Chifukwa chiyani kukweza zolemba zanu sikungakupangitseni kukhala wopanga bwino

Techlead Skyeng Kirill Rogovoy (flashhhh) amapereka ulaliki pamisonkhano yomwe amalankhula za maluso omwe wopanga bwino aliyense ayenera kukulitsa kuti akhale wopambana. Ndinamupempha kuti agawane nkhaniyi ndi owerenga Habra, ndikupereka pansi kwa Kirill.

Nthano yokhudza wopanga bwino ndi yakuti:

1. Amalemba khodi yoyera
2. Amadziwa zambiri zamakono
3. Kulemba ntchito mwachangu
4. Amadziwa mulu wa ma algorithms ndi mapangidwe apangidwe
5. Mutha kusinthanso khodi iliyonse pogwiritsa ntchito Code Clean
6. Osataya nthawi pazinthu zopanda pulogalamu
7. 100% mbuye waukadaulo womwe mumakonda

Umu ndi momwe HR amawonera ofuna kukhala oyenera, ndipo ntchito, motero, imawonekanso chonchi.

Koma zimene ndinakumana nazo zikunena kuti zimenezi si zoona kwenikweni.

Choyamba, ziganizo ziwiri zofunika kwambiri:
1) zomwe ndakumana nazo ndi magulu ogulitsa, i.e. makampani omwe ali ndi katundu wawo, osati kugulitsa kunja; mu ntchito kunja chirichonse chikhoza kukhala chosiyana kwambiri;
2) ngati ndinu wamng'ono, ndiye kuti si malangizo onse omwe angagwire ntchito, ndipo ngati ine ndikanakhala inu, ndikanangoyang'ana pa mapulogalamu panopa.

Wopanga bwino: zenizeni

1: Kuposa ma code avareji

Wopanga mapulogalamu abwino amadziwa kupanga zomanga zozizira, kulemba ma code ozizira, osapanga nsikidzi zambiri; Nthawi zambiri, amachita bwino kuposa pafupifupi, koma sali pamwamba pa 1% ya akatswiri. Ambiri mwa opanga ozizira kwambiri omwe ndimawadziwa sakhala ma coder abwino kwambiri: ndiabwino pazomwe amachita, koma sangachite chilichonse chodabwitsa.

2: Amathetsa mavuto osati kuwapanga

Tiyerekeze kuti tikufunika kuphatikiza ntchito zakunja ku polojekitiyi. Timalandila ukadaulo, yang'anani zolembazo, muwone kuti china chake chatha pamenepo, timvetsetsa kuti tiyenera kudutsa magawo owonjezera, kusintha zina, kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito mwanjira ina ndikupanga njira yokhotakhota kugwira ntchito moyenera, pomaliza, pambuyo pa banja. masiku timamvetsetsa kuti sitingathe kupitiriza chonchi. Makhalidwe abwino a wopanga zinthu mumkhalidwewu ndi kubwerera ku bizinesi ndi kunena kuti: “Ndinachita izi ndi izo, uyu sagwira ntchito mwanjira imeneyo, ndipo uyo sagwira ntchito konse, choncho pita ukazindikire wekha. ” Bizinesi ili ndi vuto: muyenera kuyang'ana zomwe zidachitika, kulumikizana ndi wina, ndikuyesera kuthetsa vutolo. Foni yosweka imayamba: "Mumuuze, ndimulembera mameseji, onani zomwe adayankha."

Wopanga mapulogalamu abwino, akukumana ndi izi, adzapeza olankhulana naye, kulankhula naye pafoni, kukambirana za vutoli, ndipo ngati palibe chomwe chikuyenda bwino, adzasonkhanitsa anthu oyenera, kufotokoza zonse ndikupereka njira zina (makamaka, pali zina. ntchito zakunja zothandizidwa bwino). Wopanga izi amawona vuto la bizinesi ndikulithetsa. Ntchito yake imatsekedwa pamene athetsa vuto la bizinesi, osati pamene akukumana ndi chinachake.

3: Amayesa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kuti apeze zotsatira zabwino, ngakhale zitatanthauza ndodo zolembera

Kupanga mapulogalamu m'makampani opanga zinthu nthawi zonse kumakhala kowononga ndalama zambiri: opanga ndi okwera mtengo. Ndipo wopanga bwino amamvetsetsa kuti bizinesi imafuna kupeza ndalama zochulukirapo pogwiritsa ntchito zochepa. Pofuna kumuthandiza, wokonza bwino ntchitoyo amafuna kuwononga ndalama zochepa pa nthawi yake yodula kuti apeze phindu lalikulu kwa bwanayo.

Pali zinthu ziwiri monyanyira apa. Chimodzi ndichoti mutha kuthana ndi mavuto onse ndi ndodo, osadandaula ndi zomangamanga, popanda kukonzanso, ndi zina. Tonse timadziwa momwe izi zimathera nthawi zambiri: palibe chomwe chimagwira ntchito, timalembanso ntchitoyo kuyambira pachiyambi. Wina ndi pamene munthu amayesa kubwera ndi kamangidwe koyenera kwa batani lililonse, kuthera ola limodzi pa ntchitoyo ndi zinayi pa refactoring. Chotsatira cha ntchito yotereyi chikuwoneka bwino, koma vuto ndiloti kumbali ya bizinesi zimatenga maola khumi kuti amalize batani, muzochitika zonse zoyambirira ndi zachiwiri, chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyana.

Wopanga bwino amadziwa kulinganiza pakati pa izi monyanyira. Amamvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika ndipo amapanga chisankho choyenera: muvutoli ndidula ndodo, chifukwa iyi ndi code yomwe imakhudzidwa kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Koma mu izi, ndizovuta ndikuchita zonse molondola momwe ndingathere, chifukwa zatsopano zana zomwe sizinapangidwe zidzadalira zomwe ndapambana.

4. Ali ndi dongosolo lake loyendetsera bizinesi ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito pama projekiti azovuta zilizonse momwemo.

Kugwira ntchito pa mfundo Kupeza Zinthu Zomwe Zachitika - mukamalemba ntchito zanu zonse mumtundu wina wamalemba, musaiwale mapangano aliwonse, kukankhira aliyense, kuwonetsa kulikonse pa nthawi yake, dziwani zomwe zili zofunika komanso zomwe sizili zofunika pakadali pano, simutaya ntchito. Mkhalidwe wamba wa anthu oterowo ndi wakuti pamene muvomerezana nawo pa chinachake, simumadandaula kuti aiwala; ndipo mukudziwanso kuti amalemba chilichonse ndipo sangafunse mafunso chikwi, mayankho omwe adakambidwa kale.

5. Mafunso ndi kumveketsa mikhalidwe ndi mawu oyamba

Panonso pali zinthu ziwiri zonyanyira. Kumbali imodzi, mutha kukayikira za chidziwitso chonse choyambira. Anthu musanabwere ndi mayankho, koma mukuganiza kuti mutha kuchita bwino ndikuyamba kukambirananso zonse zomwe zidabwera patsogolo panu: mapangidwe, zothetsera bizinesi, zomangamanga, ndi zina zambiri. Izi zimawononga nthawi yochuluka kwa onse opanga mapulogalamu ndi omwe ali pafupi naye, ndipo zimakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa kukhulupilira mkati mwa kampani: anthu ena safuna kupanga zisankho chifukwa amadziwa kuti mnyamatayo adzabweranso ndikuphwanya chirichonse. Chinthu chinanso choopsa kwambiri ndi pamene wopanga mapulogalamu akuwona zoyambira zilizonse, zofunikira zaukadaulo ndi zokhumba zabizinesi ngati chinthu chosemedwa mwala, ndipo pokhapokha atakumana ndi vuto lomwe silingathetsedwe m'pamene amayamba kuganiza ngati akuchita zomwe akuchita. Wopanga bwino amapezanso gawo lapakati apa: amayesa kumvetsetsa zisankho zomwe zidapangidwa kale kapena popanda iye, ntchitoyo isanayambe chitukuko. Kodi bizinesi ikufuna chiyani? Kodi timathetsa mavuto ake? Wopanga mankhwala adabwera ndi yankho, koma ndikumvetsetsa chifukwa chake yankholo lidzagwira ntchito? N'chifukwa chiyani gulu lotsogolera linapanga zomanga izi? Ngati china chake sichikumveka bwino, muyenera kupita kukafunsa. Pofotokoza izi, wopanga bwino amatha kuwona njira ina yomwe sichinachitikepo kwa aliyense.

6. Imawongolera njira ndi anthu omwe akuzungulirani

Pali njira zambiri zomwe zikuchitika kuzungulira ife - misonkhano yatsiku ndi tsiku, misonkhano, scrums, ndemanga zamakono, ndemanga zamakhodi, ndi zina zotero. Wopanga bwino adzayimirira ndikuti: yang'anani, timasonkhana ndikukambirana zomwezo sabata iliyonse, sindikumvetsa chifukwa chake, titha kukhalanso ola lino pa Contra. Kapena: pa ntchito yachitatu motsatizana sindingathe kulowa mu code, palibe chomveka, zomangamanga zili ndi mabowo; Mwina nambala yathu yowunikira ndiyopunduka ndipo tifunika kukonzanso, tiyeni tikonzenso msonkhanowo milungu iwiri iliyonse. Kapena pakuwunikanso kachidindo, munthu amawona kuti m'modzi mwa anzake sakugwiritsa ntchito chida china moyenera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ayenera kubwera pambuyo pake ndikupereka upangiri. Wopanga bwino amakhala ndi chibadwa chotere; amangochita izi zokha.

7. Wabwino poyang'anira ena, ngakhale osakhala manejala

Luso limeneli likugwirizana bwino ndi mutu wa “kuthetsa m’malo moyambitsa mavuto.” Nthawi zambiri, m'mawu a ntchito yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito, palibe chomwe chalembedwa chokhudza kasamalidwe, koma mukakumana ndi vuto lomwe simungathe kulilamulira, muyenera kuyang'anira ena mwanjira ina kapena yimzake, kwaniritsani china kuchokera kwa iwo. anaiwala - kukankha, onetsetsani kuti amvetsetsa chirichonse. Wopanga bwino amadziwa yemwe ali ndi chidwi ndi zomwe, angayitanitse msonkhano ndi anthu awa, kulemba mapangano, kuwatumiza kuti achepe, kuwakumbutsa tsiku loyenera, kuwonetsetsa kuti zonse zakonzeka, ngakhale atakhala kuti alibe udindo wowongolera. ntchito iyi, koma zotsatira zake zimatengera kukhazikitsidwa kwake.

8. Sazindikira chidziwitso chake ngati chiphunzitso, nthawi zonse amakhala wokonzeka kutsutsidwa

Aliyense angakumbukire mnzake wantchito yam'mbuyomu yemwe sangathe kunyalanyaza ukadaulo wake ndikukuwa kuti aliyense adzawotchedwa kumoto chifukwa cha masinthidwe olakwika. Wopanga mapulogalamu abwino, ngati akugwira ntchito kwa zaka 5, 10, 20 mumakampani, amamvetsetsa kuti theka la chidziwitso chake ndi chovunda, ndipo mu theka lotsala sadziwa kakhumi kuposa momwe amadziwira. Ndipo nthawi iliyonse wina amatsutsana naye ndikupereka njira ina, sikutsutsa kudzikonda kwake, koma mwayi wophunzira chinachake. Zimenezi zimamuthandiza kuti akule mofulumira kwambiri kuposa amene amamuzungulira.

Tiyeni tifanizire lingaliro langa la wopanga mapulogalamu abwino ndi omwe amavomerezedwa:

Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mfundo zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kachidindo, ndi zingati zomwe sizili. Kukula mumakampani opanga zinthu ndi pulogalamu imodzi yokha mwachitatu, 2/3 yotsalayo ilibe kanthu kochita ndi code. Ndipo ngakhale timalemba ma code ambiri, kugwira ntchito kwathu kumadalira kwambiri magawo awiri pa atatu awa "opanda ntchito".

Specialization, generalism ndi lamulo la 80-20

Munthu akaphunzira kuthetsa mavuto ena opapatiza, amaphunzira motalika komanso molimbika, koma kenako amawathetsa mosavuta komanso mophweka, koma alibe ukatswiri m'magawo okhudzana, izi ndizokhazikika. Generalism ndi pamene theka la nthawi yophunzitsira imayikidwa m'dera la luso la munthu, ndipo theka lina m'malo okhudzana. Chifukwa chake, poyambirira, ndimachita chinthu chimodzi mwangwiro ndipo china chilichonse molakwika, ndipo chachiwiri ndimachita zonse bwino.

Lamulo la 80-20 limatiuza kuti 80% ya zotsatira zimachokera ku 20% ya khama. 80% ya ndalama zimachokera 20% ya makasitomala, 80% ya phindu imachokera 20% ya antchito, ndi zina zotero. Pophunzitsa, izi zikutanthauza kuti 80% ya chidziwitso chomwe timapeza mu 20% ya nthawi yoyamba.

Pali lingaliro: ma coders azingolemba okha, opanga azingopanga okha, openda azisanthula, ndipo oyang'anira azingoyang'anira. Malingaliro anga, lingaliro ili ndi poizoni ndipo siligwira ntchito bwino. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti aliyense ayenera kukhala msilikali wapadziko lonse lapansi, izi ndizopulumutsa chuma. Ngati wopanga mapulogalamu amvetsetsa pang'ono za kasamalidwe, kamangidwe ndi kusanthula, adzatha kuthetsa mavuto ambiri popanda kuphatikizapo anthu ena. Ngati mukufuna kupanga mawonekedwe amtundu wina ndikuwunika momwe ogwiritsa ntchito amagwirira ntchito munkhani inayake, yomwe ingafune mafunso awiri a SQL, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti musasokoneze wofufuza ndi izi. Ngati mukufuna kuyika batani pofananiza ndi zomwe zilipo kale, ndikumvetsetsa mfundo zonse, mutha kuchita popanda kuphatikizira wopanga, ndipo kampaniyo ikuthokozani chifukwa cha izi.

Zonse: mutha kuthera 100% ya nthawi yanu mukuphunzira luso mpaka malire, kapena mutha kuthera nthawi yomweyi pamadera asanu, ndikukweza mpaka 80% pagawo lililonse. Kutsatira masamu opanda nzeru awa, titha kupeza maluso ochulukitsa kanayi mu nthawi yofanana. Uku ndikokokomeza, koma kumapereka chithunzithunzi.

Maluso okhudzana nawo amatha kuphunzitsidwa osati ndi 80%, koma ndi 30-50%. Mutatha maola 10-20, mudzakhala bwino m'madera okhudzidwa, kumvetsetsa zambiri za zomwe zikuchitika mwa iwo ndikukhala odziimira.

M'dongosolo lamakono la IT, ndi bwino kukhala ndi luso lochuluka momwe mungathere osati kukhala katswiri pa iliyonse ya izo. Chifukwa, choyamba, maluso onsewa amazimiririka mwachangu, makamaka pankhani yamapulogalamu, ndipo kachiwiri, chifukwa 99% ya nthawi yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito osati zoyambira zokha, koma osati luso lapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo izi ndizokwanira ngakhale pakulemba, ngakhale muzolemba. makampani abwino.

Ndipo potsiriza, maphunziro ndi ndalama, ndipo zosiyanasiyana n'kofunika mu ndalama.

Zoyenera kuphunzitsa

Ndiye kuphunzitsa ndi chiyani? Katswiri wamba mumakampani amphamvu amagwiritsa ntchito:

• kulumikizana
• kudzipanga nokha
• kukonzekera
• design (nthawi zambiri code)
• ndipo nthawi zina kasamalidwe, utsogoleri, kusanthula deta, kulemba, kulemba anthu, kulangiza ndi maluso ena ambiri

Ndipo pafupifupi palibe luso lililonse lomwe limadutsana ndi code yokha. Ayenera kuphunzitsidwa ndi kukwezedwa mosiyana, ndipo ngati izi sizinachitike, zidzakhalabe pamlingo wochepa kwambiri, zomwe sizilola kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera.

Ndi madera otani omwe ali oyenera kutukuka?

1. Maluso ofewa ndi chilichonse chomwe sichikhudza kukanikiza mabatani mu mkonzi. Umu ndi momwe timalembera mauthenga, momwe timakhalira pamisonkhano, momwe timalankhulirana ndi anzathu. Zonsezi zimawoneka ngati zinthu zodziwikiratu, koma nthawi zambiri zimanyozedwa.

2. Kudzipangira dongosolo. Kwa ine panokha, uwu wakhala mutu wofunikira kwambiri chaka chatha. Pakati pa onse ogwira ntchito ku IT ozizira omwe ndimawadziwa, ichi ndi chimodzi mwa luso lotukuka kwambiri: ali okonzeka kwambiri, nthawi zonse amachita zomwe akunena, amadziwa zomwe adzachita mawa, sabata, mwezi umodzi. Ndikofunikira kupanga dongosolo lozungulira nokha momwe zinthu zonse ndi mafunso onse amalembedwa; izi zimathandizira kwambiri ntchitoyo komanso zimathandiza kwambiri kulumikizana ndi anthu ena. Ndikuona kuti m’chaka chathachi, chitukuko m’njira imeneyi chandithandiza kwambiri kuposa kuwongolera luso langa; Ndinayamba kugwira ntchito yochuluka kwambiri pa nthawi iliyonse.

3. Kukhazikika, kumasuka ndi kukonzekera. Mituyi ndi yodziwika bwino komanso yofunika kwambiri, osati ku IT, ndipo aliyense ayenera kuikulitsa. Proactivity imatanthauza kusadikirira chizindikiro kuti achitepo kanthu. Ndinu gwero la zochitika, osati zochita kwa izo. Kukhala ndi maganizo omasuka ndiko kuthekera kochitira zinthu zatsopano mwachilungamo, kuwunika momwe zinthu zilili podzipatula pamalingaliro adziko komanso zizolowezi zakale. Kukonzekera ndi masomphenya omveka bwino a momwe ntchito yamasiku ano imathetsera vuto la sabata, mwezi, chaka. Ngati muwona zam'tsogolo kuposa ntchito inayake, zimakhala zosavuta kuchita zomwe mukufunikira, ndipo musachite mantha pakapita nthawi kuti muzindikire kuti zidawonongeka. Luso limeneli ndilofunika kwambiri pa ntchito: mukhoza kukwaniritsa zotsatira kwa zaka zambiri, koma pamalo olakwika, ndipo pamapeto pake kutaya katundu yense wosonkhanitsidwa pamene zikuwonekeratu kuti mukuyenda molakwika.

4. Magawo onse okhudzana ndi gawo loyambira. Aliyense ali ndi madera ake enieni, koma ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti pakutha maola 10-20 pakukulitsa luso la "zachilendo", mutha kupeza mipata yambiri yatsopano ndi zomwe mumakumana nazo pantchito yanu yatsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo maola awa akhoza kukhala wokwanira mpaka kumapeto kwa ntchito.

Zoti muwerenge

Pali mabuku ambiri okhudza kudzipanga okha; ndi bizinesi yonse yomwe anyamata ena achilendo amalemba upangiri ndikusonkhanitsa maphunziro. Nthawi yomweyo, sizikudziwika zomwe iwo eni apeza m'moyo. Choncho, ndikofunika kuyika zosefera kwa olemba, kuyang'ana omwe iwo ali ndi zomwe ali nazo kumbuyo kwawo. Kukula kwanga ndi kawonedwe kanga kanakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mabuku anayi, onse mwa njira imodzi kapena ina okhudzana ndi kuwongolera luso lomwe tafotokozazi.

1. Dale Carnegie "Momwe Mungapambanire Mabwenzi ndi Kukopa Anthu". Buku lachipembedzo lonena za luso lofewa, ngati simukudziwa komwe mungayambire, kusankha ndi njira yopambana. Zimamangidwa pazitsanzo, zosavuta kuwerenga, sizifuna kuyesetsa kwambiri kuti mumvetse zomwe mukuwerenga, ndipo luso lomwe mwapeza lingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Pazonse, bukhuli limafotokoza nkhani yolankhulana ndi anthu.

2. Stephen R. Covey "Zizolowezi 7 za Anthu Ochita Bwino Kwambiri". Kuphatikizika kwamaluso osiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku proactivity kupita ku luso lofewa, ndikugogomezera kukwaniritsa mgwirizano mukafunika kusintha gulu laling'ono kukhala gulu lalikulu. Ndiwosavuta kuwerenga.

3. Ray Dalio "Mfundo". Imawulula mitu yotseguka komanso yogwira ntchito, kutengera mbiri ya kampani yomwe wolembayo adamanga, yomwe adakwanitsa zaka 40. Zitsanzo zambiri zomwe zapezedwa movutikira m'moyo zikuwonetsa momwe tsankho komanso kudalira munthu angakhalire, komanso momwe angachotsere.

4. David Allen, “Kuchita Zinthu”. Kuwerenga kovomerezeka kuti muphunzire kudzipanga nokha. Sizosavuta kuwerenga, koma imapereka zida zambiri zoyendetsera moyo ndi zochitika, imayang'ana mbali zonse mwatsatanetsatane, ndikukuthandizani kusankha zomwe mukufuna. Ndi thandizo lake, ndinapanga dongosolo langa lomwe limandilola kuchita zinthu zofunika kwambiri nthawi zonse osaiwala zina.

Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti kungowerenga sikokwanira. Mukhoza kumeza buku limodzi pa sabata, koma zotsatira zake zidzakhala kwa masiku angapo, ndiyeno chirichonse chidzabwerera kumalo ake. Mabuku ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la upangiri womwe umayesedwa nthawi yomweyo muzochita. Ngati simuchita izi, ndiye kuti zonse zomwe akupatsani ndikukulitsa mawonekedwe anu.

Source: www.habr.com