🥇Dongosolo labwereranso pachuma

Deta yayikulu yapanga mwayi watsopano wa tsogolo la capitalist. Koma kuti tiwagwire, demokalase yathu iyenera kukhwima.

Pamene USSR idagwa, funso lakukonzekera zachuma lidawoneka ngati latha. Pakulimbana pakati pa msika ndi ndondomekoyi, msika unapambana chigonjetso chotsimikizika. Zaka 30 pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Khoma la Berlin, chigamulocho sichinamvekenso bwino. Mikangano yamaphunziro ndi ndale yokhudza kukonzekera zachuma ikukula padziko lonse lapansi.

Kuchokera kwa womasulira: Zipangizo zamakono zikusintha moyo, ndipo ngakhale mfundo zina zachuma zosagwedezeka zikhoza kutsutsidwa. Nazi mwachidule chifukwa chake ndondomeko zachuma zabwereranso m'mafashoni.

Avereji ya nthawi yowerenga: Mphindi 5

Pali zifukwa zitatu zobwerera mosayembekezereka. Choyamba, Kugwa Kwachuma Kwakukulu kwa 2008. Vutoli silinangovumbulutsanso kupanda nzeru kwa misika, koma kuyesetsa kukhala nacho kunakhudza kulowererapo kwakukulu kwa boma, zonse zachuma ndi malamulo. M'dziko la pambuyo pa 2008, kupambana kwa msika "waulere ndi koyera" kumawonekera kumawoneka kotsimikizika.

Kachiwiri, vuto la chilengedwe. Pankhani ya chitukuko chokhazikika, anthu ambiri amaganiza zokonzekera, koma samachitcha kuti. Akatswiri tsopano amakonda kunena za "zochitika" zachilengedwe zomwe zimatsogolera ku tsogolo lopanda hydrocarbon. Pokambirana za Green New Deal, yomwe idayamba pambuyo poti Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez avomereza ntchitoyi, mawu oti "kukonzekera" satchulidwa kawirikawiri. Koma lingaliro lomwelo la kugonjera zisankho zopanga ndi kuyika ndalama ku zolinga zanthawi yayitali, m'malo mopeza phindu, layamba kale. Awa ndiwo maziko a ndondomeko zachuma.

Chifukwa chachitatu ndi chitukuko cha zipangizo zamakono. Zakale, njira zokonzekera zakumana ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "vuto lachidziwitso." Maboma a Socialist a m'zaka za zana la 20 adayesa kusintha zizindikiro zamtengo wapatali ndi zofunikira pokonzekeratu. Izi zidali zopangitsa kuti pakhale kugawidwa koyenera kwazinthu (ntchito, zachilengedwe), ndipo, chifukwa chake, kupangitsa kuti chuma chisavutike kwambiri ndi zovuta ndi ulova. Mwa zina, izi zimafuna luso lodziwiratu zomwe ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa ndikutumiza chidziwitsochi kumagulu opanga.

M’zaka za m’ma 20, kukonzekeratu kunalephereka. Zomwe ogula amafuna komanso momwe amafunira-mafunso awiriwa sanayankhidwe moyenera mkati mwa dongosololi. Kusonkhanitsa deta yofunikira kuti mugwirizanitse ntchito zachuma kunakhala kosatheka. Kupanga dongosolo kumafuna kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso pamlingo wachuma chachikulu, kwinaku mukuthana ndi kusatsimikizika kosapeŵeka pakupanga ndikusintha zomwe ogula amakonda. Komanso, izi ziyenera kuchitidwa panthawi yake. Zosokoneza pofotokozera zosowa ndi inertia ya zida zopangira zidapangitsa kuti dongosololi lithe.

Limodzi mwamafunso ofunikira kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 21 ndilakuti: kodi ma aligorivimu ndi deta yayikulu ikusintha momwe vutoli lilili?Kusintha kwakukulu kwa data kungatsitsimutse chuma chomwe chinakonzedwa." , malinga ndi ndime ya Financial Times kuyambira September 2017. Mapulatifomu a digito ndi chida champhamvu chokhazikitsa ndi kuyang'anira zambiri. Mosiyana ndi USSR, centralization iyi siiyendetsedwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi luso laling'ono lachidziwitso, zomwe zingayambitse zolakwika ndi ziphuphu. Ikuyendetsedwa ndi ma algorithms.

Amazon imadziwa zambiri za zomwe ogula amakonda m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Deta yayikulu imapangitsa kuti zitheke kugwirizanitsa macroeconomic (kapena kuchuluka) kugwirizanitsa ndi microeconomic (kapena qualitative) kugwirizana. Mapulatifomu amatha kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso zambiri nthawi yomweyo ndikutsata zomwe amakonda. Izi ndi zomwe Soviet Gosplan sanathe kukwaniritsa.

M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, pulogalamu ya Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) yakhala chida chofunikira kwambiri pamakampani opanga ndi ntchito. Machitidwe amphamvu a ERP amapereka chithunzithunzi chokwanira, chenichenicho cha chilengedwe chomwe makampani amagwira ntchito. Izi zimakweza kwambiri luso la kasamalidwe ndi kusintha.
Walmart amagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya HANA kuyendetsa zatsopano. Deta kuchokera kwa makasitomala 245 miliyoni, pamlingo wa miliyoni imodzi pa ola limodzi, kuchokera kwa ogulitsa 17,500 kutengera zochita zamakampani mkati, komanso deta yakunja yomwe imakhudza bizinesi (nyengo, malingaliro azama media, zizindikiro zachuma) -openda amagwiritsa ntchito izi kuti apeze mayankho azovuta zamakampani.

Ngakhale zili choncho, ma algorithms amatha kukhala a socialists. Kodi pulogalamu ya Amazon, Google, kapena Germany's Industry 4.0 ikukonzekera tsogolo lazachuma? Mkangano uwu wapangidwa ndi Lee Phillips ndi Mikhail Rozworski m'buku lawo laposachedwapa People's Republic of WalmartBwana wa Alibaba Jack Ma adalandira lingalirolo. kwambiri:

Pazaka 100 zapitazi, takhala otsimikiza kuti chuma cha msika ndicho njira yabwino kwambiri, koma m'malingaliro anga, zaka makumi atatu zapitazi zakhala zikusintha kwambiri, ndipo chuma chomwe chinakonzedweratu chikuwonjezeka. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa ndi mwayi wopeza mitundu yonse ya deta, tsopano tikhoza kuona dzanja losaoneka la msika.

Kukonzekera, mwachiwonekere, si nkhani ya zachuma. Ndi ndale. Zimafunika kulamulira zisankho zofunika pakupanga zomwe zingakhudze magawo onse a moyo wa anthu komanso ubale wapakati pa anthu ndi chilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, izi zikutanthauza kuzama kwa demokalase.

M'zaka za m'ma 20, kukonza zachuma kunkafuna kuti pakhale ndondomeko zandale zaulamuliro. Mu USSR, akuluakulu a Gosplan adatsimikiza za ubwino ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu woti apangidwe, ndiko kuti, zomwe ziyenera kukhutitsidwa ndi zomwe sizinali. Izi zidachitika kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Koma ubale uwu pakati pa ulamuliro wa authoritarianism ndi kukonzekera sikungapeweke. Ndi iko komwe, ukapitalizimu umabalanso ulamuliro waulamuliro wa ndale, monga momwe zasonyezedwera ndi kukwera kwa maboma a mapiko a kumanja a anthu ambiri.

Ino ndi nthawi yoti tipange kupanga mabungwe olamulira kuti aphatikizire ulamuliro wademokalase pazachuma ndi kumasulidwa kwa munthu aliyense ku chakudya. Kukonzekera kwachuma kuyenera kupitilira kuchokera pansi kupita pansi. Pakhala pali zoyeserera zambiri za demokalase "yotenga nawo mbali" kapena "yofuna" pazaka makumi awiri zapitazi. Komabe, mpaka lero, magulu, mabwalo amilandu a nzika, bajeti yotenga nawo mbali, kapena misonkhano yogwirizana sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito kukopa lingaliro la kupanga.

Wafilosofi wa ku France Dominique Bourgues amachirikiza Msonkhano wa Tsogolo. Kupyolera mu malamulo, ikhoza kukhala ndi udindo wa ntchito zapagulu ndi zanthawi yayitali, monga zokhudzana ndi kuchepetsa kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kusintha. Msonkhanowu uyenera kupatsidwa mphamvu zopanga zisankho pazachuma. Mabungwe apano a demokalase yoyimira akadakhalabe, koma akonzedwa kuti athe kuthana ndi zovuta zazaka za zana la 21.

Cholinga chake ndi kuthana ndi mavuto azachuma komanso kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Kukonzekera kwachuma cha demokalase ndi chida chobwezeretsa ntchito zonse pamodzi ndipo, pakapita nthawi, kupeza njira yatsopano yodziimira.

Mothandizidwa ndi njira ya Telegraph Zachuma ndale

Ogwiritsa ntchito olembetsedwa okha ndi omwe angatenge nawo gawo pa kafukufukuyu. Lowani muakauntichonde.