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Pamene tidakali pachimake , tikufuna kukuitanani kuti mukambirane imodzi mwamitu yayikulu kwambiri yomwe takhala tikugwira ntchito posachedwapa - kuyanjana kwa Windows ndi Linux, zokhudzana, makamaka, pakukula kwa dongosolo. . WSL 2 ili m'njira, ndipo nazi mwachidule zomwe zikubwera mumndandandawu, komanso zoneneratu za kuphatikiza kwamtsogolo pakati pa Windows ndi Linux.
M'mwezi wa Meyi chaka chino, Microsoft idalengeza kuti WSL2, mtundu waposachedwa kwambiri wa Windows subsystem pa Linux, idzayendetsa pa Linux kernel yomangidwa mnyumba.
Ichi ndi nthawi yoyamba yomwe Microsoft idaphatikiza kernel ya Linux ngati gawo mu Windows. Microsoft ikubweretsanso mzere wolamula ku Windows womwe udzakulitsa mphamvu za PowerShell ndi WSL.
Onse a Linux kernel a WSL2, opangidwa ndi Microsoft, ndi mzere watsopano wa Windows command ndiwosangalatsa makamaka kwa opanga.
"Uku ndiye kusuntha kwamphamvu kwambiri pamasewera olimbana ndi AWS," akutero a Joshua Schwartz, wotsogolera mapulogalamu a digito pakampani yofunsira AT Kearney.
Tsogolo la Microsoft silinalumikizidwe ndi msika wa PC, ngakhale ipitilizabe kukhazikika pagawoli. Zidzakhala zofunikira kwambiri kuti mupeze msika wamtambo, chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe mtsogolomu zitha kukhala ma PC apakompyuta.
Kodi WSL2 imachita chiyani?
WSL2 ndiye mawonekedwe aposachedwa a Windows Subsystem a Linux. Imakulolani kuti muwongolere kwambiri magwiridwe antchito amafayilo ndikupereka kuyanjana kwathunthu ndi mafoni amtundu.
Chimodzi mwazopempha zazikulu kuchokera ku gulu la WSL chinali chokhudza kukonza magwiridwe antchito. WSL2 imayendetsa zida zambiri za Linux kuposa WSL, makamaka Docker ndi FUSE.
WSL2 imagwira ntchito zambiri zamafayilo, makamaka git clone, npm install, apt update, ndi kukweza koyenera. Kuwonjezeka kwenikweni kwa liwiro kumadalira ntchito yeniyeni komanso momwe imagwirizanirana ndi fayilo.
Mayeso oyamba adawonetsa kuti WSL2 ili mwachangu kuwirikiza ka 20 kuposa WSL1 pakutulutsa phula kuchokera ku zip. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito git clone, npm install ndi cmake mumapulojekiti osiyanasiyana, dongosololi likuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kawiri kapena kasanu pakuchita.
Kodi izi zithandiza kuti opanga azikhulupirira?
M'malo mwake, Microsoft ikufuna kuzindikirika ndi kudalira anthu otukula popanga mtundu wawo wa Linux kernel kuti ithandizire njira za WSL2, atero a Cody Swann, CEO wa Gunner Technology.
"Kupatula kupanga mosamalitsa kwa Windows, kupanga mapulogalamu ena onse - mtambo, mafoni, mapulogalamu a pa intaneti - pa PC zinali zovuta kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake wopanga adayenera kuyambitsa kugawa kwa Linux molumikizana ndi Windows OS. Microsoft idazindikira izi ndipo idapeza yankho, "adamaliza.
Ndizokayikitsa kuti kuyambitsa makina a Linux kernel kudzakhala ndi vuto lalikulu pamakina malinga ndi momwe ogwiritsa ntchito wamba. Komabe, izi zimatsegula mwayi wolumikizana kwambiri pakati pa mautumiki a Microsoft ndi makina opangira a Linux.
Kusunthaku kumbali ya Microsoft ndikwanzeru kwambiri, chifukwa kumathandizira kulowa mozama m'magulu opanga mapulogalamu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mwachangu zinthu zomwe wina akupanga - ndiko kuti, kulumikizana ndi gwero lotseguka, akutero Swann.
Takulandilani ku Microsoft Yatsopano
Mchitidwe wopanga ndi kusunga kernel ya Linux "makamaka Windows" ikuwonetsa njira yotseguka yolimbikitsidwa ndi CEO Satya Nadella. Microsoft siinalinso yofanana ndi yomwe inali pansi pa Gates ndi Ballmer, pamene chirichonse chinasungidwa kuseri kwa mpanda wa eni ake, ndipo palibe amene ankaganiza za kugwirizana.
"Satya yasinthiratu Microsoft kukhala nsanja yamakono, ndipo njira imeneyi yapindula kwambiri. Moni, capitalization ya madola thililiyoni," akutero Schwartz.
Malinga ndi Charles King, katswiri wamkulu wa Pund-IT, mphamvu ziwiri zazikulu za Microsoft ndizochita bwino komanso chitetezo.
"Pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zatukuka kwambiri - zida ndi zida - kampaniyo imatha kutsimikizira makasitomala kuti kernel idzakhala yatsopano komanso yokhala ndi zigamba zaposachedwa kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo chokwanira," akuwonjezera.
Madivelopa amapindulanso
Linux binaries amachita ntchito zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mafoni amtundu, monga kupeza mafayilo, kupempha kukumbukira, ndi kupanga njira. WSL1 imadalira gawo lomasulira kuti litanthauzire mafoni ambiri amtunduwu ndikuwalola kuti azilumikizana ndi Windows NT kernel.
Chovuta kwambiri ndikukhazikitsa mafoni onse adongosolo. Popeza izi sizinachitike mu WSL1, mapulogalamu ena sakanatha kugwira ntchito pamenepo. WSL2 imabweretsa mapulogalamu ambiri atsopano omwe amagwira ntchito bwino pamalo ano.
Zomangamanga zatsopano zimalola Microsoft kubweretsa kukhathamiritsa kwaposachedwa ku Linux kernel mwachangu kwambiri kuposa ndi WSL1. Microsoft ikhoza kusintha maziko a WSL2 m'malo mokhazikitsanso zoletsa zonse.
Chida chotseguka chokwanira
Kukula kwa Microsoft pa Linux kernel yake kunali chimaliziro cha zaka za ntchito ya Linux Systems Group, komanso magulu ena ambiri ku Microsoft, atero a Jack Hammons, woyang'anira pulogalamu ku Linux Systems Group, Microsoft.
Kernel yoperekedwa kwa WSL2 idzakhala yotseguka kwathunthu, ndipo Microsoft itumiza malangizo amomwe mungapangire kernel yotere pa GitHub. Kampaniyo ipangana ndi opanga omwe akufuna kuthandiza pulojekitiyo ndikuyendetsa kusintha kwapansi.
Madivelopa a Microsoft adapanga WSL2 pogwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza kosalekeza kwa kampaniyo komanso njira zoperekera mosalekeza. Pulogalamuyi idzatumizidwa kudzera mu Windows update system ndipo idzakhala yowonekera kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Kernel ikhalabe yaposachedwa ndikuphatikiza zonse za nthambi yokhazikika ya Linux.
Kuti zitsimikizire kupezeka kwa gwero, kampaniyo imayang'anira nkhokwe zakomweko, imayang'anira zomwe zili pamndandanda wamakalata achitetezo a Linux, ndikugwira ntchito ndi makampani angapo omwe amathandizira nkhokwe zamabizinesi (CVEs). Izi zimatsimikizira kuti Microsoft's Linux kernel ili ndi zosintha zaposachedwa ndikuchotsa ziwopsezo zilizonse zomwe zikubwera.
Kusintha kwapansi kumakhala kovomerezeka
Microsoft imawonetsetsa kuti zosintha zonse za kernel zimafalitsidwa kumtunda - ichi ndi gawo lofunikira pamalingaliro a Linux. Kuthandizira zigamba zakumunsi kumabwera ndi zovuta zina; Komanso, mchitidwe umenewu si wofala m'madera otseguka.
Cholinga cha Microsoft ngati wogwiritsa ntchito Linux wachangu ndikukhala membala wodziletsa komanso kusintha anthu ammudzi. Kuonetsetsa kukhazikika kwa nthambi zolumikizidwa ndi chithandizo chanthawi yayitali, zigamba zina - mwachitsanzo zomwe zili ndi zatsopano - zitha kuphatikizidwa m'mawu atsopano a kernel, osati kutumizidwa ku mtundu wa LTS wapano mumayendedwe obwerera kumbuyo.
Magwero oyambira a WSL akapezeka, amakhala ndi maulalo kumagulu angapo komanso gawo lokhazikika lazochokera. Microsoft ikuyembekeza kuti mndandandawu udzachepa pakapita nthawi pamene zigamba zimagawidwa kumtunda ndipo zigamba zatsopano zakumaloko zikuwonjezeredwa kuti zithandizire mawonekedwe atsopano a WSL.
Mawonekedwe osangalatsa a zenera
Microsoft idalengezanso mtundu wachisanu womwe ukubwera wa Windows Terminal, pulogalamu yatsopano ya ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amagwira ntchito ndi zida zama mzere ndi zipolopolo, monga Command Prompt, PowerShell, ndi WSL.
Windows Terminal
Windows Terminal 1.0 imapereka zosintha zambiri ndi zosintha zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wowongolera mawonekedwe awindo la terminal, komanso zipolopolo / mbiri yomwe iyenera kutsegulidwa ngati ma tabo atsopano.
Zokonda zimasungidwa mufayilo yosinthidwa, kuwapangitsa kukhala osavuta kukonza ndikupanga zenera la terminal kuti mumve kukoma kwanu.
Microsoft sikuyeretsanso Windows console yomwe ilipo ndipo ikupanga yatsopano kuyambira pachiyambi, ndikusankha njira yatsopano. Windows Terminal imayika ndikuyendetsa mofanana ndi pulogalamu yomwe ilipo ya Windows Console yomwe imatuluka m'bokosi.
Kodi ntchito
Pamene a Windows 10 wosuta akuyambitsa mwachindunji Cmd/PowerShell/etc, njira yolumikizidwa ndi nthawi yokhazikika ya Console imayambika. Injini yosinthira ya terminal yatsopanoyo imalola ogwiritsa ntchito Windows kuti apange mbiri zingapo pazigoba / mapulogalamu / zida zomwe akufuna, kaya mu PowerShell, Command Prompt, Ubuntu, kapenanso kulumikizana kwa SSH ku zida za Azure kapena IoT.
Ma profayilowa atha kupereka mitundu yawoyawo masanjidwe ndi kukula kwa zilembo, mitu yamitundu, mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino akumbuyo kapena kuwonekera. Kuphatikiza apo, ogwiritsa ntchito azitha kusankha font yatsopano ya monospace kuti mawindo a terminal awoneke amakono komanso ozizira. Font iyi ili ndi ma programmer ligatures; ipezeka pagulu ndikusungidwa munkhokwe yake.
Ubwino waukulu wa mawonekedwe atsopano a Windows ndi ma tabo ambiri ndi zolemba zokongola. Kuthandizira ma tabo angapo kumawonedwa ngati pempho lofunsidwa kwambiri la chitukuko cha terminal. Zolemba zokongola zimapezedwa chifukwa cha injini yomasulira yozikidwa pa DirectWrite/DirectX, yokhala ndi mathamangitsidwe a GPU.
Injiniyo imawonetsa zithunzi, zithunzi ndi zilembo zapadera zomwe zimapezeka m'mafonti, kuphatikiza ma ideogram aku China, Japan ndi Korea (CJK), emoji, zilembo zamagetsi, zithunzi ndi makanema amapulogalamu. Kuphatikiza apo, injini iyi imamasulira mawu mwachangu kwambiri kuposa momwe GDI idagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbuyomu.
Kugwirizana kumbuyo kumakhalabe mudongosolo lonse, ngakhale mutha kuyesa Windows Terminal ngati mukufuna.
Mbiri: momwe zidzachitikire
Microsoft ipereka Windows Terminal kudzera mu Microsoft Store mkati Windows 10 ndikusintha pafupipafupi. Mwanjira iyi, ogwiritsa ntchito azisintha nthawi zonse ndi zosintha zaposachedwa ndi zowonjezera zaposachedwa - popanda kuyesayesa kwina.
Microsoft ikukonzekera kukhazikitsa terminal yatsopano m'nyengo yozizira ikubwerayi. Microsoft ikangotulutsa Windows Terminal 1.0, opanga apitilizabe kugwira ntchito pazinthu zambiri zomwe zidasiyidwa kale.
Windows Terminal ndi Windows Console Source Code pa GitHub.
Kodi tingayembekezere chiyani mβtsogolo?
Kuthekera kuti Microsoft igwiritse ntchito kernel yake ya Linux pazifukwa zina, mwachitsanzo, kupanga yake yogawa Linux, zikuwoneka ngati zongopeka lero.
Zotsatira zake zimatengera ngati Microsoft imatha kupeza kufunikira kwakukulu kwa chinthu choterocho, komanso mwayi wamalonda womwe izi zitha kutsegulira, akutero Charles King.
Akuganiza kuti zomwe kampaniyo ikuyang'ana zamtsogolo zizikhala kupanga Windows ndi Linux kuti zizigwirizana komanso zogwirizana.
Joshua Schwartz akukhulupirira kuti pankhaniyi padzakhala kofunika kuyeza zomwe ndalamazo zidzakhalire pantchitoyi komanso zomwe zidzabwerenso. Microsoft ikadakhala kampani yaying'ono kwambiri masiku ano, ikadachita chilichonse kutengera Linux. Komabe, kuyika zonse zomwe zapezeka kale kuchokera ku Microsoft kupita ku zomangamanga za Linux masiku ano zikuwoneka ngati pulojekiti yokwera mtengo komanso yovuta yomwe siyingapindule bwino. Okonda Linux adzapeza Linux yawoyawo ndipo zomanga zazikulu zidzakhalabe.
Apple itakonzanso Mac OS mu 2000, makina ogwiritsira ntchito adakhazikitsidwa pa BSD Unix, yomwe ili yofanana kwambiri ndi Linux kuposa DOS. Masiku ano, mtundu watsopano wa Microsoft Windows ukupangidwa kutengera Linux.
Mwina khomo latsopano likutsegula kwa ife?
Microsoft's Linux kernel ikhoza kuyambitsa njira yolumikizirana kwambiri pakati pa ntchito za Windows ndi makina opangira a Linux. M'malo mwake, zochitika izi za Microsoft zikuwonetsa kuti Microsoft mwiniyo akumvetsetsa kale: lero palibe makasitomala omwe atsala omwe amakonda kukhala m'dziko lomwe chilichonse chiri Windows.
Ndizomveka kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje osiyanasiyana ndi machitidwe omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira zamabizinesi komanso zochitika zenizeni.
Funso lalikulu ndilakuti, ndi mwayi wanji watsopano womwe kusunthaku kumatsegulira nsanja ya Microsoft yokha?
Azure, Microsoft's cloud ecosystem, imapereka chithandizo chambiri ku Linux. M'mbuyomu, Windows idathandizira Linux bwino pogwiritsa ntchito makina enieni.
Zosintha zazikuluzikulu zomwe zikuchitika lero ndi chifukwa chakuti tsopano njira za Linux ziziyenda mwachilengedwe pa Windows kernel, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kugwira ntchito ndi Linux kuchokera ku Windows kudzakhala mwachangu kuposa pamakina enieni. Ndizotheka kuti chifukwa chake, Azure idzilemeretsa ndi gulu lonse la mainjiniya omwe amagwiritsa ntchito Linux pamafakitale.
Source: www.habr.com