Ndondomekoyi yabwerera ku chuma

Deta yayikulu yapanga mwayi watsopano wa tsogolo la capitalist. Koma kuti tigwiritse ntchito mwayi wawo, demokalase yathu iyenera kukula.

Pamene USSR idagwa, nkhani yokonzekera zachuma idawoneka kuti yathetsedwa kamodzi kokha. Pakulimbana pakati pa msika ndi ndondomekoyi, msika unapambana chigonjetso chotsimikizika. Zaka XNUMX pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Khoma la Berlin, chigamulocho sichinamvekenso bwino. Mikangano yamaphunziro ndi ndale pakukonzekera zachuma ikukula padziko lonse lapansi

Kuchokera kwa womasulira: teknoloji imasintha moyo, ngakhale zinthu zina zachuma zosagwedezeka zikhoza kugwa. Nachi cholemba chachidule cha chifukwa chake mapulani azachuma abwereranso powonekera.

Avereji ya nthawi yowerenga: 5 mphindi

Pali zifukwa zitatu zobwerera mosayembekezereka. Choyamba, Great Recession of 2008. Sikuti vuto limeneli lavumbulanso kupanda nzeru kwa misika, koma kuyesetsa kulithetsa kwakhudza kulowererapo kwakukulu kwa boma, zachuma ndi malamulo. M'dziko la pambuyo pa 2008, kupambana kwa msika "waulere ndi womveka" sikukuwoneka komaliza.

Kachiwiri, vuto la chilengedwe. Pankhani ya chitukuko chokhazikika, anthu ambiri amaganiza zokonzekera, koma amachitcha china. Tsopano akatswiri amatha kunena za "zochitika" zachilengedwe zomwe zimatsogolera ku tsogolo lopanda ma hydrocarbon. Pokambirana za Green New Deal, yomwe idayamba Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez atathandizira ntchitoyi, mawu oti "kukonzekera" samveka kawirikawiri. Koma lingaliro lakugonjera zisankho zopanga ndi ndalama ku zolinga zanthawi yayitali, osati phindu, likuyenda kale. Kukonzekera kwachuma kumachokera pa izi.

Chifukwa chachitatu ndi chitukuko cha zipangizo zamakono. M'mbuyomu, mitundu yokonzekera idakumana ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "vuto lachidziwitso." Maboma a Socialist a m'zaka za zana la 20 adayesa kusintha zizindikiro zamtengo wapatali ndi zofunikira pokonzekeratu. Izi zimayenera kutsogolera kugawidwa koyenera kwazinthu (ntchito, zachilengedwe), ndipo, chifukwa chake, zimapangitsa kuti chuma chisavutike kwambiri ndi mavuto ndi ulova. Mwa zina, izi zimafuna luso lodziwiratu zomwe ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa ndikudziwitsanso izi kumagulu opanga.

Kukonzekeratu kunalepheradi m’zaka za zana la 20. Zomwe ogula akufuna, kuchuluka kwa zomwe akufuna - nkhani ziwirizi sizinayankhidwe moyenera mkati mwa dongosololi. Zinali zosatheka kusonkhanitsa deta yofunikira kuti agwirizane ndi ntchito zachuma. Kuti apange dongosolo, munthu ayenera kusonkhanitsa zambiri pamlingo wa macroeconomic, pomwe nthawi yomweyo akukumana ndi kusatsimikizika kosapeŵeka pakupanga ndi kusintha kwa zomwe amakonda ogula. Komanso, ziyenera kuchitika panthawi yake. Zosokoneza pofotokozera zosowa ndi inertia ya zida zopangira zidapangitsa kuti dongosololi lithe.

Limodzi mwamafunso akulu azaka za zana la 21 ndilakuti: kodi ma aligorivimu ndi deta yayikulu ikusintha momwe vutoli lilili? “Kusintha kwakukulu kwa data kungatsitsimutse chuma chomwe chinakonzedwa", idatero gawo la Financial Times mu Seputembala 2017. Mapulatifomu a digito ndi chida champhamvu chokhazikitsa pakati ndikuwongolera zidziwitso. Mosiyana ndi zomwe zinachitika ku USSR, centralization iyi siimayendetsedwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi luso laling'ono lachidziwitso lomwe limabweretsa zolakwika ndi ziphuphu. Zimayendetsedwa ndi ma algorithms.

Amazon imadziwa zambiri za zokonda za ogula m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Deta yayikulu imapangitsa kuti zitheke kugwirizanitsa macroeconomic (kapena kuchuluka) kugwirizanitsa ndi microeconomic (kapena qualitative) kugwirizana. Mapulatifomu amatha kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso zambiri nthawi yomweyo, pomwe nthawi yomweyo amatsata zomwe amakonda. Soviet Gosplan sanathe kukwaniritsa izi.

M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, pulogalamu ya Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) yakhala chida chachikulu choyang'anira magawo onse amakampani ndi ntchito. Ma ERP amphamvu amapereka chithunzi chokwanira, chanthawi yeniyeni cha chilengedwe momwe makampani amagwirira ntchito. Izi zimakweza kwambiri luso la kasamalidwe ndi kusintha.
Walmart amagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya HANA kuyendetsa zatsopano. Deta yochokera kwa makasitomala 245 miliyoni, pamlingo wa miliyoni imodzi pa ola limodzi, kuchokera kwa ogulitsa 17 kutengera zomwe zikuchitika mkati mwamakampani, komanso zambiri zomwe zimakhudza bizinesi yakunja (nyengo, malingaliro azama media, zowonetsa zachuma) ndiye zida zowunikira. .apeze njira zothetsera mavuto omwe kampani ikukumana nawo.

Ngakhale zili choncho, ma algorithms atha kukhala a socialists. Kodi ndizotheka kuti pulogalamu ya Amazon, Google kapena Germany's Industry 4.0 ikukonzekera tsogolo lazachuma pambuyo pa capitalist? Mkangano uwu wapangidwa ndi Lee Phillips ndi Mikhail Rozworski m'buku lawo laposachedwapa People's Republic of Walmart. Bwana wa Alibaba Jack Ma adalandira lingalirolo kwambiri:

Pazaka 100 zapitazi tawona kuti chuma cha msika ndicho njira yabwino kwambiri, koma m'malingaliro mwanga, kusintha kwakukulu kwachitika pazaka makumi atatu zapitazi, ndipo chuma chokonzekera chikuwonjezeka kwambiri. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa ndi mwayi wopeza mitundu yonse ya deta, tsopano tikhoza kuona dzanja losaoneka la msika.

Kukonzekera mwachionekere si vuto la zachuma. Iye ndi wandale. Zimafunika kuwongolera zisankho zofunika kwambiri zomwe zingakhudze magawo onse a moyo wa anthu, komanso ubale pakati pa anthu ndi chilengedwe. Choncho, izi zikutanthauza kuzamitsa demokalase.

M'zaka za m'ma 20, kukonza zachuma kunkafuna kuti pakhale ndondomeko zandale zaulamuliro. Mu USSR, akuluakulu a Gosplan adatsimikiza za mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe ziyenera kupangidwa, zomwe zimayenera kukhutiritsa komanso zomwe siziyenera. Izi zidachitika kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Koma ubale uwu pakati pa ulamuliro wa authoritarianism ndi dongosolo siwosapeŵeka. Kupatula apo, ukapitalizimu umadzetsanso ulamuliro waulamuliro wa ndale, monga momwe zikusonyezedwera ndi kukula kwa anthu opita kumanja m’maboma.

Ino ndi nthawi yoti tipange kupanga mabungwe kuti aphatikizire ulamuliro wademokalase pazachuma ndi kumasulidwa kwa anthu pazakudya. Kukonzekera kwachuma kuyenera kupitilira kuchokera pansi kupita pansi. Pakhala pali zoyesera zambiri ndi demokalase "yotenga nawo mbali" kapena "mwadala" pazaka makumi awiri zapitazi. Komabe, mpaka lero, magulu a anthu, oweruza a nzika, ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito, kapena misonkhano yogwirizana sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zikhudze zisankho za kupanga.

Wafilosofi wa ku France Dominique Bourg amalimbikitsa Assembly of the Future. Kupyolera mu malamulo, ikhoza kukhala ndi udindo wa ntchito zapagulu ndi za nthawi yayitali, monga zomwe zimakhudza kuchepetsa kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kusintha. Msonkhanowu uyenera kupatsidwa mphamvu zopanga zisankho pazachuma. Mabungwe amakono a demokalase yoyimira adzakhalabe, koma adzakonzedwa kuti athane ndi zovuta zazaka za zana la 21.

Cholinga chake ndi kuthana ndi mavuto azachuma komanso kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Kukonzekera kwachuma cha demokalase ndi chida chobwezeretsa ntchito zonse pamodzi ndipo, pakapita nthawi, kupeza njira yatsopano yodziimira.

Mothandizidwa ndi njira ya Telegraph Zachuma ndale

Ogwiritsa ntchito olembetsedwa okha ndi omwe angatenge nawo gawo pa kafukufukuyu. Lowani muakauntichonde.

Plan kapena msika?

• Mpikisano wamsika waulere

• Msika wokhala ndi zoletsa za boma (Keynesianism)

• Kukonzekera kwa demokalase kuyambira pansi

• Boma likukonzekera kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi

Ogwiritsa ntchito 441 adavota. Ogwiritsa 94 adakana.

Source: www.habr.com