatipatsa ife kumverera kwa kufewa kwa chakumwa, ndi kusakhalapo kwake kapena, m'malo mwake, kupitirira kungasinthe kwambiri zokometsera. Thirani tirigu wa Chijeremani mu galasi, lolani chithovu chikhazikike (muyenera kuyembekezera) ndikuyesera. Tsopano tsanulirani gawo latsopano mu galasi lina kuti mutu wa thovu upangidwe, ndipo imwani: ndikhulupirireni, mudzamva kusiyana.
Chochititsa chidwi, ngakhale mawonekedwe a galasi amakhudza kuchuluka kwa thovu. Makamaka, kuchepetsa pansi pa galasi la mowa wa tirigu lachikale kumakhalapo ndendende kotero kuti ndi kupendekeka kulikonse kwa galasi chithovu chomwe mtundu uwu wa mowa umafuna molingana ndi muyezo umapangidwanso. Kutentha kumakhalanso ndi gawo lofunikira: mwachitsanzo, ngati mowa wadraft wasungidwa pa kutentha kwambiri, umatuluka thovu kwambiri ukathiridwa. Zomwezo ndizofanana ndi mowa wotentha wa botolo kapena wamzitini: Ndikuganiza kuti palibe wokonda mowa yemwe sanachite thovu ngakhale kamodzi potsegula botolo pa tsiku lotentha.
Mwa njira, ngati mudya mowa wokhala ndi zakudya zamafuta, padzakhala chithovu chochepa kwambiri: pakukhudzana kulikonse, mafuta otsalira pamilomo amalepheretsa mapuloteni kupanga chithovu ndikuwononga.
Chifukwa chake nthawi ina, mukuyesera kutsanulira mowa wanu ndi thovu lochepa, kumbukirani: nthawi zambiri, pakali pano mukudziletsa mwakufuna kwanu chisangalalo chosafunikira chakumwacho.
Mwa njira, kulemekeza chithovu ndi chizindikiro chabwino cha chidziwitso ndi luso la bartender. Mowa wabwino sudzatsanulira mowa wopanda thovu, ngati payenera kukhala. Ndipo ziyenera kukhalapo nthawi zambiri, kupatulapo kawirikawiri: mowawo ukapanda thovu mwachibadwa (mwachitsanzo, otchedwa casque ales kapena American light lagers).
Chifukwa chake musathamangire kuimba mlandu wa bartender poyesa kukupusitsani pobweretsa galasi lokhala ndi thovu - mwina mukudzinyenga nokha.
Chabwino, mwina ndi zokwanira kwa lero, ndipo mu gawo lotsatira tidzakambirana za chomaliza cha mowa - zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana, tiwona ngati ndizosafunika kwenikweni, zomwe a Germany ndi a Belgian amaganiza za izo, komanso GOST. 31711-2012, GOST 55292-2012 ndi boma la Russia lonse - komanso tiyeni tione amene akufunikira. Padzakhala zambiri zambiri, ndipo zambiri zidzasiyidwa m'mabokosi, kotero kuti izi sizikhala gawo lomaliza.
Chitsime: www.habr.com