Mabuku osankhidwa amomwe mungaphunzire, kuganiza ndi kupanga zisankho zogwira mtima

Mu blog yathu pa Habré timasindikiza osati nkhani zokha zomwe zikuchitika gulu la ITMO University, komanso maulendo azithunzi - mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi athu ma laboratories a robotics, ma laboratory a machitidwe a cyberphysical и DIY coworking Fablab.

Masiku ano taphatikiza mabuku osankhidwa omwe amawunika mwayi wowongolera ntchito ndi kuphunzira bwino kuchokera pamalingaliro amalingaliro.

Chithunzi: g_u /flickr/ CC BY-SA

Zizolowezi za Maganizo

Chifukwa Chake Anthu Anzeru Angakhale Opusa Chonchi

Robert Sternberg (Yale University Press, 2002)

Anthu anzeru nthawi zina amalakwitsa mopusa kwambiri. Iwo amene amakhulupirira mwakhungu kukhoza kwawo nthawi zambiri amagwera m'malo akhungu omwe iwowo sadziwa. Nkhani za m’bukhuli zimayang’ana zizolowezi zoipa za anthu anzeru, kuyambira kunyalanyaza maubwenzi odziŵika bwino oyambitsa ndi zotsatira zake mpaka ku chizoloŵezi chodzilingalira mopambanitsa chokumana nacho chawo. Bukuli likuthandizani kuti muganizire mozama za momwe timaganizira, kuphunzira komanso kugwira ntchito.

Mmene Ana Amalepherera

John Holt (1964, Pitman Publishing Corp.)

Mphunzitsi waku America John Holt ndi m'modzi mwa otsutsa odziwika bwino a maphunziro okhazikitsidwa. Bukuli lachokera pa zomwe adakumana nazo monga mphunzitsi komanso momwe adawonera momwe ophunzira a sitandade chisanu amalephera kuphunzira. Mituyi imakumbutsa zomwe zalembedwa mu diary - zimayendera zochitika zomwe wolembayo amasanthula pang'onopang'ono. Kuwerenga mosamala kudzakuthandizani kuti muganizirenso zomwe mwakumana nazo ndikumvetsetsa kuti zizolowezi za "maphunziro" zakhazikika mwa inu kuyambira ali mwana. Bukuli linasindikizidwa mu Chirasha m'zaka za m'ma 90, koma tsopano silinasindikizidwe.

Kuphunzitsa ngati Ntchito Yosokoneza

Neil Postman & Charles Weingartner (Delacorte Press, 1969)

Malinga ndi olembawo, mavuto angapo a anthu - monga kutentha kwa dziko, kusagwirizana pakati pa anthu ndi mliri wa matenda a maganizo - amakhalabe osathetsedwa chifukwa cha njira ya maphunziro yomwe inayikidwa mwa ife monga ana. Kuti mukhale ndi moyo watanthauzo ndikusintha dziko kuti likhale labwino, choyamba ndikusintha momwe mumaonera chidziwitso komanso njira yopezera. Olembawo amatsutsa kuganiza mozama ndikukonzekera ndondomeko ya maphunziro mozungulira mafunso osati mayankho.

Kuphunzira kuphunzira

Pangani Izi Kumamatira: Sayansi Yophunzira Bwino

Peter C. Brown, Henry L. Roediger III, Mark A. McDaniel (2014)

M'bukuli mupeza mafotokozedwe onse a njira yophunzirira kuchokera kumalingaliro amalingaliro ndi malangizo othandiza kuti mukwaniritse bwino. Chisamaliro chapadera chimaperekedwa ku njira zamaphunziro zomwe sizigwira ntchito. Olembawo afotokoza chifukwa chake izi zimachitika ndikuwuzani zomwe mungachite nazo. Mwachitsanzo, amatsutsa kuti kuzolowera maphunziro a wophunzira n’kopanda ntchito. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kutengera njira zina zophunzitsira sikukhudza mphamvu ya kuphunzira.

Kuyenda: The Psychology of Optimal Experience

Mihaly Cziksentmihalyi (Harper, 1990)

Ntchito yotchuka kwambiri ya katswiri wa zamaganizo Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Pakatikati mwa bukhuli pali lingaliro la "kuyenda." Wolembayo akutsimikizira kuti kutha "kulowa nawo" nthawi zonse kumapangitsa moyo wa munthu kukhala watanthauzo, wokondwa komanso wopindulitsa. Bukuli limakamba za momwe oimira ntchito zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera kwa oimba mpaka okwera mapiri - amapeza dziko ili, ndi zomwe mungaphunzire kwa iwo. Ntchitoyi inalembedwa m'chinenero chosavuta komanso chodziwika bwino - pafupi ndi mabuku a "kudzithandiza" mtundu. Chaka chino bukulo linasindikizidwanso m’Chirasha.

Momwe Mungathetsere: Mbali Yatsopano ya Masamu

George Polya (Princeton University Press, 1945)

Ntchito yachikale ya katswiri wa masamu wa ku Hungary Gyorgy Pólya ndi chiyambi chogwira ntchito ndi masamu. Lili ndi njira zingapo zogwiritsiridwa ntchito zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthetsa mavuto a masamu ndi mitundu ina yamavuto. Chida chofunikira kwa iwo omwe akufuna kukulitsa chidziwitso chanzeru chofunikira kuphunzira sayansi. Ku Soviet Union, bukuli linafalitsidwa kale mu 1959 pansi pa mutu wakuti “How to Solve a Problem.”

Ganizirani ngati katswiri wa masamu: Momwe mungathetsere vuto lililonse mwachangu komanso moyenera

Barbara Oakley (TarcherPerigee; 2014)

Sikuti anthu onse amafuna kuphunzira zenizeni za sayansi, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti alibe chophunzira kuchokera kwa akatswiri a masamu. Barbara Oakley, pulofesa wa pa yunivesite ya Oakland, injiniya, katswiri wa zamaganizo ndi womasulira, akuganiza choncho. Ganizirani Monga Katswiri wa Masamu amawunika momwe amagwirira ntchito akatswiri a STEM ndikugawana ndi owerenga maphunziro ofunikira omwe angawatengere. Tidzakambirana za luso lodziwa zinthu popanda kugwedeza, kukumbukira - kwakanthawi kochepa komanso kwanthawi yayitali, kutha kuyambiranso kulephera komanso kulimbana ndi kuzengereza.

Kuphunzira kuganiza

Mitu ya Metamagical: Kufunafuna Essence of Mind and Pattern

Douglas Hofstadter (Basic Books, 1985)

Posakhalitsa buku la Douglas Hofstader wasayansi komanso wopambana Mphotho ya PulitzerGödel, Escher, Bach"Linasindikizidwa, wolembayo anayamba kusindikiza nthawi zonse m'magazini ya Scientific American. Mizati imene analemba m’magaziniyo pambuyo pake inawonjezeredwa ndi ndemanga ndipo anapangidwa kukhala bukhu lolemera lotchedwa Metamagical Themas. Hofstader amakhudza mitu yosiyanasiyana yokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha kuganiza kwaumunthu, kuchokera ku zokopa za kuwala ndi nyimbo za Chopin kupita ku luntha lochita kupanga ndi mapulogalamu. Malingaliro a wolemba amawonetsedwa ndi kuyesa kwa malingaliro.

Labyrinths of Reason: Zodabwitsa, Zodabwitsa, ndi Kulephera kwa Chidziwitso

William Poundstone (Anchor Press, 1988)

Kodi “common sense” ndi chiyani? Kodi chidziwitso chimapangidwa bwanji? Kodi lingaliro lathu la dziko lapansi limafanana bwanji ndi zenizeni? Mafunso awa ndi ena amayankhidwa ndi ntchito ya William Poundstone, katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo mwa kuphunzitsa komanso wolemba ntchito. William amawunika ndikuyankha mafunso a epistemological powulula zinthu zosokoneza zamalingaliro aumunthu zomwe zimanyalanyazidwa mosavuta. Ena mwa anthu amene amatsatira bukuli ndi wasayansi wodziwa bwino zinthu, Douglas Hofstader, amene tamutchula poyamba uja, Isaac Asimov, wolemba nkhani za sayansi komanso katswiri wa masamu Martin Gardner.

Ganizirani mochedwa ... sankhani mofulumira

Daniel Kahneman (Farrar, Straus ndi Giroux, 2011)

Daniel Kahneman ndi pulofesa ku yunivesite ya Princeton, yemwe adalandira mphoto ya Nobel Prize, komanso m'modzi mwa oyambitsa zachuma zamakhalidwe. Ili ndi buku lachisanu komanso laposachedwa kwambiri la wolemba, lomwe limafotokozanso zambiri zomwe adapeza pasayansi. Bukuli likufotokoza za mitundu iwiri ya kuganiza: kuchedwa ndi kufulumira, ndi mphamvu zake pa zosankha zomwe timapanga. Chisamaliro chachikulu chimaperekedwa ku njira zodzinyenga zomwe anthu amachita kuti moyo wawo ukhale wosalira zambiri. Simungathe kuchita popanda upangiri pakugwira ntchito nokha.

PS Mukhoza kupeza mabuku osangalatsa kwambiri pamutuwu munkhokwe iyi.

Source: www.habr.com