Lofalitsidwa kope la 58 la mavoti a makompyuta apamwamba kwambiri

Kope la 58 la kusanja kwa makompyuta 500 ochita bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi lasindikizidwa. Pakumasulidwa kwatsopano, khumi apamwamba sanasinthe, koma masango 4 atsopano aku Russia akuphatikizidwa mu kusanja.

19, 36 ndi 40 malo mu kusanja anatengedwa ndi Russian masango Chervonenkis, Galushkin ndi Lyapunov, opangidwa ndi Yandex kuthetsa mavuto kuphunzira makina ndi kupereka ntchito 21.5, 16 ndi 12.8 petaflops, motero. Maguluwa amayendetsa Ubuntu 16.04 ndipo ali ndi mapurosesa a AMD EPYC 7xxx ndi NVIDIA A100 GPUs: gulu la Chervonenkis lili ndi node 199 (193 AMD EPYC 7702 64C 2GH cores ndi 1592 NVIDIAGs A100 EPY 80 AMD GPUs - EPY 136 AMD EPY 134 EPY 7702 EPYC GPU mitima C 64 2C 1088GH ndi 100 GPU NVIDIA A80 137G), Lyapunov - 130 mfundo (7662 zikwi mitima AMD EPYC 64 2C 1096GHz ndi 100 GPU NVIDIA A40 XNUMXG).

Pamalo a 43 panali gulu latsopano la Sberbank, Christofari Neo, lomwe likuyendetsa NVIDIA DGX OS 5 (kope la Ubuntu) ndikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito a 11.9 petaflops. Gululi lili ndi makina opitilira 98 otengera makina a AMD EPYC 7742 64C 2.25GHz CPU ndipo amabwera ndi NVIDIA A100 80GB GPU. Gulu la Sberbank Christofari lomwe linakhazikitsidwa kale lidachoka pa 61 mpaka 72 mu kusanja kwa theka la chaka.

Magulu ena awiri apakhomo amakhalabe paudindo: Lomonosov 2 - adachoka ku 199 kupita ku 241 (mu 2015, masango a Lomonosov 2 adatenga malo 31, ndipo m'malo mwake Lomonosov mu 2011 - 13 malo) ndi MTS GROM - adachoka ku 240 mpaka 294. malo . Choncho, chiwerengero cha masango m'banja mu kusanja chinawonjezeka kuchokera 3 mpaka 7 pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi (poyerekeza, mu 2020 panali 2 machitidwe zoweta mu kusanja, mu 2017 - 5, ndi 2012 - 12).

Ponena za kuchuluka konse, gulu la Japan Fugaku, lomangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma processor a ARM, limakhalabe pamalo oyamba. Gulu la Fugaku lili ku RIKEN Institute for Physical and Chemical Research ndipo limapereka magwiridwe antchito a 442 petaflops. Gululi limaphatikizapo ma node 158976 kutengera Fujitsu A64FX SoC, yokhala ndi 48-core Armv8.2-A SVE CPU (512 bit SIMD) yokhala ndi mawotchi pafupipafupi a 2.2GHz. Ponseponse, gululi lili ndi ma processor cores opitilira 7.6 miliyoni (katatu kuposa mtsogoleri wakale), 5 PB ya RAM ndi 150 PB yosungidwa yogawana kutengera Luster FS. Red Hat Enterprise Linux imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati makina opangira. Kutalika konse kwa zingwe za kuwala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza mfundozo ndi pafupifupi makilomita 850.

Pamalo achiwiri pali gulu la Summit, lomwe linatumizidwa ndi IBM ku Oak Ridge National Laboratory (USA). Gululi limayendetsa Red Hat Enterprise Linux ndipo limaphatikizapo ma processor cores 2.4 miliyoni (22-core IBM Power9 22C 3.07GHz CPUs ndi NVIDIA Tesla V100 accelerators amagwiritsidwa ntchito), omwe amapereka ntchito ya 148 petaflops, yomwe ili pafupifupi katatu kuposa mtsogoleriyo. mlingo.

Malo achitatu ali ndi gulu la American Sierra, lokhazikitsidwa ku Livermore National Laboratory ndi IBM pamaziko a nsanja yofanana ndi Summit ndikuwonetsa ntchito za 94 petaflops (pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni cores). Red Hat Enterprise Linux imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati makina opangira.

Pamalo achinayi pali gulu la Chinese Sunway TaihuLight, lomwe likugwira ntchito ku National Supercomputer Center ku China, kuphatikiza ma cores opitilira 10 miliyoni a makompyuta ndikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito a 93 petaflops. Ngakhale kuti pali zizindikiro zofanana, gulu la Sierra limagwiritsa ntchito theka la mphamvu monga Sunway TaihuLight. Makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi omwe amagawa Linux RaiseOS.

Pamalo achisanu pali gulu la Perlmutter, lopangidwa ndi HPE ndipo lili ku National Energy Research Center ku USA. Gululi limaphatikizapo ma cores 761 kutengera AMD EPYC 7763 64C 2.45GHz CPU ndipo imapereka magwiridwe antchito a 71 petaflops. Makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi Cray OS.

Zosangalatsa kwambiri:

• Kugawidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa makompyuta apamwamba m'mayiko osiyanasiyana:
  • China: 173 (188 - miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo). Ponseponse, magulu achi China amapanga 17.5% ya zokolola zonse (miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo - 19.4%);
  • USA: 149 (122). Zokolola zonse zimayesedwa pa 32.5% (miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo - 30.7%);
  • Japan: 32 (34);
  • Germany: 26 (23);
  • France: 19 (16);
  • Netherlands: 11 (16);
  • UK: 11(11);
  • Canada 11 (11);
  • Russia 7 (3);
  • South Korea 7 (5)
  • Italy: 6 (6);
  • Saudi Arabia 6 (6);
  • Brazil 5 (6);
  • Sweden 4 (3);
  • Poland 4 (4);
  • Australia, India, Switzerland, Finland: 3.
• Pakusanja kwa machitidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makompyuta apamwamba, Linux yokha yatsalira kwa zaka zinayi ndi theka;
• Kugawa ndi kugawa kwa Linux (m'mabulaketi - zaka ziwiri zapitazo):
  • 51.6% (49.6%) safotokoza mwatsatanetsatane kugawa,
  • 18% (26.4%) amagwiritsa ntchito CentOS,
  • 7.6% (4.8%) - RHEL,
  • 7% (6.8%) - Cray Linux,
  • 5.4% (2%) - Ubuntu;
  • 4% (3%) - SUSE,
  • 0.2% (0.4%) - Linux Sayansi
• Zocheperako zolowera mu Top500 m'miyezi 6 zidakwera kuchokera ku 1511 mpaka 1649 teraflops (zaka zitatu zapitazo, masango 272 okha adawonetsa magwiridwe antchito kuposa petaflop, zaka zinayi zapitazo - 138, zaka zisanu zapitazo - 94). Kwa Top100, malo olowera adakwera kuchokera ku 4124 mpaka 4788 teraflops;
• Ntchito yonse ya machitidwe onse muyeso idakwera kuchokera pa 2.8 mpaka 3 exaflops pa chaka (zaka ziwiri zapitazo zinali 1.650 exaflops, ndipo zaka zisanu zapitazo - 566 petaflops). Dongosolo lomwe limatseka masanjidwe apano linali la 433 m'magazini yapitayi, ndipo mu 401st chaka chatha;
• Kugawidwa kwa chiwerengero cha makompyuta apamwamba kwambiri m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi ndi motere: Makompyuta apamwamba a 226 ali ku Asia (245 miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo), 160 ku North America (133) ndi 105 ku Ulaya (113), 5 ku South America. (6), 3 ku Oceania (2) ndi 1 ku Africa (1);
• Monga purosesa base, Intel CPUs ali patsogolo - 81.6% (zaka ziwiri zapitazo inali 94%), AMD ili m'malo achiwiri ndi 14.6% (0.6% !!), ndipo IBM Power ili m'malo achitatu ndi 1.4% ( anali 2.8%). Pali kukula kwakukulu kwamagulu kutengera ma processor a AMD; mwachitsanzo, makina onse atsopano omwe akuphatikizidwa mu Top15 ali ndi ma CPU a AMD.
• 26.6% (zaka ziwiri zapitazo 35.6%) ya mapurosesa onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ali ndi 20 cores, 17.6% - 24 cores, 11.2% - 64 cores, 8.6% (13.8%) - 16 cores, 8.2% (11%) - 18 cores, 5.8 % (11.2%) - 12 cores.
• 149 mwa machitidwe 500 (zaka ziwiri zapitazo - 144) amagwiritsanso ntchito ma accelerator kapena coprocessors, ndi machitidwe 143 omwe amagwiritsa ntchito tchipisi ta NVIDIA, 2 - Intel Xeon Phi (kuchokera ku 5), 1 - PEZY (1), ndi 1 AMD Vega GPU;
• Mwa opanga magulu, Lenovo adatenga malo oyamba - 36.8% (zaka ziwiri zapitazo 34.8%), Inspur adatenga malo achiwiri - 11.6% (13.2%), Hewlett-Packard Enterprise adatenga malo achitatu - 9% (7%), ndikutsatiridwa ndi Sugon 7.8 % (14.2%), Atos - 7.2% (4.6%), Cray 6.4% (7%), Dell EMC 3.2% (2.2%), Fujitsu 3% (2.6%), NVIDIA 2.4 (1.2%), NEC 2% , Huawei 1.4% (2%), IBM 1.4% (2.6%), Penguin Computing - 1.4% (2.2%). Zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo, kugawa pakati pa opanga kunali motere: Hewlett-Packard 36%, IBM 35%, Cray 10.2% ndi SGI 3.8%;
• Ethernet imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza node mu 49.4% (zaka ziwiri zapitazo 52%) ya masango, InfiniBand imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 33.6% (28%) yamagulu, Omnipath - 8.4% (10%). Kuyang'ana magwiridwe antchito onse, machitidwe ozikidwa pa InfiniBand amawerengera 43.3% ya magwiridwe antchito onse a Top500, pomwe Ethernet imawerengera 21.3%.

Posachedwapa, kutulutsidwa kwatsopano kwa Graph 500 njira ina yamagulu amagulu akuyembekezeka kusindikizidwa, yoyang'ana kwambiri pakuwunika momwe mapulatifomu apamwamba amagwirira ntchito okhudzana ndi kuyerekezera zochitika zakuthupi ndi ntchito zokonza zambiri zomwe zili m'makinawa. Ma Green500, HPCG (High-Performance Conjugate Gradient) ndi HPL-AI masanjidwe amaphatikizidwa ndi Top500 ndipo amawonetsedwa pagulu lalikulu la Top500.

Source: opennet.ru