Kusintha kwa makina ogwiritsira ntchito a Qubes 4.1.2 apangidwa, omwe amagwiritsira ntchito lingaliro la kugwiritsa ntchito hypervisor pakudzipatula kotheratu kwa mapulogalamu ndi zigawo za OS (gulu lililonse la ntchito ndi ntchito zamakina zimayenda m'makina apadera). Kuti mugwire ntchito, mufunika dongosolo lokhala ndi 6 GB ya RAM ndi 64-bit Intel kapena AMD CPU yothandizidwa ndi VT-x yokhala ndi EPT/AMD-v yokhala ndi RVI ndi VT-d/AMD IOMMU matekinoloje, makamaka Intel GPU (NVIDIA ndi ma GPU a AMD sanayesedwe bwino). Kukula kwa chithunzi choyika ndi 6 GB.
Mapulogalamu mu Qubes amagawidwa m'makalasi kutengera kufunikira kwa deta yomwe ikukonzedwa komanso ntchito zomwe zikuthetsedwa. Gulu lililonse la mapulogalamu (mwachitsanzo, ntchito, zosangalatsa, mabanki), komanso ntchito zamakina (ma network subsystem, firewall, storage, USB stack, etc.), imayendetsedwa m'makina apadera omwe akuyenda pogwiritsa ntchito Xen hypervisor . Nthawi yomweyo, mapulogalamuwa amapezeka mkati mwa desktop yomweyi ndipo amawonetsedwa kuti amveke bwino ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamawindo. Malo aliwonse ali ndi mwayi wowerengera mafayilo amtundu wa mizu ndi kusungirako kwanuko, zomwe sizimayenderana ndi kusungirako malo ena; ntchito yapadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza kulumikizana kwa mapulogalamu.
Phukusi la phukusi la Fedora ndi Debian lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati maziko opangira malo enieni; ma templates a Ubuntu, Gentoo ndi Arch Linux amathandizidwanso ndi anthu ammudzi. Ndizotheka kukonza mwayi wopezeka pamakina a Windows, komanso kupanga makina enieni a Whonix kuti apereke mwayi wosadziwika kudzera pa Tor. Chipolopolo cha ogwiritsa ntchito chimamangidwa pamwamba pa Xfce. Wogwiritsa ntchito akayambitsa pulogalamu kuchokera pamenyu, pulogalamuyo imayamba pamakina apadera. Zomwe zili m'malo enieni zimatsimikiziridwa ndi ma templates.
Kutulutsidwa kwatsopano kumangowonetsa zosintha zamapulogalamu omwe amapanga chilengedwe choyambira (dom0). Template yakonzedwa kuti ipange malo enieni ozikidwa pa Fedora 37. Woyikayo wawonjezera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito makibodi a USB. Mndandanda wa boot wa chithunzi choyikapo umapereka njira yaposachedwa kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito kernel yaposachedwa ndi chithandizo chowonjezera cha hardware.
Source: opennet.ru