Tonse tinazolowera kuti nsanja zoyankhulirana ndi masts zimawoneka zotopetsa kapena zosawoneka bwino. Mwamwayi, m'mbiri panali - ndipo ndi - zitsanzo zosangalatsa, zachilendo za izi, makamaka, zomangamanga zothandiza. Taphatikiza mitundu yaying'ono yolumikizirana yomwe tapeza kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri.

Stockholm Tower

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi "lipenga" - mapangidwe achilendo komanso akale kwambiri pakusankha kwathu. Ndizovuta ngakhale kuyitcha "nsanja". Mu 1887, nsanja yaikulu inamangidwa kuchokera kuzitsulo zazitsulo ku Stockholm. Ndi turrets mumakona, mbendera ndi zokongoletsera kuzungulira kuzungulira - kukongola!

Nsanjayo inkawoneka yamatsenga makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, pamene mawaya anali oundana:

Mu 1913, nsanjayo inasiya kukhala malo a telefoni, koma sinagwetsedwe ndipo inasiyidwa ngati chizindikiro cha mzinda. Tsoka ilo, patapita zaka 40 ndendende moto unayaka m’nyumbayo, ndipo nsanjayo inayenera kugwetsedwa.

Microwave network

Mu 1948, kampani yaku America ya AT&T idakhazikitsa projekiti yokwera mtengo yopangira nsanja zolumikizirana pawailesi mumtundu wa microwave. Mu 1951, maukonde okhala ndi nsanja 107 adakhazikitsidwa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, zinali zotheka kuyimba mafoni m'dziko lonselo ndikutumiza chizindikiro cha TV pamlengalenga mokha, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ma waya. Mabelu a tinyanga tawo amafanana pang'ono ndi magalamafoni kapena okamba opangidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe ka nyanga zam'mbuyo.

Komabe, ma netiweki adasiyidwa pambuyo pake chifukwa kulumikizana ndi mawayilesi a microwave adasinthidwa ndi fiber optical. Tsogolo la nsanjazo lakhala losiyana: zina zimachita dzimbiri, zina zadulidwa muzitsulo zowonongeka, zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera mauthenga ndi makampani ang'onoang'ono; Zinsanja zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu a m’deralo pa zosowa zawo.

Wardenclyffe Tower

Nikola Tesla anali wanzeru, ndipo mwina adanyozedwabe. Mwina munali misala pang'ono. Mwina, ngati osunga ndalama sanamukhumudwitse, akanatha kulowa m’mbiri monga munthu amene anasintha moyo wa anthu onse. Koma tsopano tikhoza kungolingalira za izi.

Mu 1901, Tesla adayamba kumanga nsanja ya Wardenclyffe, yomwe idayenera kukhala maziko a njira yolumikizirana yodutsa panyanja. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo, ndi thandizo lake, Tesla ankafuna kutsimikizira kuthekera kofunikira kwa kufalitsa magetsi opanda zingwe - woyambitsayo adalakalaka kupanga dongosolo lapadziko lonse lapansi lotumizira magetsi, kuwulutsa pawailesi ndi mawayilesi. Kalanga, zokhumba zake zinali zosemphana ndi zofuna zamalonda za omwe amawagulitsa, kotero Tesla anangosiya kupereka ndalama kuti apitirize ntchitoyi, yomwe inayenera kutsekedwa mu 1905.

Nsanjayo idamangidwa pafupi ndi labotale ya Tesla:

Kalanga, ubongo wa namatetule sanapulumuke mpaka lero - nsanja inagwetsedwa mu 1917.

Chimphona cha nyanga zitatu

Koma nsanja iyi ndi yamoyo komanso yabwino, yogwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu komanso yothandiza. Nyumba yotalika mamita 298 inamangidwa paphiri ku San Francisco. Inamangidwa mu 1973 ndipo ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito poulutsa za wailesi yakanema ndi wailesi. Mpaka 2017, Sutro Tower inali nyumba yayitali kwambiri yomanga mumzindawu.

Kudina chithunzichi kudzatsegula chithunzi chokwanira:

Onani San Francisco kuchokera ku nsanja:

M'madzi osaya

Gulu lankhondo la US Air Force linamangapo nsanja zingapo zotumizirana mawailesi ku Gulf of Mexico.

M'munsi momwemo, m'madzi osaya, zitsulo zitatuzi zinkaikidwa pazitsulo za konkire, ndi milongoti yopyapyala yokhala ndi nsanja zomwe kanyumba kakang'ono kanatha kukwera pamwamba pa madzi. Zowoneka zachilendo kwambiri - mlongoti wotseguka womwe ukutuluka pakati panyanja.

Monga momwe zimakhalira, chitukuko cha njira zamakono zoyankhulirana zapangitsa nsanja kukhala zosafunikira, ndipo lero asilikali sakudziwa choti achite nawo: mwina kuwadula, kusefukira, kapena kuwasiya momwe alili. Ndikufunitsitsa kudziwa kuti pazaka zokhalapo, antennasi asintha mtundu wamiyendo wojambula ndi zachilengedwe zomwe amasankhidwa, ndipo asankhidwa ndi okonda kusodza kwa nyanja ndi kudumphiratu kuti nsanja zake osawonongedwa.

Pamaso pa wailesi

Ndipo kuti titsirize kusankha kwathu, tikufuna kulankhula za kupangidwa kwa Afalansa awiri, abale a Chappe. Mu 1792, adawonetsa zomwe zimatchedwa "semaphore" - nsanja yaying'ono yokhala ndi ndodo yozungulira yozungulira, kumapeto kwake komwe kunalinso mipiringidzo yozungulira. Abale a Shapp anaganiza zolembera zilembo ndi manambala a zilembo pogwiritsa ntchito malo osiyanasiyana a ndodo ndi mipiringidzo.

Mipiringidzo ndi bala zimayenera kuzunguliridwa pamanja. Masiku ano zonsezi zikuwoneka mochedwa komanso zovuta, ndipo pambali pake, dongosolo lotereli linali ndi vuto lalikulu: limadalira kwambiri nyengo ndi nthawi ya tsiku. Koma kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, ichi chinali chopambana chodabwitsa - mauthenga afupiafupi amatha kufalitsidwa pakati pa mizinda kudzera pansanja pafupifupi mphindi 20.

Ndipo pofika pakati pa zaka za m'ma 19, mitundu yonse ya matelegalamu owoneka - kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ma siginecha - idasinthidwa ndi matelegalamu amagetsi. Ndipo pazipilala zina zamamangidwe, ma turrets omwe nsanja za semaphore zidayima zimasungidwabe. Mwachitsanzo, padenga la Winter Palace.

Source: www.habr.com