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Pamene tidakali pachimake , tikufuna kukupemphani kuti mukambirane za imodzi mwa mitu yayikulu kwambiri yomwe takhala tikugwira ntchito posachedwapa - kuyanjana Windows и Linux, makamaka, yogwirizana ndi chitukuko cha dongosololi WSL 2 ikubwera, ndipo apa pali chidule cha zinthu zomwe zikutiyembekezera mu subsystem iyi, komanso kuwunikanso za kuphatikizana kwamtsogolo. Windows и Linux.
Mu Meyi chaka chino, Microsoft idalengeza kuti WSL2, mtundu waposachedwa wa subsystem, Windows pa Linux, idzagwira ntchito pa kernel yonse Linux, zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa mu kampani.
Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba yomwe Microsoft yaphatikiza Windows pachimake Linux ngati chimodzi mwa zigawo zake. Microsoft ikuyambitsanso Windows mzere wa lamulo womwe udzakulitsa mphamvu za PowerShell ndi WSL.
Monga maziko Linux ya WSL2, yopangidwa ndi Microsoft, ndi mzere watsopano wa malamulo Windows ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa opanga mapulogalamu.
"Uku ndiye kusuntha kwamphamvu kwambiri pamasewera olimbana ndi AWS," akutero a Joshua Schwartz, wotsogolera mapulogalamu a digito pakampani yofunsira AT Kearney.
Tsogolo la Microsoft silinalumikizidwe ndi msika wa PC, ngakhale ipitilizabe kukhazikika pagawoli. Zidzakhala zofunikira kwambiri kuti mupeze msika wamtambo, chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe mtsogolomu zitha kukhala ma PC apakompyuta.
Kodi WSL2 imachita chiyani?
WSL2 ndi njira yatsopano yopangira zomangamanga Windows chifukwa LinuxZimathandiza kuti ntchito ya fayilo ikule bwino komanso kuti igwirizane ndi mafoni a m'makompyuta.
Chimodzi mwa zopempha zazikulu kuchokera ku gulu la WSL chinali chakuti ntchito iyende bwino. WSL2 imathandizira zida zambiri. Linux, kuposa pa WSL, makamaka Docker ndi FUSE.
WSL2 imagwira ntchito zambiri zamafayilo, makamaka git clone, npm install, apt update, ndi kukweza koyenera. Kuwonjezeka kwenikweni kwa liwiro kumadalira ntchito yeniyeni komanso momwe imagwirizanirana ndi fayilo.
Mayeso oyamba adawonetsa kuti WSL2 ili mwachangu kuwirikiza ka 20 kuposa WSL1 pakutulutsa phula kuchokera ku zip. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito git clone, npm install ndi cmake mumapulojekiti osiyanasiyana, dongosololi likuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kawiri kapena kasanu pakuchita.
Kodi izi zithandiza kuti opanga azikhulupirira?
Kwenikweni, Microsoft ikufuna kupeza kudziwika ndi kudalirika mkati mwa gulu la opanga mapulogalamu mwa kutenga njira yopangira mtundu wake wa kernel. Linux kuti athandizire njira za WSL2, akutero Cody Swann, CEO wa Gunner Technology.
"Ngati sitiwerengera zomwe zikuchitika m'dziko lathu motsatira WindowsKupanga mapulogalamu ena onse - amtambo, mafoni, ndi apa intaneti - pa PC kunali kovuta kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake wopanga mapulogalamu adayenera kutsitsa kugawa mwanjira ina. Linux zofanana ndi OS Windows"Microsoft yavomereza izi ndipo yapereka yankho," akumaliza.
Sizokayikitsa kuti kukhazikitsa kernel yapadera Linux zidzakhudza kwambiri zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akukumana nazo. Komabe, izi zimatsegula mwayi wolumikizana bwino pakati pa ntchito za Microsoft ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito. Linux.
Kusunthaku kumbali ya Microsoft ndikwanzeru kwambiri, chifukwa kumathandizira kulowa mozama m'magulu opanga mapulogalamu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mwachangu zinthu zomwe wina akupanga - ndiko kuti, kulumikizana ndi gwero lotseguka, akutero Swann.
Takulandilani ku Microsoft Yatsopano
Chizolowezi chopanga ndikuthandizira maziko Linux "makamaka kwa Windows"Zikuwonetsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa njira yopezera ma source otseguka, komwe kunalimbikitsidwa ndi CEO Satya Nadella. Microsoft siilinso momwe inalili pansi pa Gates ndi Ballmer, pomwe chilichonse chinali chobisika ndipo kulumikizana sikunali kofunikira."
"Satya yasinthiratu Microsoft kukhala nsanja yamakono, ndipo njira imeneyi yapindula kwambiri. Moni, capitalization ya madola thililiyoni," akutero Schwartz.
Malinga ndi Charles King, katswiri wamkulu wa Pund-IT, mphamvu ziwiri zazikulu za Microsoft ndizochita bwino komanso chitetezo.
"Pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zatukuka kwambiri - zida ndi zida - kampaniyo imatha kutsimikizira makasitomala kuti kernel idzakhala yatsopano komanso yokhala ndi zigamba zaposachedwa kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo chokwanira," akuwonjezera.
Madivelopa amapindulanso
Mafayilo a Binary Linux imagwira ntchito zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mafoni a dongosolo, monga kupeza mafayilo, kupempha kukumbukira, ndi kupanga njira. WSL1 imadalira gawo lomasulira lomwe limatanthauzira mafoni ambiri a dongosololi ndikuwathandiza kuti agwirizane ndi kernel. Windows NT.
Chovuta kwambiri ndikukhazikitsa mafoni onse adongosolo. Popeza izi sizinachitike mu WSL1, mapulogalamu ena sakanatha kugwira ntchito pamenepo. WSL2 imabweretsa mapulogalamu ambiri atsopano omwe amagwira ntchito bwino pamalo ano.
Kapangidwe katsopano kamalola Microsoft kubweretsa zosintha zaposachedwa kwambiri ku kernel. Linux Mofulumira kwambiri kuposa ndi WSL1. Microsoft ikhoza kusintha WSL2 core m'malo mokhazikitsanso zoletsa zonse.
Chida chotseguka chokwanira
Kupanga kernel yanu Linux ndi Microsoft chinali chimaliziro cha ntchito ya zaka zambiri Linux Gulu la Systems, komanso magulu ena ambiri ku Microsoft, akutero Jack Hammons, manejala wa pulogalamu ku Linux Gulu la Machitidwe, Microsoft.
Kernel yoperekedwa kwa WSL2 idzakhala yotseguka kwathunthu, ndipo Microsoft itumiza malangizo amomwe mungapangire kernel yotere pa GitHub. Kampaniyo ipangana ndi opanga omwe akufuna kuthandiza pulojekitiyo ndikuyendetsa kusintha kwapansi.
Opanga mapulogalamu a Microsoft adapanga WSL2 pogwiritsa ntchito njira zolumikizirana mosalekeza za kampaniyo komanso njira zotumizira mosalekeza. Mapulogalamuwa adzasungidwa kudzera mu njira yosinthira. Windows ndipo idzakhala yowonekera bwino kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Kernel idzakhalabe yatsopano ndipo idzakhala ndi zinthu zonse za nthambi yatsopano yokhazikika. Linux.
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ma code akupezeka, kampaniyo imawonetsa malo osungiramo zinthu m'deralo komanso nthawi zonse imayang'anira zomwe zili mu mndandanda wa makalata. Linux pa nkhani zachitetezo, komanso imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi makampani angapo omwe amathandizira ntchito za database m'malo ogwirira ntchito (CVE). Izi zimatsimikizira kuti kernel Linux Microsoft idzaganizira zosintha zaposachedwa ndikuchotsa ziwopsezo zonse zomwe zikubwera.
Kusintha kwapansi kumakhala kovomerezeka
Microsoft imatsimikizira kuti kusintha konse kwa kernel kumafalikira pamwamba - ichi ndi gawo lofunikira la filosofi LinuxKusunga ma patches pansi pa mtsinje kumabweretsa zovuta zina, ndipo sichizolowezi m'gulu la anthu otseguka.
Cholinga cha Microsoft, chomwe chikugwiritsa ntchito Linux – khalani membala wodzisunga wa gulu lino ndikuthandizira kusintha kwa gulu. Kuti muwonetsetse kuti nthambi zothandizira za nthawi yayitali zikukhazikika, ma patches ena—monga omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe atsopano—akhoza kuphatikizidwa mu mitundu yatsopano ya kernel, m'malo mongobwereranso ku mtundu wa LTS womwe ulipo mu backward compatibility mode.
Magwero oyambira a WSL akapezeka, amakhala ndi maulalo kumagulu angapo komanso gawo lokhazikika lazochokera. Microsoft ikuyembekeza kuti mndandandawu udzachepa pakapita nthawi pamene zigamba zimagawidwa kumtunda ndipo zigamba zatsopano zakumaloko zikuwonjezeredwa kuti zithandizire mawonekedwe atsopano a WSL.
Mawonekedwe osangalatsa a zenera
Microsoft yalengezanso kutulutsidwa kwa mtundu wa "nyengo yozizira" womwe ukubwera Windows Terminal ndi pulogalamu yatsopano ya ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zolamula ndi zipolopolo, makamaka Command Prompt, PowerShell, ndi WSL.
osachiritsika Windows
Windows Terminal 1.0 imapereka makonda osiyanasiyana ndi njira zosinthira zomwe zimakupatsani ulamuliro wambiri pa mawonekedwe a zenera la terminal, komanso zipolopolo/ma profiles omwe ayenera kutsegulidwa ngati ma tabu atsopano.
Zokonda zimasungidwa mufayilo yosinthidwa, kuwapangitsa kukhala osavuta kukonza ndikupanga zenera la terminal kuti mumve kukoma kwanu.
Microsoft ikuletsa kupanga console yomwe ilipo kale. Windows, koma amapanga yatsopano kuyambira pachiyambi, posankha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano. Windows Terminal yayikidwa ndipo imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi pulogalamu yomwe ilipo kale. Windows Console, yoperekedwa "yochokera m'bokosi".
Kodi ntchito
Pamene wogwiritsa ntchito Windows 10 imatsegula mwachindunji Cmd/PowerShell/etc., kuyambitsa njira yolumikizidwa ku Console instance yokhazikika. Njira yosinthira ya terminal yatsopano imalola ogwiritsa ntchito Windows Pangani ma profiles angapo a zipolopolo/mapulogalamu/zida zonse zomwe mukufuna, kaya mu PowerShell, mzere wolamula, Ubuntu, kapena ngakhale kudzera pa kulumikizana kwa SSH ku zida za Azure kapena IoT.
Ma profayilowa atha kupereka mitundu yawoyawo masanjidwe ndi kukula kwa zilembo, mitu yamitundu, mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino akumbuyo kapena kuwonekera. Kuphatikiza apo, ogwiritsa ntchito azitha kusankha font yatsopano ya monospace kuti mawindo a terminal awoneke amakono komanso ozizira. Font iyi ili ndi ma programmer ligatures; ipezeka pagulu ndikusungidwa munkhokwe yake.
Ubwino waukulu wa mawonekedwe atsopano a malamulo Windows – ma tabu ambiri ndi malemba okongola. Chithandizo cha ma tabu ambiri chinaonedwa kuti ndi chinthu chomwe chimapemphedwa kwambiri pakupanga kwa terminal. Malemba okongola amapezeka chifukwa cha injini yojambulira yochokera ku DirectWrite/DirectX yokhala ndi GPU acceleration.
Injiniyo imawonetsa zithunzi, zithunzi ndi zilembo zapadera zomwe zimapezeka m'mafonti, kuphatikiza ma ideogram aku China, Japan ndi Korea (CJK), emoji, zilembo zamagetsi, zithunzi ndi makanema amapulogalamu. Kuphatikiza apo, injini iyi imamasulira mawu mwachangu kwambiri kuposa momwe GDI idagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbuyomu.
Kugwirizana kumbuyo kumakhalabe bwino, ngakhale, ngati mukufuna, mutha kuyesa Windows Pokwerera.
Mbiri: momwe zidzachitikire
Microsoft idzapereka Windows Terminal kudzera pa Microsoft Store mu Windows 10 ndipo muzisintha nthawi zonse. Mwanjira imeneyi, ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse azigwira ntchito ndi mitundu yatsopano komanso zosintha zaposachedwa—popanda khama lowonjezera.
Microsoft ikukonzekera kuyambitsa terminal yatsopanoyi m'nyengo yozizira ikubwerayi. Microsoft ikangoyamba kugwira ntchito Windows Opanga mapulogalamu a Terminal 1.0 apitiliza kugwira ntchito pazinthu zambiri zomwe zayikidwa kale mu ndandanda yawo.
Nambala yachinsinsi Windows Terminal ndi Windows kutonthoza pa GitHub.
Kodi tingayembekezere chiyani m’tsogolo?
Kuthekera kwakuti Microsoft igwiritsa ntchito kernel yakeyake Linux ndi zina, mwachitsanzo, popanga njira yanu yogawa Linux, masiku ano zikuoneka ngati zongopeka.
Zotsatira zake zimatengera ngati Microsoft imatha kupeza kufunikira kwakukulu kwa chinthu choterocho, komanso mwayi wamalonda womwe izi zitha kutsegulira, akutero Charles King.
Iye akuganiza kuti kampaniyo idzayang'ana kwambiri ntchito yake yoonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikugwirizana kwambiri mtsogolomu. Windows и Linux ndi kuyanjana kwawo.
Joshua Schwartz akukhulupirira kuti pankhaniyi, padzakhala kofunikira kuyeza ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pantchitoyi poyerekeza ndi phindu lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha ndalamazo. Ngati Microsoft ikanakhala kampani yaing'ono kwambiri masiku ano, mwina ikanachita chilichonse kutengera zomwe idapeza. LinuxKomabe, kusuntha zonse zomwe zilipo kale ku Microsoft kupita ku zomangamanga zakomweko Linux, masiku ano zikuwoneka ngati ntchito yokwera mtengo komanso yovuta yomwe sizingapambane. Linux adzadzipezera okha Linux, ndipo kapangidwe koyambira kadzakhalabe kosasintha.
Pamene Apple idapanganso Mac OS mu 2000, makina ogwiritsira ntchito adamangidwa pamwamba pa BSD Unix, yomwe ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi Linuxkuposa ndi DOS. Masiku ano, mtundu watsopano wa Microsoft Windows yapangidwa molondola pamaziko awa Linux.
Mwina khomo latsopano likutsegula kwa ife?
Pakatikati Linux kuchokera ku Microsoft ikhoza kuyambitsa mgwirizano wapafupi pakati pa mautumiki Windows ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito LinuxMwachidule, izi zomwe Microsoft yachita zikusonyeza kuti ngakhale mkati mwa kampaniyi, Microsoft ikumvetsa kale: masiku ano palibe makasitomala ambiri omwe amakonda kukhala m'dziko lomwe chilichonse chikuchitika mosalekeza. Windows.
Ndizomveka kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje osiyanasiyana ndi machitidwe omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira zamabizinesi komanso zochitika zenizeni.
Funso lalikulu ndilakuti, ndi mwayi wanji watsopano womwe kusunthaku kumatsegulira nsanja ya Microsoft yokha?
Azure, malo osungira mitambo a Microsoft, akupereka kale chithandizo chachikulu Linux. Poyamba Windows yothandizira bwino Linux pogwiritsa ntchito makina enieni.
Kusintha kwakukulu komwe kukuchitika masiku ano kukugwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti tsopano njira Linux idzachitika mwachibadwa pa kernel Windows, zomwe zikutanthauza kugwira ntchito ndi Linux kuchokera Windows idzagwira ntchito mofulumira kwambiri kuposa pa makina enieni. N'zotheka kuti chifukwa cha zimenezi, Azure idzapindula ndi mainjiniya ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito Linux pamlingo wamakampani.
Source: www.habr.com
