Kuphunzira Chingerezi kuchokera kumasewera ndi mabuku ndikosangalatsa komanso kothandiza. Ndipo ngati masewera ndi bukhu ziphatikizidwa kukhala pulogalamu imodzi yam'manja, ndizosavuta. Zinachitika kuti m'chaka chapitacho ndakhala ndikudziΕ΅a pang'onopang'ono mtundu wa "mabuku a masewera"; Malingana ndi zotsatira za zomwe ndikuzidziwa, ndine wokonzeka kuvomereza kuti iyi ndi nthambi yosangalatsa, yoyambirira komanso yosadziwika bwino ya masewera kapena mabuku. M'nkhani yoyesera iyi ya Skyeng, ndigwedeza "masewera" akale poyang'ana oimira okondweretsa kwambiri amtunduwu ndi osindikiza awo.
Koma choyamba, mbiri yakale.
Kalekale, mβzaka za mβma XNUMX zapitazi, ndinkagwiritsa ntchito mabuku ndi masewera apakompyuta kuti ndiphatikize chidziΕ΅itso cha Chingelezi chimene ndinaphunzira kusukulu. Inali nthawi ya intaneti isanakwane, kotero mabuku adapangidwa ndi mapepala ndipo zoseweretsa zidapangidwa ndi floppy disks. Njira zimenezi zinali ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwake. Mabukuwo anali osavuta kuwapeza, anali ndi mawu olemera, ndipo pomalizira pake, akanatha kuΕ΅erengedwa paliponse ndiponso nthaΕ΅i iliyonse; Kumbali inayi, amadziwika ndi kusankha kwina - ngati sindinamvetsetse china chake, ndidalumpha, ndikuyembekeza kuti ndidzachizindikira pambuyo pake: sindingathe kupeza dikishonale panjanji yapansi panthaka. Zoseweretsa (ndipo izi zinali zopempha) sizinakhululukire kusasamala koteroko - ngati simunamvetsetse chinachake, simunapite patsogolo, munataya nthawi yamtengo wapatali ya kompyuta, chifukwa chake - chidwi chachikulu ndi kuphunzira bwino mawu atsopano. Kuphatikiza apo, malamulo amayenera kulowetsedwa m'mawu, kotero kunali kosatheka kulakwitsa m'mawu. Mbali ina ya ndalamayi ndi yakuti pali malemba ochepa pamasewera, ndipo khalidwe lawo silinakhale bwino nthawi zonse.
Tsopano popeza tili ndi makompyuta m'matumba athu omwe ali amphamvu kwambiri kuposa ma 286 akale abwino, timatha kuwerenga ndikusewera kulikonse popanda vuto lililonse. Timakhalanso ndi mwayi wophatikiza ubwino wophunzirira chinenero kuchokera m'mabuku ndi masewera, pogwiritsa ntchito "mabuku a masewera" - mabuku okhala ndi masewera a masewera. Pano, pambuyo pa mutu uliwonse, mumasankha kupitiriza chiwembucho, ndipo kuti chisankhocho chikhale cholondola, muyenera kumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika. Tikambirana za iwo.
Nkhani ya Terminology
Pali mitundu iwiri yofananira - nthano zopeka (nthawi zambiri timazitcha "mafunso") ndi mabuku amasewera (omwe amadziwikanso kuti sankhani mabuku anu okondana, mabuku okhala ndi nthambi). Posachedwapa, zochitika izi zatsala pang'ono kuphatikizidwa kukhala chimodzi, koma mizu yake ndi yosiyana kwambiri.
Zopeka zogwiritsa ntchito zidapangidwa ndi opanga mapulogalamu, ndipo zonse zidayamba ndi Adventure, yomwe idapatsa mtunduwo dzina lake. Pambuyo pa Adventure panali Zorks, kenako Mafumu ndi Space Quests, kenako zonse zidasintha kukhala Full Throttle. M'makalata akale, m'malo mwa chithunzi pali mawu, m'malo mongodina pazenera muyenera kulemba malamulo ("tsegulani chitseko", "tenga fosholo"), ndipo amakhalabe mwanjira ina. . Tsiku lina ndidzalemba nkhani yokhudza momwe alili pano, koma pakadali pano nditha kuloza omwe akufuna ntchito yanga zaka makumi awiri zapitazo ku magazini ya "Dziko la Masewera", yomwe imapezeka (chenjezo: zilembo zambiri!).
"Mabuku a masewera" adawoneka ngati chikhalidwe cholemba, adapangidwa ndi olemba, adagulitsidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa mabuku m'ma 30s a zaka zapitazo. Awa ndi mabuku wamba amapepala momwe wowerenga amapatsidwa ufulu pang'ono kuti asankhe chitukuko cha chiwembucho. Kumapeto kwa mutu uliwonse, amasankha zimene zidzachitike kenako nβkupeza tsamba loyenera. M'zaka za m'ma 70, adasinthanso, akusunthira kumasewera ochita masewera apamwamba, anali ndi ndewu zamadayisi, makadi okhala ndi tchipisi tating'onoting'ono ndi zina zamasewera, koma maziko adakhalabe chiwembu cholemba (ngakhale sichinali mwaluso), chomwe Adventure analibe. zonse.
Cholowa ichi chinayambitsa kusiyana kwina pakati pa IF ndi mabuku amasewera. Mu IF, wosewerayo anali ndi ufulu wochitapo kanthu mu gawo lililonse lamasewera (amatha kuyang'ana malo, kusuntha pakati pawo, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu ndi kuthetsa mazenera), koma nthawi zambiri chiwembucho chidakhalabe chofanana ndipo posakhalitsa chimatsogolera ku chimodzi. kutha. M'mabuku a masewera, palibe pafupifupi ufulu wochitapo kanthu m'mitu, koma pakati pawo muyenera kupanga zisankho zomwe zimagwirizanitsa nkhani, ndipo nthawi zonse pamakhala mathero angapo.
Tsopano njira za njira ziwiri zosiyanazi zadutsa ndikugwirizanitsa, koma pofuna kufotokozera momveka bwino m'malembawa ndimangonena za mabuku a masewera.
Kotero, tiyeni tipite!
Kampani yaying'ono yaku America yomwe imagwira ntchito pamawu ongolemba okha omwe ali ndi kamangidwe kakang'ono. Gawo lazolemba lili patsogolo apa; awa ndi mabuku enieni, pomwe zisankho zanu zimakhudza chitukuko cha chiwembucho, koma momwe simungathe "kutaya", mutha kufikira mathero osiyanasiyana. Chotsatira cha njira iyi ndikuganizira kwambiri ubwino wa chiwembu ndi chinenero. A mbali zotsatira ndi kuti palibe chochita pano ngati inu simukumvetsa zimene zikunenedwa, kotero iwo ali abwino kwa MwaukadauloZida mlingo wa chidziwitso chinenero.
Kusankha Masewera kunatsegula chilankhulo chake cholembera "mabuku anthambi" kwa aliyense, ndipo anthu ambiri adatengerapo mwayi. Mabuku awo amagulitsidwa kapena kuperekedwa kwaulere pansi pa chizindikirocho .
Mabuku amasewera amapezeka pamapulatifomu onse, ndipo mitu yoyamba imatha kuwerengedwa kwaulere pasakatuli - zomwe ndi zabwino ngati muli nazo. kwa Chrome: mutha kumasulira zolemba ndikuwonjezera mawu oti muphunzire.
Kawirikawiri, mabuku onse a Choice of Games ndi abwino. Mukhoza kuyamba ndi chilengedwe chawo choyamba , ndi kuchokera ku filosofi ; Sikophweka kusankha malingaliro angapo apa.
Chida chochokera kuHost, i.e. yolembedwa ndi wolemba pawokha, koma wolemba uyu, Heather Albano, anali atalembapo kale mabuku angapo "ovomerezeka" a CoG. Hodgepodge yowopsa komanso yodabwitsa ya Sherlock Holmes, Jack the Ripper, Jekyll ndi Hyde, zongopeka zapamwamba, Victorian England ndi steampunk. Nkhaniyi ndi yochititsa chidwi, yodzaza ndi zopindika zosayembekezereka ndi mafoloko a chiwembu. Chisankho chabwino kwambiri choyambira kuzolowerana ndi mtundu womwe mungawerenge ndikuwerenganso, kusintha nkhani nthawi iliyonse. Kuti muwonjezere chilimbikitso chobwereza masewero, pali "zopambana" zomwe zimatsegulidwa pochita zinthu zina zomwe mumachita.
Buku la masewera lomwe limafotokoza za moyo wa mphaka (kapena amphaka) omwe adatengedwa kunyumba kuchokera kumalo ogona. Muyenera kusankha ngati mutayika mu thireyi kapena mu nsapato zanu, kuponyera vase pa alumali kapena kupukuta pa mawondo anu, kuvomereza kudya chakudya kapena kuyembekezera foie gras. Zikuwoneka kuti moyo wa mphaka suli wodzaza ndi zochitika, koma ili ndiye buku lamasewera lodziwika bwino kwambiri pamndandanda wa CoG: pali mawu 600, kuposa Nkhondo ndi Mtendere. Chofunikira kwa okonda amphaka.
Kampani yaku Mexico yomwe yachita khama komanso chikondi kwambiri pakupanga injini, koma ili kumbuyo kwambiri kwa omwe akupikisana nawo malinga ndi zomwe zili. Mabuku (amene pano otchedwa pathbooks) amayamba ndi zoyambira zochititsa chidwi, zomwe mukuyembekezera chinachake chachikulu ndi chosangalatsa, koma mwamsanga pambuyo pa chiyambi pamabwera mathero adzidzidzi, ophwanyika. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, owerenga alibe mwayi wambiri wokhudza chiwembucho - pali mafoloko asanu kapena asanu ndi limodzi m'bukuli, zimachitika m'malo achilendo ndipo chikoka chawo pa nkhaniyi sichidziwika. Komabe, mabuku onsewa akhoza kuwerengedwa kamodzi (ndipo nthawi zina) kwaulere, ndipo kukula kwawo kochepa kungapangitse ophunzira chinenero. Palinso mabuku amasewera a ana!
Akuluakulu: Zolakwa Zakale (, ) ndi noir yomwe idakhazikitsidwa m'tsogolomu pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yadziko 3, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi a Dick's The Man in the High Castle. Tsoka ilo, zonse zimatha ndi zoikamo. - nkhani yokhudzana ndi zochitika zachilendo m'nkhalango, zomwe ziribe kanthu kochita ndi chiwembucho.
Kwa ana: - chiwonetsero chadzidzidzi kuti m'buku la ana njira yayifupi komanso yosavuta yachiwembu imagwira ntchito bwino.
Opanga ochokera ku Barcelona omwe, kuwonjezera pa mabuku amasewera, amapanganso maulendo ochezera a mumyuziyamu. Tinayamba ndi "mabuku a nthambi" (Deadman Diaries), koma ndi nyimbo ndi mapangidwe olemera, ndipo tsopano tapanga kachitidwe kathu kamasewera ndi madasi ndipo tikulemba mafilimu ochititsa chidwi kwambiri (Heavy Metal Thunder). Ngakhale kuti gawo lachitatu likuwoneka kuti likukonzedwa, mafilimuwa sagwira ntchito pa Android yachisanu ndi chiwiri, kotero sindidzalemba za iwo. Kuphatikiza apo, Cubus ili ndi chinthu chosayerekezeka popanda njira zomenyera nkhondo komanso ndewu mwachisawawa.
The Frankenstein Nkhondo
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Mwina buku labwino kwambiri lamasewera m'gululi limafotokoza mbiri ina ya ku France yazaka za m'ma XNUMX, pomwe osintha zinthu adapeza zolemba za Frankenstein, adaphunzira kupanga zilombo kuchokera kwa asitikali akugwa, ndikukonzanso mtembo wa Napoleon, kumusandutsa Darth Vader m'madzi. Otchulidwa awiriwa ndi abale omwe, mwakufuna kwawo, amadzipeza ali mbali zotsutsana za kutsogolo. Kapena iwo omwe ali mbali imodzi ali ndi inu kusankha; zambiri mu ntchitoyi zingasinthe kwambiri ndi lingaliro la owerenga. Palinso kuwombera malemba, nkhondo yanzeru ya malemba ndi nyimbo yabwino. Nthawi zina chowerengera chimayatsa: magawo ena ayenera kuperekedwa mwachangu; Ngati chidziwitso chanu cha chilankhulo sichikukwanira, izi zitha kuyambitsa zovuta.
Anyamata achichepere ochokera ku Cambridge, omwe zolengedwa zawo zimayesetsa kuti ayese ngati masewera "enieni", otsalira mabuku amasewera. Pali zithunzi zambiri, makanema ojambula pamanja, zomveka, zotulukapo ndi mabelu ena onse ndi mluzu zomwe sizingatheke m'mabuku apepala, komabe chiwembucho chimagwirizana ndi zisankho zanu, ndipo zisankhozi ziyenera kupangidwa kutengera zomwe mwawerenga. Inkle imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi opanga masewera ndi osindikiza - amapanga mapulojekiti a Penguin USA, kuphatikiza, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito kuloweza ndakatulo za Chingerezi. , komanso lembani zokambirana za zidole pogwiritsa ntchito otsegula . Chifukwa anyamata ndi aang'ono ndi m'chiuno, masewera awo amamasulidwa kwa iOS poyamba, ndipo pokhapokha, ngati ali ndi mwayi, kwa nsanja zina.
Buku lamasewera lozikidwa pa "Padziko Lonse M'masiku 80", lomwe limatenga njira yowolowa manja kwambiri pazomwe zimayambira. Kwenikweni, masiku 80 a Jules Verne atsala pano, komanso maulendo angapo kuchokera ku ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, dziko limene Passepartout (inu) ndi Fogg akuyenda amatengedwa kuchokera ku chikhalidwe cha steampunk - sitima zapansi pamadzi zimayenda kuchokera ku London kupita ku Paris, ndege za nthunzi zimawuluka, ogwira ntchito amayendetsedwa ndi maloboti, ndipo zodabwitsa zamakono za chrome zili paliponse. Kwenikweni, gawo lalikulu la masewerawa ndikuwunika dziko lake paulendo. Mutha kutaya ngati mulibe nthawi yoti mufike kumapeto, kapena ngati mulibe ndalama kapena thanzi - koma izi zilibe kanthu, chifukwa ulendo uliwonse watsopano ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi wakale, pali mazana. njira zopezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo, mwa njira, uyu ndi ngwazi malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mawu m'gulu ili: pali 750 zikwi, pafupifupi theka ndi theka "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere"!
Kutengera kwa Steve Jackson's buku lodziwika bwino la 80s RPG classic, gawo la Fighting Fantasy series (yolembedwa ndi Jackson ndi Ian Livingstone, m'modzi mwa oyambitsa Games Workshop). Zinthu zamasewera pano zimatenga malo ambiri, muyenera kuyang'anira thanzi lanu ndikumenyana ndi adani ndi lupanga ndi matsenga, koma maziko akadali malemba; Nkhondo zambiri zitha kupewedwa powerenga nkhaniyi mosamala, ndipo pankhondo muyenera kulabadira zolemba zamalemba kuti muganizire njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito. Zolemba zamatsenga zimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku zilembo, pali zolodza zambiri, ndipo ziyenera kuloweza pamtima; komabe, ndi ofanana ndi mawu, omwe angakhale othandiza pophunzira chinenero (HOT - fireball, FOG - blinding, etc.). Magawo anayi (analinso mabuku anayi) amalumikizana, kotero muyenera kuyambira koyamba. Zingawoneke ngati zazifupi pang'ono kwa madola asanu, koma zimayala maziko ndipo zimakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri kuchokera pamenepo.
Chabwino, monga bonasi - chiwonetsero chaulere cha desktop cha injini ya Ink chotchedwa . Ili ndi buku lamasewera lopitilira theka la ola.
Mabuku apakompyuta akale - Kampani yaku Australia ya Tin Man Games. Anyamatawa a masewerawa adya galu oposa mmodzi, ndipo ngati Inkle mwanjira ina adatha kuyika manja awo pa Ufiti!, Ndiye china chirichonse kuchokera Kulimbana ndi Zongopeka chiri pomwepo, komanso masewera awo ambiri. Ndipo awa ndi masewera ochita masewera ambiri kuposa mabuku - ali ndi machitidwe ochita masewera, ngakhale akale, khalidweli lili ndi zipangizo, ndipo nthawi zonse amachita nawo ndewu (zikhoza kupewedwa, koma chifukwa cha izi muyenera kukweza. maluso ena ndikugudubuzanso madayisi). Kumayambiriro kwa ndimeyi, mutha kusankha mulingo wovuta, kuyambira wankhanza osatha "kubwereranso" kupita ku "wowerenga", pomwe nkhondo zonse zimathetsedwa mwachiyanjano chanu. Ndikupangira kusankha chisankho pakati (ndi chiwerengero chopanda malire cha "bookmarks") - zolembera za ntchitozi sizowoneka bwino, koma zimagwira ntchito bwino ngati gawo la masewerawo.
GA ndi mndandanda wa Gamebook Adventures, chinthu chodziwika bwino cha Tin Man Games; masewera omwe ali mmenemo alibe chiwembu chofanana, choncho muyenera kuyamba ndi atsopano. Munthu wamkulu, wachifwamba-wachidziwitso, amatumizidwa kuti akafufuze momwe kazembe adasowa modabwitsa mdera loyandikana nalo; Atafika, adzipeza ali mβphompho la zochitika zachilendo zozungulira chitsitsimutso cha mulungu Azuria. Masewerawa ndi aakulu, chiwembucho chimalembedwa bwino, ndipo zochitikazo ndizosazolowereka (ndikukhala zachilendo pamene zikupitirira). Chabwino, kuphatikiza ndi njira yopangidwa bwino ya Masewera a Tin Man, momwe mungayesere mopusa kudula chilichonse ndi nkhwangwa, kapena mutha kuwerenga zolembazo ndikuyang'ana njira zogwirira ntchito. Pali zovuta zazing'ono zosafunikira, koma izi zimayembekezeredwa kuchokera ku ntchito yayikulu komanso nthambi.
Kutengera mosayembekezereka pamasewera a Tin Man Games: mtundu wamagetsi wapa Ryan North's paper gamebook, womwe adakweza bwino ndalama pa Kickstarter. Kufotokozeranso kopenga komanso kodabwitsa kwa Hamlet, komwe mutha "kusewera" monga Hamlet, abambo a Ophelia ndi Hamlet (omwe amadziwiratu kukhala mthunzi wake). Iyi ndi ntchito yolemba, osati masewera, koma pali njira zambiri zopangira chiwembucho. Kudziwa zamaphunziro apamwamba ndikofunikira kuti mumvetsetse nthabwala zapayekha, komabe, kuti zikhale zosavuta, "chiwembu cha Shakespearean" chimalembedwa ndi chigaza cha Yorick pazosankha. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mathero opitilira zana, kuphatikiza kupangidwa kwa Ophelia kwa kutentha kwapakati komanso mayendedwe apansi pamadzi a mthunzi wa abambo a Hamlet, omwe mwadzidzidzi adaganiza zokhala katswiri wa ichthyologist. Mwa njira, kupitiriza za Romeo ndi Juliet .
IP kuchokera ku dera la Washington, Masewera Osangalatsa a Sam Landstrom ndi mtundu wa "Tin Man kwa osauka." Awanso ndi sewero la mabuku, koma udzu pano ndi wotsika komanso madzi ndi ochepa. Koma zonse ndi zotheka mu "freemium" mode: anamaliza gawo limodzi la mndandanda, "ndalama", anatsegula lotsatira - kapena kugula "ndalama" ndalama zenizeni (amaponyanso ngati mutayambitsa ntchito tsiku lililonse). Sam ndi wolemba kwambiri, ali ndi mndandanda wambiri, komanso amakopa anthu ochokera kunja. Onsewa ali kutali ndi nyenyezi, choncho palibe chifukwa chodikirira kuti mabuku atulutsidwe. Koma ndi kuti komwe mungapezeko mabuku ambiri amasewera amitundu yosiyanasiyana kwa anthu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ana?
Izi zikumaliza ndemanga ya lero. Chabwino, popeza iyi ndi nkhani yoyesera, ndidzathokoza kwambiri chifukwa cha ndemanga: tikufuna kumvetsetsa momwe malembawo aliri osangalatsa kwambiri kwa owerenga a Habr. Ndikoyenera kupitiriza?
Source: www.habr.com