Mitundu yonse ya DNA yamoyo yomwe asayansi amaphunzira imasungidwa m'nkhokwe ya National Center for Biotechnology Information ku United States. Ndipo pa Epulo 1, cholembera chatsopano chidawonekera: "Caulobacter ethensis-2.0." Uwu ndi mtundu woyamba padziko lonse lapansi wopangidwa motengera makompyuta kenako ndikupangidwa ndi chamoyo chamoyo, opangidwa ndi asayansi ochokera ku ETH Zurich (ETH Zurich). Komabe, ziyenera kutsindika kuti ngakhale kuti chibadwa cha C. ethensis-2.0 chinapezedwa bwino mu mawonekedwe a molekyu yaikulu ya DNA, chamoyo chofananacho sichinakhalepo.
Ntchito yofufuzayo inachitidwa ndi Beat Christen, pulofesa wa experimental systems biology, ndi mbale wake Matthias Christen, katswiri wa zamankhwala. Genome yatsopano, yotchedwa Caulobacter ethensis-2.0, idapangidwa poyeretsa ndi kukonza ma code achilengedwe a bacterium Caulobacter crescentus, bakiteriya wosavulaza yemwe amakhala m'madzi abwino padziko lonse lapansi.
Zaka zoposa khumi zapitazo, gulu lotsogozedwa ndi katswiri wa zachibadwa Craig Venter linapanga mabakiteriya oyambirira βopangaβ. M'kati mwa ntchito yawo, asayansi adapanga kopi ya genome ya Mycoplasma mycoides, kenako idayikidwa mu cell chonyamulira, yomwe idakhala yotheka ndikusunga mphamvu yodzibereka yokha.
Phunziro latsopanoli likupitiriza ntchito ya Kreiger. Ngati m'mbuyomu asayansi adapanga chithunzi cha digito cha DNA ya chamoyo chenicheni ndikupanga molekyulu yochokera pamenepo, polojekiti yatsopanoyo imapita patsogolo, pogwiritsa ntchito kachidindo koyambirira ka DNA. Asayansi anaikonzanso kwambiri asanaipange ndi kuyesa momwe imagwirira ntchito.
Ofufuzawo adayamba ndi genome yoyambirira ya C. crescentus, yomwe ili ndi majini 4000. Mofanana ndi zamoyo zilizonse, zambiri mwa majini amenewa alibe chidziwitso chilichonse ndipo ndi "DNA yosafunika". Pambuyo pofufuza, asayansi adapeza kuti pafupifupi 680 okha a iwo ndi ofunikira kuti akhalebe ndi moyo wa mabakiteriya mu labotale.
Pambuyo pochotsa DNA yosafunika ndi kupeza jini yochepa ya C. crescentus, gululo linapitiriza ntchito yawo. DNA ya zamoyo zamoyo imadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa redundancy yomangidwanso, yomwe imakhala ndi mfundo yakuti kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni omwewo amalembedwa ndi majini osiyanasiyana m'magawo angapo a unyolo. Ofufuzawo adalowa m'malo oposa 1/6 mwa zilembo 800 za DNA kuti azitha kuchotsa ma code obwereza.
"Tithokoze chifukwa cha algorithm yathu, talembanso jini kukhala mndandanda watsopano wa zilembo za DNA zomwe sizilinso zofanana ndi zoyambirira," akutero Beat Christen, wolemba nawo kafukufukuyu. "Nthawi yomweyo, ntchito yachilengedwe pamlingo wa protein synthesis sinasinthe."
Kuti aone ngati tcheni chotsatiracho chingagwire ntchito bwino mu selo lamoyo, ochita kafukufukuwo adakulitsa mtundu wa mabakiteriya omwe anali ndi genome yachilengedwe ya Caulobacter ndi zigawo za genome yopangira mu DNA yake. Asayansi anazimitsa majini achilengedwe ndi kuyesa mphamvu za anzawo ochita kupanga kuti agwire ntchito yofananira. Zotsatira zake zinali zochititsa chidwi: pafupifupi 580 mwa 680 majini ochita kupanga adakhala akugwira ntchito.
"Ndi chidziwitso chomwe tapeza, titha kukonza ma algorithm athu ndikupanga mtundu watsopano wa genome 3.0," akutero Kristen. "Tikukhulupirira kuti posachedwa tipanga maselo amoyo a bakiteriya okhala ndi genome yopangidwa kwathunthu."
Pa gawo loyamba, maphunziro oterowo adzathandiza akatswiri azachilengedwe kuti awone kulondola kwa chidziwitso chawo pakumvetsetsa DNA ndi udindo wa majini omwe ali mmenemo, chifukwa cholakwika chilichonse pakuphatikizika kwa unyolo chidzatsogolera ku mfundo yakuti chamoyocho ndi matupi atsopano adzafa kapena kukhala opanda chilema. M'tsogolomu, zidzachititsa kuti pakhale tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timagwira ntchito. Mavairasi ochita kupanga adzatha kulimbana ndi achibale awo achilengedwe, ndipo mabakiteriya apadera adzatulutsa mavitamini kapena mankhwala.
Kafukufukuyu adasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala ya PNAS.
Source: 3dnews.ru