Ndemanga za womasulira. - ntchito yowunikira zachinsinsi pawebusayiti (mwanjira zina zosiyana ndi Google Analytics)
Monga woyambitsa Simple Analytics, nthawi zonse ndakhala ndikukumbukira kufunikira kokhulupirira komanso kuwonekera kwa makasitomala athu. Tili ndi udindo kwa iwo kuti agone mwamtendere. Kusankha kuyenera kukhala koyenera kuchokera pamalingaliro achinsinsi a alendo ndi makasitomala. Kotero, imodzi mwa nkhani zofunika kwambiri kwa ife inali kusankha malo a seva.
M'miyezi ingapo yapitayi tasuntha pang'onopang'ono ma seva athu ku Iceland. Ndikufuna kufotokoza momwe zonse zidachitikira, ndipo, chofunika kwambiri, chifukwa chake. Sizinali njira yophweka ndipo ndikufuna kugawana zomwe takumana nazo. Pali zambiri zaukadaulo m'nkhaniyi, zomwe ndidayesera kuzilemba m'njira yomveka, koma ndikupepesa ngati zili zaukadaulo kwambiri.
Chifukwa chiyani kusuntha maseva?
Zonse zidayamba pomwe tsamba lathu lidawonjezedwa . Uwu ndi mndandanda wamayina amtundu wa ad blockers. Ndidafunsa chifukwa chomwe tawonjezedwa popeza sitimatsata alendo. Ife ngakhale "Osatsata" makonda mu msakatuli wanu.
Ndidalemba к :
[…] Ndiye ngati tipitiliza kuletsa makampani abwino omwe amalemekeza zinsinsi za ogwiritsa ntchito, ndiye kuti pali phindu lanji? Ndikuganiza kuti izi ndizolakwika, kampani iliyonse sayenera kulembedwa pamndandanda chifukwa chopereka pempho. […]
Ndipo analandira от :
Aliyense akugwirizana nanu, koma sindikufuna kuti zopempha zanga zitumizidwe ku kampani yaku America (kwa inu Digital Ocean […]
Poyamba sindidakonde yankho, koma pokambirana ndi anthu ammudzi adandiwonetsa kuti anali wolondola. Boma la US litha kukhala ndi mwayi wopeza zambiri za ogwiritsa ntchito. Panthawiyo, Digital Ocean inali ndi ma seva athu omwe akuyenda, amatha kungotulutsa galimoto yathu ndikuwerenga zomwezo.
Pali njira yothetsera vutoli. Mutha kupanga galimoto yobedwa (kapena kulumikizidwa pazifukwa zilizonse) kukhala yosagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ena. Kubisa kwathunthu kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza popanda kiyi (zindikirani: kiyi ndi ya Simple Analytics yokha). Ndizothekabe kupeza tizidutswa tating'ono ta data powerenga mwakuthupi RAM ya seva. Seva silingagwire ntchito popanda RAM, kotero pankhaniyi muyenera kudalira woperekera alendo.
Izi zidandipangitsa kuganiza za komwe ndingasunthire maseva athu.
Malo atsopano
Ndinayamba kufufuza mbali iyi ndipo ndinapeza tsamba la Wikipedia . Pali mndandanda wa "adani a intaneti" ochokera ku bungwe lopanda boma la Reporters Without Borders, lomwe lili ku Paris ndipo limalimbikitsa ufulu wa atolankhani. Dziko limadziwika kuti ndi mdani wa intaneti pomwe "sikungoyang'ana nkhani ndi zidziwitso pa intaneti, komanso kuzunza mwadongosolo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito."
Kupatula mndandandawu, pali mgwirizano womwe umatchedwa ndi FVEY. Ichi ndi mgwirizano wa Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Great Britain ndi USA. M'zaka zaposachedwa, zikalata zawonetsa kuti amazonda dala nzika za wina ndi mnzake ndikugawana zidziwitso zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kuti zipewe zoletsa zamalamulo pakazitape zapakhomo (). Katswiri wakale wa NSA a Edward Snowden adalongosola FVEY ngati "bungwe lanzeru lapamwamba lomwe silitsatira malamulo a mayiko ake." Palinso mayiko ena omwe akugwira ntchito limodzi ndi FVEY m'mabungwe ena apadziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza Denmark, France, Netherlands, Norway, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain ndi Sweden (omwe amatchedwa 14 Eyes). Sindinapeze umboni wosonyeza kuti 14 Eyes alliance ikugwiritsa ntchito molakwika nzeru zomwe imasonkhanitsa.
Pambuyo pake, tidaganiza kuti sitikhala nawo m'maiko omwe ali pamndandanda wa "adani a intaneti" ndipo titha kulumpha mayiko kuchokera ku mgwirizano wa 14 Eyes. Mfundo yoyang'anira pamodzi ndiyokwanira kukana kusunga deta ya makasitomala athu kumeneko.
Ponena za Iceland, tsamba la Wikipedia pamwambapa likunena izi:
Malamulo a dziko la Iceland amaletsa kuwunika ndipo ali ndi mwambo wamphamvu woteteza ufulu wolankhula, womwe umafikira pa intaneti. […]
Iceland
Pakusaka dziko labwino kwambiri lotetezedwa mwachinsinsi, Iceland idabwera mobwerezabwereza. Choncho ndinaganiza zoiphunzira mosamala. Chonde dziwani kuti sindilankhula Chiaisilandi, choncho mwina ndinaphonya mfundo zofunika kwambiri. , ngati muli ndi chidziwitso pamutuwu.
Malinga ndi lipoti kuchokera ku Freedom House, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwunika, Iceland ndi Estonia zidapeza mfundo 6/100 (zotsika kwambiri). Izi ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Chonde dziwani kuti si mayiko onse omwe adawunikidwa.
Iceland si membala wa European Union, ngakhale ili mbali ya European Economic Area ndipo yavomereza kutsatira chitetezo cha ogula ndi malamulo amalonda ofanana ndi a mayiko ena. Izi zikuphatikiza lamulo la Electronic Communications Act 81/2003, lomwe linayambitsa zofunikira zosungira deta.
Lamuloli limagwira ntchito kwa opereka chithandizo chamagetsi ndipo amafuna kuti marekodi asungidwe kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Limanenanso kuti makampani amangopereka zidziwitso zamalumikizidwe pamilandu yaupandu kapena nkhani zachitetezo cha anthu komanso kuti zidziwitso zotere sizingagawidwe ndi wina aliyense kupatula apolisi kapena otsutsa.
Ngakhale kuti dziko la Iceland nthawi zambiri limatsatira malamulo a European Economic Area, ili ndi njira yakeyake yoteteza zinsinsi. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo la Icelandic amalimbikitsa kusadziwika kwa data ya ogwiritsa ntchito. Othandizira pa intaneti ndi omwe amawasungira sakhala ndi udindo pazovomerezeka zomwe amatumiza kapena kutumiza. Malinga ndi malamulo aku Icelandic, domain zone registrar (). Boma silimayika ziletso zilizonse pakulankhulana mosadziwika ndipo silifuna kulembetsa mukagula ma SIM khadi.
Ubwino wina wosamukira ku Iceland ndi nyengo ndi malo. Ma seva amapanga kutentha kwambiri, ndipo kutentha kwapakati pachaka ku Reykjavik (likulu la Iceland, komwe malo ambiri a data ali) ndi 4,67 ° C, kotero ndi malo abwino kwambiri oziziritsa ma seva. Pa ma watt omwe akuyendetsa ma seva ndi zida zolumikizirana ndi intaneti, ma watts ochepa kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuziziritsa, kuyatsa, ndi zina zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, dziko la Iceland ndilomwe limapanga mphamvu zoyera padziko lonse lapansi komanso limapanga magetsi ambiri pamunthu aliyense, ndi pafupifupi 55 kWh pamunthu pachaka. Poyerekeza, avareji ya EU ndi yochepera 000 kWh. Ambiri okhala ku Iceland amapeza 6000% yamagetsi awo kuchokera kuzinthu zongowonjezwdwa.
Ngati mujambula mzere wowongoka kuchokera ku San Francisco kupita ku Amsterdam, mudzawoloka Iceland. Simple Analytics ili ndi makasitomala ake ambiri ochokera ku US ndi Europe, kotero ndizomveka kusankha malo awa. Ubwino wowonjezera womwe umakomera dziko la Iceland ndi malamulo oteteza zinsinsi komanso njira zachilengedwe.
Kusintha kwa seva
Choyamba, tinkafunika kupeza wothandizira alendo wamba. Pali angapo a iwo, ndipo n'kovuta kwambiri kudziwa yabwino kwambiri. Tidalibe zida zoyesera aliyense, kotero tidalemba zolembera zokha () kukonza seva kuti mutha kusintha mosavuta ku hoster ina ngati kuli kofunikira. Tinakhazikika pakampani ndi mawu akuti "Kuteteza zinsinsi ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe kuyambira 2006." Tinakonda mwambi uwu ndipo tinawafunsa mafunso angapo okhudza momwe angagwiritsire ntchito deta yathu. Iwo anatitsimikizira, chotero tinapitiriza ndi kukhazikitsa kwa seva yaikulu. Ndipo amangogwiritsa ntchito magetsi ochokera kuzinthu zongowonjezwdwa.
Komabe, tidakumana ndi zopinga zingapo panthawiyi. Gawo ili la nkhaniyi ndi luso. Khalani omasuka kupita ku yotsatira. Mukakhala ndi seva yobisika, imatsegulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kiyi yachinsinsi. Chinsinsi ichi sichingasungidwe pa seva yokha, ndiko kuti, chiyenera kulowetsedwa patali pamene ma boot a seva ayamba. Dikirani, chimachitika ndi chiyani mphamvu ikazimitsidwa? Zikuwoneka kuti zopempha zonse zamasamba ku seva sizingakwaniritsidwe mutayambiranso?
Ichi ndichifukwa chake tawonjezera seva yachiwiri yoyambira kutsogolo kwa seva yayikulu. Imangolandira zopempha zowonera masamba ndikuzitumiza mwachindunji ku seva yayikulu. Ngati seva yayikulu ikuphwanyidwa, seva yachiwiri imasunga zopempha mu database yake ndikubwereza mpaka italandira yankho. Choncho, palibe imfa deta pambuyo kulephera mphamvu.
Tiyeni tibwerere pakukweza seva. Pamene encrypted master server boots up, tiyenera kulowa mawu achinsinsi. Koma sitikufuna kupita ku Iceland kapena kufunsa aliyense kumeneko kuti alowe mu chipinda cha seva, pazifukwa zomveka. Pakufikira kutali kwa seva, protocol ya SSH yotetezedwa nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma pulogalamuyi imapezeka pokhapokha seva kapena kompyuta ikugwira ntchito, ndipo tifunika kugwirizanitsa seva isanayambe kudzaza.
Kotero ife tinapeza , kasitomala wa SSH wocheperako yemwe atha kuyendetsedwa (initramfs). Ndipo mutha kulola kulumikizana kwakunja kudzera pa SSH. Tsopano simukuyenera kuwuluka kupita ku Iceland kukakweza seva yathu, hooray!
Zinatitengera milungu ingapo kuti tisamukire ku seva yatsopano ku Iceland, koma ndife okondwa kuti tachita izi.
Sungani deta yofunikira yokha
Pa Simple Analytics, timatsatira mfundo yakuti "Sungani zofunikira zokha", ndikusonkhanitsa zochepa zake.
Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa intaneti deta. Izi zikutanthauza kuti deta si zichotsedwa kwenikweni, koma amangokhala osapezeka kwa wosuta mapeto. Sitichita izi - ngati muchotsa deta yanu, idzazimiririka m'nkhokwe yathu. Timagwiritsa ntchito kufufuta mwamphamvu. Zindikirani: Akhalabe muzosunga zobisika kwa masiku 90. Pakakhala cholakwika, titha kuwabwezeretsa.
Tilibe delete_pamalo 😉
Ndikofunika kuti makasitomala adziwe zomwe deta imasungidwa ndi zomwe zimachotsedwa. Munthu akachotsa deta yake, . Wogwiritsa ntchito ndi ma analytics ake amachotsedwa ku database. Timachotsanso kirediti kadi ndi imelo kuchokera kwa Stripe (wopereka malipiro). Timasunga mbiri yamalipiro, yomwe imafunikira misonkho, ndikusunga mafayilo athu osungira ndi zosunga zobwezeretsera zakale kwa masiku 90.
Funso: Ngati mumangosunga zidziwitso zochepa, chifukwa chiyani mukufunikira chitetezo chonsechi ndi chitetezo chowonjezera?
Chabwino, tikufuna kukhala kampani yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yowunikira zachinsinsi. Tidzachita zonse zomwe tingathe kuti tikupatseni zida zabwino kwambiri zowunikira popanda kusokoneza zinsinsi za alendo anu. Ngakhale tikuteteza zambiri za alendo osadziwika, tikufuna kuwonetsa kuti timasamala zachinsinsi.
Kodi yotsatira?
Titakonza zachinsinsi, kuthamanga kwa zolemba zomwe zili patsamba lawebusayiti zidakwera pang'ono. Izi ndizomveka chifukwa ankakhala nawo pa CloudFlare CDN, yomwe ndi mndandanda wa maseva padziko lonse lapansi omwe amafulumizitsa nthawi yotsegula kwa aliyense. Pakali pano tikuganiza zoyika CDN yosavuta kwambiri yokhala ndi maseva obisika omwe azingotumikira JavaScript ndikusunga kwakanthawi zopempha zamasamba musanawatumize ku seva yayikulu ku Iceland.
Source: www.habr.com