Chilankhulo cha Bel chimalembedwa m'chinenero cha Bel.
Mu 1960, John McCarthy anafotokoza Lisp, mtundu watsopano wa chinenero cha mapulogalamu. Ndimati "mtundu watsopano" chifukwa Lisp sichinali chilankhulo chatsopano, koma njira yatsopano yofotokozera zilankhulo.
Kuti afotokoze Lisp, adayamba ndi mawu ang'onoang'ono, mtundu wa axioms, omwe adagwiritsa ntchito polemba womasulira chinenerocho.
Ilo silinakhazikike kufotokoza chinenero cha mapulogalamu monga mwachizolowezi - chinenero chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pouza kompyuta zoyenera kuchita. Mu ntchito yake ya 1960, Lisp adamveka ngati njira yowerengera yofanana ndi Turing Machine. McCarthy sanaganize zogwiritsa ntchito pakompyuta mpaka Steve Russell, wophunzira wake womaliza maphunziro, atapereka lingaliro.
Lisp mu 1960 analibe mawonekedwe omwe amafanana ndi zilankhulo zamapulogalamu. Mwachitsanzo, panalibe manambala, zolakwika kapena I/O. Chifukwa chake anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito Lisp ngati maziko azilankhulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makompyuta adayenera kuwonjezera izi. Ndipo adachita izi posiya njira ya axiomatic.
Chifukwa chake, kukula kwa Lisp kudapitilira magawo awiri - komanso owoneka ngati odziyimira pawokha: gawo lokhazikika, lomwe linayambitsidwa mu pepala la 1960, ndi gawo lokhazikitsa, momwe chilankhulocho chidasinthidwa ndikukulitsidwa kuti chigwire ntchito pamakompyuta. Ntchito yaikulu, ngati iyesedwa ndi chiwerengero cha mwayi wogwiritsiridwa ntchito, inachitika panthawi yokonzekera. Lisp yochokera ku 1960, yotembenuzidwa ku Common Lisp, ili ndi mizere 53 yokha. Imangochita zomwe ziyenera kutanthauzira mawuwo. Zina zonse zidawonjezedwa poyambira.
Lingaliro langa ndiloti, ngakhale mbiri yake yovuta, Lisp anapindula chifukwa chakuti chitukuko chake chinachitika m'magawo awiri; kuti ntchito yoyambirira yotanthauzira chinenero polemba womasulira wake mmenemo inapatsa Lisp mikhalidwe yake yabwino koposa. Ndipo ngati ndi choncho, bwanji osapitirira?
Bel ndi kuyesa kuyankha funsoli: bwanji ngati, m'malo mochoka ku siteji yovomerezeka kupita ku siteji ya kuphedwa koyambirira, kusintha kumeneku kunapangidwa mochedwa kwambiri? Ngati mupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya axiomatic mpaka mutakhala ndi chiyankhulo chathunthu, ndi mfundo ziti zomwe mungafune, ndipo chilankhulo chotsatira chidzawoneka bwanji?
Ndikufuna kumveketsa bwino zomwe Bel ndi zomwe siziri. Ngakhale ili ndi zina zambiri kuposa McCarthy's 1960 Lisp, Bel akadali chinthu chokhazikika. Monga Lisp, wofotokozedwa mu pepala la 1960, si chinenero chomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pokonzekera. Makamaka chifukwa, monga McCarthy's Lisp, sichisamala zakuchita bwino. Ndikawonjezera china ku Bel, ndimafotokoza tanthauzo lazowonjezera popanda kuyesa kupereka ntchito yabwino.
Zachiyani? N'chifukwa chiyani kuwonjezera siteji? Yankho limodzi ndikuwona komwe njira ya axiomatic ingatifikire, yomwe ndi ntchito yosangalatsa yokha. Ngati makompyuta anali amphamvu monga momwe timafunira, zilankhulo zikanawoneka bwanji?
Koma ndikukhulupiriranso kuti ndizotheka kulemba kukhazikitsidwa koyenera kwa Bel powonjezera zoletsa. Ngati mukufuna chinenero chomwe chili ndi mphamvu zowonetsera, zomveka bwino, ndi zomveka bwino, zingakhale zoyenera kuyamba ndi mphamvu zowonetsera komanso zomveka bwino, ndikuwonjezera zoletsa, m'malo mopita kwina.
Chifukwa chake ngati mukufuna kuyesa kulemba kukhazikitsa kutengera Bel, pitilizani. Ndikhala m'modzi mwa ogwiritsa ntchito oyamba.
Pamapeto pake, ndinapanganso zinthu zina kuchokera m'zilankhulo zakale. Mwina opanga awo adazipeza bwino, kapena kutengera zilankhulo zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kale, sindikuwona yankho lolondola - nthawi idzanena. Ndinayesetsanso kuti ndisapatuke kwambiri ndi misonkhano yachigawo ya Lisp. Zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ngati muwona kuchoka pamisonkhano ya Lisp, pangakhale chifukwa chake.
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Zikomo chifukwa chomasulira: Denis Mitropolsky
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Source: www.habr.com