Zojambula za pixel kwa oyamba kumene: malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito
Opanga ma indie nthawi zambiri amayenera kuphatikiza maudindo angapo nthawi imodzi: wopanga masewera, wopanga mapulogalamu, wolemba, wojambula. Ndipo zikafika pazithunzi, anthu ambiri amasankha zojambulajambula za pixel - poyang'ana koyamba zikuwoneka zosavuta. Koma kuti muchite bwino, muyenera kudziwa zambiri komanso luso linalake. Ndinapeza phunziro kwa iwo omwe angoyamba kumvetsetsa zofunikira za kalembedwe kameneka: ndi kufotokozera kwa mapulogalamu apadera ndi zojambula zojambula pogwiritsa ntchito ma sprites awiri monga chitsanzo.
Mbiri
Zojambula za Pixel ndi mtundu waukadaulo wa digito momwe zosintha zimapangidwira pamlingo wa pixel. Imalumikizidwa makamaka ndi zithunzi zamasewera apakanema kuyambira 80s ndi 90s. Kalelo, ojambula amayenera kuganizira zolephera kukumbukira komanso kutsika kochepa. Masiku ano, zaluso za pixel zimatchukabe m'masewera komanso ngati kalembedwe kake, ngakhale mutha kupanga zithunzi zenizeni za 3D. Chifukwa chiyani? Nostalgia pambali, kupanga ntchito yabwino mkati mwa dongosolo lolimba chotero ndi vuto losangalatsa komanso lopindulitsa.
Cholepheretsa kulowa muzojambula za pixel ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi zaluso zachikhalidwe ndi zithunzi za 3D, zomwe zimakopa opanga ma indie. Koma zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti zidzakhala zosavuta kumaliza masewera mu style iyi. Ndawonapo opanga ma indie ambiri okhala ndi ma pixel art metroidvanias pamapulatifomu opangira ndalama. Iwo ankaganiza kuti amaliza zonse mβchaka chimodzi, koma zoona zake nβzakuti anafunika zaka zina XNUMX.
Metal Slug 3 (Arcade). SNK, 2000
Zojambula za pixel pamlingo womwe anthu ambiri amafuna kuzipanga zimatenga nthawi yayitali, ndipo pali maphunziro ochepa achidule. Mukamagwira ntchito ndi chitsanzo cha 3D, mukhoza kuchitembenuza, kuchisintha, kusuntha mbali zake, kujambula zojambula kuchokera ku chitsanzo chimodzi kupita ku china, ndi zina zotero. Zojambula zapamwamba za pixel pafupifupi nthawi zonse zimatenga khama lalikulu kuti muyike ma pixel mosamalitsa pa chimango chilichonse.
Mwambiri, ndakuchenjezani.
Ndipo tsopano pang'ono za kalembedwe kanga: Ndimakonda kujambula zojambulajambula za pixel zamasewera apakanema ndikupeza kudzoza mwa iwo. Makamaka, ndine wokonda Famicom/NES, 16-bit consoles, ndi masewera a masewera a 90. Zojambula za pixel zamasewera omwe ndimawakonda panthawiyo zitha kufotokozedwa ngati zowala, zolimba mtima komanso zoyera (koma osati zoyera kwambiri), m'malo mowoneka bwino komanso zochepa. Uwu ndiye kalembedwe kamene ndimagwira ntchito mwa ine ndekha, koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro ndi njira zapaphunziroli mosavuta kuti mupange zinthu zosiyana. Onani ntchito za akatswiri osiyanasiyana ndikupanga zaluso za pixel zomwe mumakonda!
Zofewa
Zida zoyambira za digito zaukadaulo wa pixel ndi Zoom ndi Pensulo kuti muyike ma pixel. Mupezanso Mzere, Mawonekedwe, Sankhani, Sunthani ndi Paint Bucket zothandiza. Pali mapulogalamu ambiri aulere komanso olipidwa okhala ndi zida zotere. Ndikuuzani za otchuka kwambiri komanso omwe ndimagwiritsa ntchito ndekha.
Utoto (waulere)
Ngati muli ndi Windows, Paint yomangidwa ndi pulogalamu yakale, koma ili ndi zida zonse zaukadaulo wa pixel.
GameMaker Studio 2 ndi chida chabwino kwambiri cha 2D chokhala ndi Sprite Editor wabwino. Ngati mukufuna kupanga zaluso za pixel zamasewera anu, ndikosavuta kuchita chilichonse mu pulogalamu imodzi. Tsopano ndikugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyi ndikugwira ntchito Zithunzi za UFO50, mndandanda wamasewera 50 a retro: Ndimapanga ma sprites ndi makanema ojambula mu GameMaker, ndi matayala mu Photoshop.
Yakwana nthawi yoti muwonetse mithunzi - ingowonjezerani mitundu yakuda ku sprite. Izi zipangitsa chithunzicho kukhala chamitundu itatu. Tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi gwero limodzi lowala lomwe lili pamwamba pa orc kumanzere kwake. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zonse zomwe zili pamwamba ndi kutsogolo kwa khalidwe lathu zidzawalitsidwa. Onjezani mithunzi pansi kumanja.
Mawonekedwe ndi voliyumu
Ngati sitepeyi ili yovuta kwa inu, ganizirani zojambula zanu ngati mawonekedwe a mbali zitatu osati mizere ndi mtundu. Maonekedwe alipo mu malo atatu-dimensional ndipo akhoza kukhala ndi voliyumu, yomwe timamanga mothandizidwa ndi mithunzi. Izi zikuthandizani kuti muwone m'maganizo mwanu wopanda tsatanetsatane ndikuyerekeza kuti adapangidwa ndi dongo osati ma pixel. Shading sikungowonjezera mitundu yatsopano, ndi njira yopangira mawonekedwe. Pa khalidwe lopangidwa bwino, tsatanetsatane samabisa mawonekedwe apansi: ngati muyang'ana, mudzawona magulu akuluakulu a kuwala ndi mthunzi.
Ngati sprite imakhala yachibadwa ndipo magawowa sakuwonekera bwino, mawonekedwe oyambirira a khalidwelo adzakhala osavuta kuwerenga. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito autilaini yosankha - pang'ono m'malo mwa autilaini yakuda ndi yopepuka. Pa gawo lowunikira la sprite, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yopepuka kwambiri, kapena, pomwe sprite imakhudza malo oyipa, mutha kuchotsa autilaini kwathunthu. M'malo mwakuda, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu umene unasankhidwa mthunzi - motere gawoli lidzasungidwa (kusiyanitsa pakati pa minofu, ubweya, ndi zina zotero).
Ndinawonjezeranso mithunzi yakuda panthawiyi. Zotsatira zake zinali zobiriwira zobiriwira pakhungu la orc. Mtundu wobiriwira kwambiri ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito posankha autilaini ndi AA.
7. Kukhudza komaliza
Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera zowunikira (malo opepuka kwambiri pa sprite), tsatanetsatane (ndolo, zipsera, zipsera) ndi zosintha zina mpaka mawonekedwewo atakonzeka kapena mpaka mukuyenera kupita ku yotsatira.
Mpaka pano takhala tikugwiritsa ntchito madera akuluakulu, olimba amithunzi. Koma pali njira ina - dithering, yomwe imakulolani kuchoka ku mtundu umodzi kupita ku wina popanda kuwonjezera lachitatu. Onani chitsanzo pansipa.
Kumwamba kwamdima mpaka kuwala kowala kumagwiritsa ntchito mazana amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya buluu.
Mtundu wapakati umagwiritsa ntchito mitundu isanu ndi inayi yokha, koma pali mithunzi yambiri yamtundu womwewo. Chomwe chimatchedwa banding chimachokera (kuchokera ku gulu la Chingerezi - mikwingwirima), momwe, chifukwa cha mikwingwirima yakuda yunifolomu, diso limayang'ana pa mfundo za kukhudzana kwa mitundu, m'malo mwa mitundu yokha.
Ndipo nthawi zina ndizothandiza kusiya sprite kwakanthawi kuti mutha kuyang'ana ndi maso atsopano pakapita nthawi.
32 Γ 32 mapikiselo
Tidapanga sprite yayikulu ya 96x96 poyamba chifukwa kukula kwake kuli ngati kujambula kapena kujambula, koma ndi ma pixel. The sprite yaying'ono, imafanana pang'ono ndi yomwe ikuyenera kuwonetsedwa, ndipo chofunika kwambiri cha pixel iliyonse.
Mu Super Mario Bros. Diso la Mario ndi ma pixel awiri okha, imodzi pamwamba pa inzake. Ndi khutu lakenso. Wopanga khalidwe Shigeru Miyamoto adanena kuti masharubu amafunikira kuti alekanitse mphuno ndi nkhope yonse. Chifukwa chake chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za Mario sizongopanga mawonekedwe, koma machenjerero a pragmatic. Zomwe zimatsimikizira nzeru zakale - "chofunikira ndi mayi wa kupangidwa."
Magawo akuluakulu opanga 32x32 pixel sprite amadziwika kale kwa ife: zojambula, mtundu, mithunzi, kukonzanso kwina. Koma m'mikhalidwe yotere, monga chojambula choyambirira, ndimasankha akalumikizidwe achikuda m'malo mojambulira ma autilaini chifukwa chocheperako. Utoto umakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pofotokozera munthu kuposa autilaini. Onaninso Mario, alibe autilaini nkomwe. Si masharubu okha omwe amasangalatsa. Zilonda zake zam'mbali zimatanthauzira mawonekedwe a makutu ake, manja ake amawonetsa manja ake, ndipo mawonekedwe ake onse amawonetsa thupi lake lonse.
Kupanga ma sprites ang'onoang'ono ndi kusagwirizana kosalekeza. Mukawonjezera sitiroko, mutha kutaya malo amthunzi. Ngati mawonekedwe anu ali ndi manja ndi miyendo yowoneka bwino, mutu suyenera kukhala waukulu kwambiri. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mtundu, sitiroko yosankha, ndi anti-aliasing mogwira mtima, chinthu chomwe chasinthidwa chidzawoneka chachikulu kuposa momwe chilili.
Kwa sprites ang'onoang'ono Ndimakonda kalembedwe ka chibi: otchulidwa amawoneka okongola kwambiri, ali ndi mitu yayikulu ndi maso. Njira yabwino yopangira mawonekedwe okongola mu malo ochepa, komanso kalembedwe kabwino kwambiri. Koma mwinamwake muyenera kusonyeza kusuntha kwa khalidwe kapena mphamvu, ndiye mukhoza kupereka malo ochepa kumutu kuti thupi likhale lamphamvu kwambiri. Zonse zimadalira zomwe mumakonda komanso zolinga zanu.
Gulu lonse lasonkhanitsidwa!
Zopanga mafayilo
Izi zitha kupangitsa wojambula aliyense wa pixel kukhala wamantha
Chithunzi chomwe mukuwona ndi chotsatira chosunga chithunzicho mu JPG. Deta ina idatayika chifukwa cha ma aligorivimu amafayilo. Zojambula za pixel zapamwamba zimatha kuwoneka zoyipa, ndipo kuzibwezera ku phale lake loyambirira sikudzakhala kophweka.
Kuti musunge chithunzi chokhazikika osataya mtundu, gwiritsani ntchito mtundu wa PNG. Kwa makanema ojambula - GIF.
Momwe mungagawire bwino luso la pixel
Kugawana zaluso za pixel pamasamba ochezera ndi njira yabwino yopezera mayankho ndikukumana ndi akatswiri ena omwe amagwira ntchito mofananamo. Osayiwala kugwiritsa ntchito hashtag #pixelart. Tsoka ilo, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti nthawi zambiri amasintha PNG kukhala JPG osafunsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zomwe mukukumana nazo ziipire. Komanso, sizidziwika nthawi zonse chifukwa chake chithunzi chanu chinasinthidwa.
Kuti fayilo yanu ya PNG isasinthe pa Twitter, gwiritsani ntchito mitundu yosakwana 256 kapena onetsetsakuti fayilo yanu ndi yochepera ma pixel 900 kumbali yayitali kwambiri. Ndikhoza kuwonjezera kukula kwa fayilo kukhala osachepera 512x512 pixels. Ndipo kotero kuti makulitsidwe ndi angapo 100 (200%, osati 250%) ndi m'mphepete lakuthwa amasungidwa (Nearrest in Photoshop).
Makanema a GIF pa Zolemba za Twitter ayenera kulemera kwake sikuposa 15 MB. Chithunzicho chiyenera kukhala ma pixel osachepera 800x800, makanema ojambula pamanja ayenera kubwereza katatu, ndipo chimango chomaliza chiyenera kukhala theka ngati ena onse - chiphunzitso chodziwika kwambiri. Komabe, sizikudziwika kuti zofunikirazi ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa pati, popeza Twitter ikusintha mosalekeza ma algorithms ake owonetsera zithunzi.
Instagram
Monga ndikudziwira, ndizosatheka kutumiza chithunzi pa Instagram popanda kutaya khalidwe. Koma zidzawoneka bwinoko ngati mukulitsa mpaka ma pixels osachepera 512x512.