Kuchokera pakupanga ma process mpaka kumapangidwe ka makina (Gawo 1)

"Tsiku lina m'moyo wa gologolo" kapena kuchokera pakupanga njira mpaka kupanga makina owerengera chuma "Belka-1.0" (Gawo 1)

Chithunzi chinagwiritsidwa ntchito pa "Nthano ya Tsar Saltan" yolembedwa ndi A.S. Pushkin, yofalitsidwa ndi Children's Literature, Moscow, 1949, Leningrad, zojambula za K. Kuznetsov

Kodi “gologolo” akugwirizana bwanji nazo?

Ndikufotokozerani nthawi yomweyo zomwe "squirrel" akugwirizana nazo. Titakumana ndi mapulojekiti osangalatsa pa intaneti ophunzirira UML kutengera gawo lankhani yobwerekedwa kunthano (mwachitsanzo, apa [1]), Ndinaganizanso zokonzekera chitsanzo chofananachi kwa ophunzira anga kuti aphunzire mitundu itatu yokha ya zithunzi zoyambira: Chithunzi cha Zochita, Zojambula Zogwiritsa Ntchito ndi Zojambula Mkalasi. Sindimasulira dala mayina azithunzizo mu Chirasha kuti ndipewe mikangano yokhudza "zovuta zomasulira." Ndikufotokozerani za mtsogolo pang'ono. Mu chitsanzo ichi ndikugwiritsa ntchito chimango cha Enterprise Architect kuchokera ku kampani yaku Australia Sparx Systems [2] - chida chabwino pamtengo wokwanira. Ndipo monga gawo la maphunziro anga ndimagwiritsa ntchito Modelo [3], chida chabwino chaulere chopangidwa ndi chinthu chomwe chimathandizira miyezo ya UML2.0 ndi BPMN, popanda mabelu osafunikira ndi malikhweru malinga ndi kuthekera kowonera, koma zokwanira pophunzira zoyambira zachilankhulocho.

Tidzasintha ntchito yowerengera zinthu zakuthupi, zomwe zimachitika munjira izi.

...
Chilumba chili panyanja, (E1, E2)
Pali matalala pachilumbachi (E3, E1)
Ndi mipingo yolamulidwa ndi golide, (E4)
Ndi nsanja ndi minda; (E5, E6)
Mtengo wa spruce umamera kutsogolo kwa nyumba yachifumu, (E7, E8)
Ndipo pansi pake pali nyumba ya kristalo; (E9)
Gologolo woweta amakhala kumeneko, (A1)
Inde, zinali zosangalatsa bwanji! (A1)
Gologolo amaimba nyimbo, (P1, A1)
Inde, amangodya mtedza, (P2)
Koma mtedza siwophweka, (C1)
Zipolopolo zonse ndi zagolide, (C2)
Pakatikati pake ndi emarodi weniweni; (C3)
Antchito amateteza gologolo, (P3, A2)
Amamutumikira monga antchito osiyanasiyana (P4)
Ndipo kalaliki adapatsidwa (A3)
Nkhani yokhwima ya mtedza ndi nkhani; (P5, C1)
Ankhondo akupereka moni kwa iye; (P6, A4)
Ndalama imatsanulidwa kuchokera ku zipolopolo, (P7, C2, C4)
Asiyeni iwo ayende kuzungulira dziko; (P8)
Atsikana amatsanulira emarodi (P9, A5, C3)
M’zipinda zosungiramo zinthu, ndi m’nsanja; (E10, E11)
...
(A.S. Pushkin "Nthano ya Tsar Saltan, ya ngwazi yake yaulemerero ndi yamphamvu Prince Guidon Saltanovich ndi wokongola Princess Swan", Ntchito ya nthanoyi inayamba mu 1822; nthanoyi inasindikizidwa koyamba ndi Pushkin mu "ndakatulo ya A. Pushkin" (Gawo III, 1832, pp. 130-181) - Zaka 10 kuchokera pamalingaliro mpaka kufalitsidwa, mwa njira!)

Pang'ono ndi zizindikiro zomwe zalembedwa kumanja kwa mizere. "A" (kuchokera ku "Actor") amatanthauza kuti mzerewu uli ndi zambiri za omwe akutenga nawo mbali pakuchitapo kanthu. "C" (kuchokera ku "Kalasi") - zambiri za zinthu za m'kalasi zomwe zimakonzedwa panthawi ya ndondomeko. "E" (kuchokera ku "Environment") - zambiri za zinthu zamagulu zomwe zimadziwika ndi chilengedwe pochita njira. "P" (kuchokera ku "Njira") - zambiri zokhudza njira zomwezo.

Mwa njira, kutanthauzira kwenikweni kwa ndondomeko kumanenanso kuti ndi chifukwa cha mikangano ya njira, pokhapokha chifukwa chakuti pali njira zosiyanasiyana: bizinesi, kupanga, zamakono, ndi zina zotero. ndi zina zotero. (mutha kudziwa, mwachitsanzo, apa [4] ndi apa [5]). Kuti tipewe mikangano, tiyeni tivomereze Tili ndi chidwi ndi njirayi kuchokera pakuwona kubwereza kwake pakapita nthawi komanso kufunikira kwa automation,ndi. kusamutsa kuchitidwa kwa gawo lililonse la ntchitoyo kupita ku makina odzichitira okha.

Zolemba pakugwiritsa ntchito chithunzi cha Ntchito

Tiyeni tiyambe kupanga chitsanzo cha ndondomeko yathu ndikugwiritsa ntchito chithunzithunzi cha Zochitika pa izi. Choyamba, ndiloleni ndikufotokozereni momwe ma code omwe ali pamwambawa adzagwiritsire ntchito pachitsanzo. Ndikosavuta kufotokoza pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chojambula, koma nthawi yomweyo tidzasanthula zina (pafupifupi zonse zomwe tikufunikira) za chithunzi cha Ntchito.
Tiyeni tiwunike chidutswa chotsatirachi:

...
Gologolo amaimba nyimbo, (P1, A1)
Inde, amangodya mtedza, (P2)
Koma mtedza siwophweka, (C1)
Zipolopolo zonse ndi zagolide, (C2)
Pakatikati pake ndi emarodi weniweni; (C3)
...

Tili ndi masitepe awiri a P1 ndi P2, otenga nawo mbali A1, ndi zinthu zamagulu atatu osiyanasiyana: chinthu cha kalasi C1 ndikulowetsa ku sitepe, zinthu zamakalasi C2 ndi C3 zimatuluka chifukwa cha ntchito ya sitepe iyi P2. ndondomeko. Pachithunzichi timagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotsatirazi.

Chidutswa cha ndondomeko yathu chikhoza kuyimiridwa motere (Chithunzi 1).

Chithunzi 1. Chidutswa cha chithunzi cha ntchito

Kukonza danga ndikukonza chithunzi cha Ntchito, tidzagwiritsa ntchito njira yosagwirizana, malinga ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kakale ka mawu a UML. Koma pali zifukwa zingapo. Choyamba, tisanayambe kupanga chitsanzo tidzapanga zomwe zimatchedwa pangano lachitsanzo, momwe timajambulira mawonekedwe onse ogwiritsira ntchito notation. Kachiwiri, njira iyi idagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza pagawo lachitsanzo chamabizinesi muma projekiti enieni kuti apange mapulogalamu apulogalamu; zotsatira zake zidalembedwa ndi gulu lathu laling'ono la olemba muzinthu zofananira za kukopera [6], ndipo zidagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu bukhu lophunzitsira [ 7]. Pachithunzi cha Ntchito, timatanthauzira kuti gawo lachithunzi limapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito "njira zosambira". Dzina la njanjilo likugwirizana ndi mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zidzayikidwe panjirayo.

"Zolemba ndi zotulutsa": Nyimboyi idzakhala ndi zinthu za Objects - zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena zomwe zimadza chifukwa chotsatira ndondomeko.
"Njira zopangira": Apa tiyika Zochita - zochita za omwe akutenga nawo mbali.
"Ochita nawo": njira ya zinthu zomwe zidzasonyeze udindo wa ochita zochitika mu ndondomeko yathu; kwa iwo tidzagwiritsa ntchito chinthu chomwecho chachitsanzo - chinthu, koma tidzawonjezera "Actor" stereotype kwa icho.
Nyimbo yotsatirayi imatchedwa "Malamulo a Bizinesi" ndipo panjirayi tiyika m'malemba malamulo oyendetsera ndondomekoyi, ndipo chifukwa cha izi tidzagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha Note Note - cholemba.
Tiyima apa, ngakhale titha kugwiritsanso ntchito njirayo "Zida" kusonkhanitsa zambiri za mlingo wa ndondomeko zochita zokha. Njira ingakhalenso yothandiza "Maudindo ndi magawano a ophunzira", ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kugwirizanitsa maudindo ndi maudindo ndi madipatimenti a otenga nawo mbali.

Chilichonse chomwe ndangofotokozachi ndi chidutswa ma modelling Convention, gawo ili la mgwirizano likukhudzana ndi malamulo okonzekera chithunzi chimodzi ndipo, molingana ndi malamulo olembera ndi kuwerenga.

"Maphikidwe"

Tsopano tiyeni tiganizire njira yopangira chitsanzo mwapadera kuchokera pa chithunzi cha Ntchito. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazosankha, ndikuzindikira kuti, ndithudi, si chokhacho. Chojambula cha Ntchito chidzatisangalatsa ife kuchokera pakuwona kwa gawo lake pakusintha kuchoka ku ndondomeko ya ndondomeko kupita ku mapangidwe a makina opangira makina. Kuti tichite izi, tidzatsatira malangizo a methodological - mtundu wa Chinsinsi chomwe chili ndi magawo asanu okha ndikupereka chitukuko cha mitundu itatu yokha ya zithunzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi kudzatithandiza kupeza kufotokozera momveka bwino za ndondomeko yomwe tikufuna kupanga ndi kusonkhanitsa deta yokonza dongosolo. Ndipo kwa ophunzira omwe akuyamba kuphunzira UML, uwu ndi mtundu wa moyo womwe sudzawalola kumira m'njira zosiyanasiyana zowonera ndi njira zomwe zimapezeka mu UML ndi zida zamakono zamakono.

Apa, kwenikweni, ndi Chinsinsi chokha, ndiyeno tsatirani zithunzi zomwe zimapangidwira gawo lathu la "fairytale".

Gawo 1. Timalongosola ndondomekoyi ngati chithunzi cha Ntchito. Pakuti ndondomeko ndi masitepe oposa 10, n'zomveka kugwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko sitepe kuwola mfundo kusintha kuwerenga kwa chithunzi.

Gawo 2. Sankhani zomwe zitha kukhala zokha (masitepe atha kuwunikira pazithunzi, mwachitsanzo).

Gawo 3. Njira yodzipangira yokha iyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito kapena ntchito za dongosolo (ubale ukhoza kukhala wochuluka-kwa-ambiri), jambulani chithunzi chogwiritsa ntchito. Izi ndi ntchito za dongosolo lathu.

Gawo 4. Tiyeni tifotokoze za bungwe la AS pogwiritsa ntchito kalasi - Kalasi. Njira yosambira ya "Zolemba ndi Zotulutsa (Zolemba)" mu chithunzi cha Ntchito ndi maziko opangira chitsanzo cha chinthu ndi chitsanzo cha chiyanjano.

Gawo 5. Tiyeni tifufuze zolemba pa "Malamulo a Bizinesi"., amapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zoletsa ndi zikhalidwe, zomwe zimasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono kukhala zofunikira zosagwira ntchito.
Zotsatira zazithunzi (Zochita, Zogwiritsa Ntchito, Kalasi) zimatipatsa malongosoledwe okhazikika m'mawu okhwima, mwachitsanzo. ali ndi kuwerenga kosawerengeka. Tsopano mutha kupanga ukadaulo, kumveketsa zofunikira, ndi zina.

Tiyeni tiyambe kutengera chitsanzo.

Gawo 1. Fotokozani ndondomekoyi ngati chithunzi cha zochita

Ndiroleni ndikukumbutseni kuti tidapanga gawo lachithunzichi pogwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe "osambira"; msewu uliwonse uli ndi zinthu zamtundu womwewo (Chithunzi 2). Kuphatikiza pazithunzi zomwe tafotokozazi, tidzagwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera, tiyeni tifotokoze.

Chisankho (Chisankho) chimatanthawuza gawo la nthambi ya ndondomeko yathu mujambula, ndi kugwirizanitsa ulusi (Kuphatikiza) - mfundo yogwirizanitsanso. Zosintha zimalembedwa m'mabulaketi masikweya pakusintha.

Pakati pa synchronizers awiri (Fork) tidzasonyeza kufanana ndondomeko nthambi.
Njira yathu ikhoza kukhala ndi chiyambi chimodzi - malo amodzi (Poyamba). Koma pakhoza kukhala zomaliza zingapo (Zomaliza), koma osati pazithunzi zathu zenizeni.

Pali mivi yambiri; ndi kuchuluka kwazinthu ndi zolumikizira, mutha kuzindikira kaye magawo anjirayo, kenako ndikuwola kwa magawowa. Koma kuti zimveke bwino, ndikufuna kusonyeza ndondomeko yathu ya "nthano" kwathunthu pa chithunzi chimodzi, pamene, ndithudi, tiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mivi "samamatirana", ndizotheka kutsata molondola zomwe zikugwirizana. ku chiyani.

Chithunzi 2. Chithunzi cha ntchito - mawonekedwe onse a ndondomekoyi

Chifukwa m'mizere yandakatulo, zina za ndondomekoyi zimasiyidwa, zimayenera kubwezeretsedwanso, zimawonetsedwa ndi zinthu zokhala ndi maziko oyera. Izi zikuphatikiza gawo la Transfer/Reception for Storage and Processing ndi zinthu zingapo zoyikapo ndi zotuluka. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti sitepe iyi sichikuwululiranso ndondomekoyi, chifukwa tifunika kusankha padera gawo lopatsirana ndi gawo lolandirira, komanso kuwonjezera gawo lina la zipolopolo, ndikuganiza kuti poyamba zinthu zonsezi ziyenera kusungidwa kwakanthawi kwinakwake, ndi zina. ndi zina zotero.
Tiyeni tionenso kuti funso la chiyambi cha mtedza silinayankhidwe - zimachokera kuti ndipo zimafika bwanji kwa gologolo? Ndipo funso ili (lidawunikiridwa ndi zilembo zofiyira mucholembacho - chinthu cha Note) limafuna kuphunzira kosiyana! Umu ndi momwe katswiri amagwirira ntchito - kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso pang'onopang'ono, kupanga malingaliro ndikulandira "chabwino" kapena "zili bwino" kuchokera kwa akatswiri a nkhani - anthu ofunikira kwambiri komanso osasinthika omwe ali pamlingo wopanga mabizinesi popanga machitidwe.

Dziwaninso kuti njira P5 ili ndi magawo awiri.

Ndipo tidzawola gawo lililonse ndikuliganizira mwatsatanetsatane (Chithunzi 3, Chithunzi 4), chifukwa ntchito zomwe zidzachitike mkati mwa njirazi zidzangochitika zokha.

Chithunzi 3. Chithunzi cha zochita - tsatanetsatane (gawo 1)

Chithunzi 4. Chithunzi cha zochita - tsatanetsatane (gawo 2)

Gawo 2. Sankhani zomwe zitha kukhala zokha

Masitepe oti adzipangire okha amawonetsedwa mumitundu pazithunzi (onani Chithunzi 3, Chithunzi 4).

Zonsezi zimachitidwa ndi mmodzi mwa otenga nawo mbali pa ntchitoyi - Mlembi:

• Amalowetsamo zambiri za kulemera kwa mtedza mu mawu;
• Amalowetsa zambiri za kusamutsidwa kwa nati mu mawu;
• Amalemba za kusintha kwa mtedza kukhala chipolopolo ndi kernel;
• Lowetsani zambiri za nut kernel mu mawu;
• Lowetsani zambiri za zipolopolo za mtedza pamndandanda.

Kusanthula ntchito yomwe yachitika. Chotsatira ndi chiyani?

Kotero, tachita ntchito yokonzekera yochuluka: tasonkhanitsa zambiri zokhudza ndondomeko yomwe tidzakhala tikuchita; anayamba kupanga mgwirizano pa chitsanzo (mpaka pano pokhapokha pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi cha Ntchito); anachita kayeseleledwe wa ndondomeko ndipo ngakhale decomposed angapo masitepe ake; Tidazindikira masitepe omwe titha kupanga makina. Tsopano ndife okonzeka kupita ku masitepe otsatirawa ndikuyamba kupanga momwe dongosololi limagwirira ntchito komanso dongosolo lamkati.

Monga mukudziwa, chiphunzitso popanda kuchita kanthu. Muyenera kuyesa "chitsanzo" ndi manja anu, izi ndizothandizanso kumvetsetsa njira yomwe mukufuna. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kugwira ntchito m'malo achitsanzo Modelo [3]. Tangowola gawo limodzi la masitepe azithunzi zonse (onani Chithunzi 2). Monga ntchito yothandiza, mutha kufunsidwa kuti mubwerezenso zojambula zonse zomwe zili m'malo a Modelio ndikupanga kuwonongeka kwa gawo la "Transfer / Reception for Storage and Processing".
Sitikuganiza zogwira ntchito m'malo enaake achitsanzo, koma izi zitha kukhala nkhani yankhani zodziyimira pawokha ndi ndemanga.

Mu gawo lachiwiri la nkhaniyi, tisanthula njira zopangira ndi kapangidwe kake kofunikira pamagawo 3-5; tidzagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a UML ndi zithunzi zamakalasi. Zipitilizidwa.

Mndandanda wa magwero

1. Webusaiti "UML2.ru". Analyst Community Forum. General gawo. Zitsanzo. Zitsanzo za nthano zojambulidwa ngati zithunzi za UML. [Njira yamagetsi] Njira yofikira: intaneti: http://www.uml2.ru/forum/index.php?topic=486.0
2. Tsamba la Sparx Systems. [Njira yamagetsi] Njira yofikira: intaneti: https://sparxsystems.com
3. Webusaiti ya Modelio. [Njira yamagetsi] Njira yofikira: intaneti: https://www.modelio.org
4. Big Encyclopedic Dictionary. Njira (kutanthauzira). [Njira yamagetsi] Njira yofikira: intaneti: https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc3p/246322
5. Webusaiti ya "Organisation of Effective Management". Blog. Gulu "Business Process Management". Tanthauzo la ndondomeko ya bizinesi. [Njira yamagetsi] Njira yofikira: intaneti: https://rzbpm.ru/knowledge/pochemu-processy-stali-s-pristavkoj-biznes.html
6. Sitifiketi No. 18249 pa kulembetsa ndi kusungitsa ntchito yaluntha. Alfimov R.V., Zolotukhina E.B., Krasnikova S.A. Zolemba pamanja za chithandizo chophunzitsira chotchedwa "Kuwonetsa gawo la phunziro pogwiritsa ntchito Enterprise Architect" // 2011.
7. Zolotukhina E.B., Vishnya A.S., Krasnikova S.A. Business process modeling. - M.: COURSE, SIC INFRA-M, EBS Znanium.com. — 2017.

Source: www.habr.com