Chilankhulo chimasokonekera, ndipo chimangofuna kuphunzira.
Polemba izi, funso loti "pulogalamu yoti muphunzire chilankhulo choyamba" limabweretsa zotsatira zosaka 517 miliyoni. Iliyonse mwamasambawa idzayamika chilankhulo chimodzi, ndipo 90% yaiwo idzamaliza kulimbikitsa Python kapena JavaScript.
Popanda kuchedwa, ndikufuna kunena kuti mawebusayiti onse a 517 miliyoni ndi olakwika komanso kuti chilankhulo chomwe muyenera kuphunzira poyamba ndi. mfundo zomveka.
Kungodziwa kulemba ma code sikokwanira. Msikawu ndi wodzaza ndi omaliza maphunziro awo m'masukulu ndi maphunziro kotero kuti ocheperako asiya kukhalapo *. Kuti muchite bwino m'dziko lamasiku ano, muyenera kukhala ndi malingaliro apamwamba komanso omveka bwino.
* Pambuyo pake, chonde kumbukirani kuti uku ndikumasulira, ndipo zomwe zikuchitika pamsika wantchito kwa wolemba komanso m'dziko lanu zitha kukhala zosiyana (komanso ma nuances ena), zomwe, mwazokha sizipangitsa kuti nkhani yoyambirira ikhale yoipitsitsa - pafupifupi. kumasulira
Phunziro langa loyamba la sayansi yamakompyuta
Chidziwitso changa choyamba pa sayansi yamakompyuta chinali chisankho chomwe ndidatenga mu giredi 10. Pa tsiku loyamba, ndikulowa m'kalasi, ndinasangalala kuona kutsogolo kwanga zidebe zambiri za ayisikilimu ndi toppings zosiyanasiyana. Onse atakhala pansi, aphunzitsi adalengeza kuti:
“Lero tilawa ayisikilimu odzikonzera tokha. Koma ndi chikhalidwe chimodzi: muyenera kulemba mndandanda wa malangizo enieni amomwe mungakonzekerere mchere, ndipo ndiwatsatira. "
"Palibe vuto," ndinaganiza, "phunziroli silitenga nthawi yayitali." Mkati mwa mphindi imodzi kapena kuposerapo ndinali nditalemba njira yabwino ya ayisikilimu yamaloto anga:
- Tengani ndi kuika makapu atatu a rasipiberi ayisikilimu mu mbale
- Tsegulani msuzi wa chokoleti ndikuwonjezera supuni ziwiri ku mbale imodzi
- Onjezerani kirimu wokwapulidwa mu mbale
- Kuwaza zonse ndi timitengo shuga ndi kuika chitumbuwa pamwamba
Aphunzitsi anga, omwe ndi “kompyuta” ya m’mafanizo ochititsa chidwi amenewa—anachita mwachipongwe kwambiri kuposa mmene ndinaonerapo. Anayamba kuponya chidebe cha ayisikilimu mwachangu popanda kukhudza chivundikirocho.
"Chabwino, koma uyenera kukatsegula kaye!" - Ndinafuula, ndikuyesa kupeza chithandizocho mwamsanga.
"Inu simunalembe izi m'malangizo, ndipo sindingathe kukupangira ayisikilimu. ENA!"
Tiyeni tiyesetse kuyesa #2
- Tsegulani ayisikilimu wa rasipiberi pochotsa chivindikirocho
- Tengani ndi kuika makapu atatu a rasipiberi ayisikilimu mu mbale
- Tsegulani msuzi wa chokoleti ndikuwonjezera supuni ziwiri ku mbale imodzi
- Onjezerani kirimu wokwapulidwa mu mbale
- Kuwaza zonse ndi timitengo ta shuga ndikuyika chitumbuwa pamwamba
Chabwino, tsopano sipayenera kukhala mavuto aliwonse. Zikatero, ndinaonetsetsa kuti zonse zopangira luso langa lophikira zinali zotseguka.
Mphunzitsiyo anachotsa chivundikirocho, kukumba ndi kuika maayisikirimu atatu m’mbale. “Pomaliza, ayisikilimu wanga wokongola wayamba kukwaniritsidwa!” Kenako adatsegula msuzi wa chokoleti ndikuwonjezera supuni ziwiri mu mbaleyo. Sanawonjezere "msuzi wa chokoleti kuchokera pa supuni ziwiri" - musaganize choncho - iye, ndithudi, amaika spoons mu mbale. Palibe msuzi mwa iwo. Apanso, sindinavutike kulemba zonse ndendende. Zina zitachitika mwa mzimu womwewo, ndinalandira mbale ya ayisikilimu ndi supuni ziwiri, zomwe sizikuwoneka pansi pa nyanja ya kirimu wokwapulidwa. Pamwamba pake panali timitengo ta shuga.
Zikuwoneka kuti panthawiyi zidanditulukira: kompyuta imakhala yopanda kanthu. Sadziŵa zochitika zom'zungulira ndipo samangoganizira. Amangotsatira malangizo omveka bwino ndipo amawatsatira liwu ndi liwu.
Chotsatira changa chomaliza chinali zotsatira za mndandanda wautali koma wofunikira wa kuyesa ndi zolakwika:
- Ngati simunachite kale, tsegulani phukusi lililonse la rasipiberi ayisikilimu, msuzi wa chokoleti, kirimu wokwapulidwa, timitengo ta shuga.
- Tulutsani mbale ndikuyiyika patsogolo panu
- Tengani ayisikilimu ndi scoops atatu a rasipiberi ayisikilimu imodzi ndi imodzi mu mbale. Bwezerani kasupe wa ayisikilimu m'malo mwake.
- Tengani mtsuko wa msuzi wa chokoleti, sungani msuzi ndikutsanulira zomwe zili mu supuni mu mbale. Bwerezerani kukokomeza ndi kutsanulira kamodzinso. Ikani supuni ndi mtsuko m'malo mwake.
- Tengani phukusi la kirimu chokwapulidwa mozondoka, ndikuchigwira pamwamba pa mbale, kutsanulira pa ayisikilimu kwa masekondi atatu, kenaka bweretsani phukusilo kumalo ake.
- Tengani mtsuko wa timitengo ta shuga, kutsanulira pafupifupi timitengo makumi anayi mu mbale ndikubwezeretsanso mtsukowo.
- Tengani chitumbuwa chimodzi kuchokera m'mbale yamatcheri ndikuchiyika pamwamba pa ayisikilimu.
- Mpatseni wophunzira mbale yomalizidwa ayisikilimu ndi supuni.
Mfundo yomaliza inali yofunika kwambiri, chifukwa popanda izo, nthawi yomaliza yomwe mphunzitsiyo anangoyamba kudya ayisikilimu anga.
Koma izi ndi pulogalamu. Kupsinjika kopanga malangizo osamala a kompyuta. Kwenikweni, izi ndi zomwe chilankhulo chilichonse cha pulogalamu chimatsikirapo - kulemba malangizo.
Ntchito mu mapulogalamu
Kupanga mapulogalamu kwafika povuta kukambirana ngati bizinesi imodzi, monga momwe zimakhalira kugwiritsa ntchito liwu limodzi loti "programmer" monga kufotokozera ntchito. Madivelopa awiri akhoza kufunidwa mofanana ndi msika, podziwa zilankhulo zosiyana kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti luso lokulitsa ndilofunika kwambiri kuposa chidziwitso cha chinenero china. Chikhalidwe chapadziko lonse chomwe chimagawidwa ndi onse opanga bwino ndi mfundo zomveka.
Wopanga mapulogalamu abwino kwambiri ndi amene amatha kuyang'ana ma code kuchokera ku ngodya yatsopano. Ndipo izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa mapulogalamu ambiri amapulogalamu amaphatikiza zidutswa za code zoyipa. Nthawi zonse amayenera kusonkhanitsidwa pamodzi, kudzaza mipata ngati pakufunika. Anthu omwe sangathe kulumikiza madontho osiyana ndi mzere umodzi ayenera kukhala pambali mpaka kalekale.
Zonsezi zikundifikitsa ku chilengezo china, nthawi ino molimba mtima: chidziwitso choyambirira chakhala chiri ndipo chidzakhala chofunikira kwambiri kwa wopanga mapulogalamu.
Zinenero zimabwera ndi kupita. Ma Framework ayamba kutha, ndipo makampani akuyankha zomwe akufuna posintha ukadaulo womwe amagwiritsa ntchito. Kodi pali chinthu chimodzi chomwe sichidzasintha? Inde - chidziwitso chofunikira, chomwe chimatchedwa chofunikira chifukwa chimakhazikika pa chilichonse!
Momwe mungasinthire chidziwitso chofunikira
Chithunzi ndi Christopher pa
Ngati mukuyang'ana poyambira kuti muwongolere malingaliro anu omveka bwino, yesani kuyambira apa:
Dziwani zovuta za pulogalamu yanu
Amatchedwanso Big O "algorithm complexity" imatanthawuza kudalira kwa nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti achite pulogalamu pa kukula kwa deta yake. (n). Kusunga chala chanu pakuyenda kwa ma algorithms omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gawo lofunikira.
Dziwani ma data anu
Mapangidwe a data ali pamtima pa pulogalamu iliyonse yamakono. Kudziwa dongosolo loti mugwiritse ntchito pamenepa ndi chilango chokhachokha. Mapangidwe a data amakhudzana mwachindunji ndi zovuta za nthawi yothamanga, ndipo kusankha molakwika kungayambitse zovuta zazikulu zamachitidwe. Kupeza chinthu mu gulu ndi O (n), zomwe zimasonyeza kukwera mtengo kwa kugwiritsa ntchito magulu monga deta yolowetsa. Kufufuza kwa tebulo la Hash - O (1), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti panthawiyi nthawi yofufuza mtengo sidalira chiwerengero cha zinthu.
Anthu adabwera kwa ine kuti adzandifunse mafunso ndipo adanena kuti kufufuza m'magulu osiyanasiyana kunali kofulumira kuposa kufufuza pa tebulo la hashi. Ichi chinali chizindikiro chotsimikizika kuti simuyenera kuwalemba ntchito - dziwani mapangidwe anu a data.
Werengani / penyani / mverani
Masamba ngati , и - Chisankho chabwino kwambiri chophunzirira zilankhulo zatsopano zamapulogalamu. Koma pa zoyambira, fufuzani m'mabuku onena za mfundo, machitidwe, ndi masitayilo. Mabuku omwe akulimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi "Design Patterns", "Refactoring. Kupititsa patsogolo Code yomwe ilipo, "Perfect Code", "Code Code" ndi "Pragmatist Programmer". Pomaliza, wopanga aliyense ayenera kusunga kopi ya ""pa dzanja.
Yesetsani!
Simungathe kuphika mazira ophwanyidwa osathyola mazira. Masamba ngati , , , и perekani masauzande masauzande osangalatsa kuti muyese chidziwitso chanu pamapangidwe a data ndi ma aligorivimu. Yesani mwayi wanu kuthetsa vuto lomwe mumakonda, lembani yankho lanu pa Github, ndikuwona momwe ena adafikirako. Zomwe zimatifikitsa ku mfundo yomaliza:
Werengani ma code a anthu ena
Cholakwika chachikulu chomwe mungachite mukamapita njira yachitukuko ndikungopita nokha. Kupititsa patsogolo mapulogalamu makamaka ntchito yamagulu. Timapanga miyezo pamodzi, timalakwitsa pamodzi ndipo, ngakhale zolephera zonse, timakhala bwino pamodzi. Nthawi yothera powerenga ma code a anthu ena idzapindula kwambiri. Onetsetsani kuti ndi code yabwino.
Chabwino, upangiri wabwino kwambiri womwe ndingapereke ndikuti musachite manyazi kuti simukudziwapo kanthu. Monga tanenera kale, makampani athu ndi aakulu ndipo kuchuluka kwa teknoloji sikutha. Zimatengera nthawi yambiri komanso khama kuti mupange chithunzi chonse, makamaka kuti mukhale katswiri pazinthu zinazake, ndi dongosolo la ukulu kuti muwongolere luso lanu m'munda wanu. Ndidzakudziwitsani ndikadzakwaniritsa ndekha.
Source: www.habr.com