Paul Graham: Zomwe ndaphunzira kuchokera ku Hacker News

February 2009

Hacker News adakwanitsa zaka ziwiri sabata yatha. Poyamba idapangidwa kuti ikhale pulojekiti yofananira - kugwiritsa ntchito kulemekeza Arc ndi malo osinthanitsa nkhani pakati pa omwe adayambitsa Y Combinator apano ndi amtsogolo. Inakula ndipo inatenga nthawi yaitali kuposa mmene ndinkayembekezera, koma sindinong’oneza bondo chifukwa ndinaphunzira zambiri pogwira ntchito imeneyi.

Kutalika

Pamene tinkayambitsa ntchitoyi mu February 2007, magalimoto apakati pa sabata anali pafupifupi 1600 tsiku lililonse alendo apadera. Kuyambira pamenepo chakwera kufika pa 22000.

Mlingo wa kukula uku ndi wokwera pang'ono kuposa momwe timafunira. Ndikufuna kuwona tsambalo likukula, chifukwa ngati tsambalo silikukula pang'onopang'ono, mwina lafa kale. Koma sindikanafuna kuti ifike kukula kwa Digg kapena Reddit - makamaka chifukwa ingachepetse mawonekedwe a tsambalo, komanso chifukwa sindikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yanga yonse ndikukulitsa.

Ndili ndi mavuto okwanira ndi izi kale. Ndikukumbukira kuti chilimbikitso choyamba cha HN ​​chinali kuyesa chinenero chatsopano cha mapulogalamu, komanso, kuyesa chinenero chomwe chinayang'ana poyesera kupanga chinenero m'malo mochita bwino. Nthawi iliyonse malowa afika pang'onopang'ono, ndinadzisunga ndekha ndikukumbukira mawu otchuka a McIlroy ndi Bentley

Chinsinsi chakuchita bwino ndi kukongola kwa mayankho, osati kuyesa njira zonse zomwe zingatheke.

ndipo ndinayang'ana madera ovuta omwe ndingathe kukonza ndi ma code osachepera. Nditha kusungabe malowa, m'lingaliro lokhalabe ndi machitidwe omwewo, ngakhale kukula kwa 14. Sindikudziwa momwe ndingachitire kuyambira pano, koma mwina ndipezapo kanthu.

Awa ndi malingaliro anga pa tsamba lonse. Hacker News ndi kuyesa, kuyesa kudera latsopano. Masamba amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zaka zochepa zokha. Kukambitsirana pa intaneti motere kwangochitika zaka makumi angapo, kotero mwina tangopeza zochepa chabe za zomwe tidzapeza.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndili ndi chidwi kwambiri pa HN. Pamene teknoloji ili yatsopano, njira zomwe zilipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoopsa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali chinthu china chabwino chomwe chingatheke, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mavuto ambiri omwe amawoneka osatheka sali. Kuphatikizapo, mwachiyembekezo, vuto lomwe likuvutitsa madera ambiri: chiwonongeko chifukwa cha kukula.

Kutsika kwachuma

Ogwiritsa akhala akuda nkhawa ndi izi popeza tsambalo linali ndi miyezi yochepa chabe. Mpaka pano, mantha amenewa alibe maziko, koma izi sizidzakhala choncho nthawi zonse. Kutsika kwachuma ndivuto lovuta. Koma mwina solvable; sizikutanthauza kuti kukambirana momasuka za "nthawizonse" zaphedwa ndi kuwuka kwa "nthawizonse" kutanthauza 20 zochitika.

Koma ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti tikuyesera kuthetsa vuto latsopano, chifukwa zikutanthauza kuti tiyenera kuyesa china chatsopano ndipo mwina zambiri sizingagwire ntchito. Masabata angapo apitawo ndidayesa kuwonetsa mayina a ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali ndi ndemanga zapamwamba kwambiri mulalanje.[1] Kunali kulakwitsa. Mwadzidzidzi chikhalidwe chomwe chinali chitagwirizana pang'ono chinagawidwa kukhala opeza ndi omwe alibe. Sindinazindikire mmene chikhalidwecho chinaliri chogwirizana mpaka pamene ndinachiwona chikugawanika. Zinali zowawa kupenyerera.[2]

Chifukwa chake, ma usernames alalanje sabwerera. (Pepani nazo). Koma padzakhalanso malingaliro ena omwe angotsala pang'ono kusweka m'tsogolomu, ndipo omwe amagwira ntchito mwina adzawoneka ngati osweka ngati omwe satero.

Mwina chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe ndaphunzira chokhudza kuchepa ndikuti kumayesedwa kwambiri pamakhalidwe kuposa ogwiritsa ntchito okha. Mukufuna kuchotsa makhalidwe oipa osati anthu oipa. Ngati muli mukuyembekezera kuchokera kwa anthu kuti azichita bwino, nthawi zambiri amatero; ndi mosemphanitsa.

Ngakhale, ndithudi, kuletsa khalidwe loipa kaŵirikaŵiri kumachotsa anthu oipa chifukwa chakuti amamva kukhala otsekeredwa kumalo kumene ayenera kuchita bwino. Njira yochotsera izi ndi yofatsa komanso yothandiza kwambiri kuposa ena.

Ndizomveka bwino tsopano kuti chiphunzitso cha mawindo osweka chimagwiranso ntchito ku malo a anthu. Lingaliro ndiloti machitidwe ang'onoang'ono a khalidwe loipa amalimbikitsa khalidwe loipa kwambiri: malo okhalamo okhala ndi zojambula zambiri ndi mazenera osweka amakhala malo omwe nthawi zambiri kuba. Ndinkakhala ku New York pamene Giuliani anayambitsa kusintha komwe kunachititsa kuti chiphunzitsochi chidziwike, ndipo kusintha kumeneku kunali kodabwitsa. Ndipo ndinali wogwiritsa ntchito Reddit pamene zosiyana ndendende zinachitika, ndipo kusintha kunali kochititsa chidwi.

Sindikudzudzula Steve ndi Alexis. Zomwe zidachitikira Reddit sizinali chifukwa cha kunyalanyazidwa. Kuyambira pachiyambi anali ndi ndondomeko yoletsa sipamu yokha. Kuphatikiza apo, Reddit anali ndi zolinga zosiyana poyerekeza ndi Hacker News. Reddit inali yoyambira, osati ntchito yam'mbali; cholinga chawo chinali kukula msanga. Phatikizani kukula kwachangu ndi chithandizo cha zero ndipo mumalola kulolera. Koma sindikuganiza kuti angachite mosiyana akapatsidwa mwayi. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, Reddit ndiyopambana kwambiri kuposa News Hacker.

Koma zomwe zidachitikira Reddit sizingachitike kwa HN. Pali malire apamwamba am'deralo. Pakhoza kukhala malo okhala ndi kulolera kotheratu ndipo pali malo omwe ali ndi tanthauzo kwambiri, monga momwe zilili m’dziko lenileni; ndipo anthu azichita mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi komwe ali, monga momwe zilili mdziko lenileni.

Ndaziwona izi pochita. Ndawonapo anthu akudutsa pa Reddit ndi Hacker News omwe adatenga nthawi kuti alembe mitundu iwiri, uthenga wokhumudwitsa wa Reddit ndi mtundu wocheperako wa HN.

Zida

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu yamavuto omwe tsamba ngati Hacker News liyenera kupewa: nkhani zoyipa ndi ndemanga zoyipa.Ndipo kuwonongeka kwa nkhani zoyipa kumawoneka ngati kochepa. Pakalipano, nkhani zomwe zaikidwa pa tsamba lalikulu zidakali zofanana ndi zomwe zinatumizidwa pamene HN anali atangoyamba kumene.

Nthawi ina ndinkaganiza kuti ndiyenera kuganiza za njira zothetsera zolaula kuti zisamawonekere patsamba loyamba, koma sindinachite izi mpaka pano. Sindimayembekezera kuti tsamba loyambira likhalebe labwino kwambiri, ndipo sindikumvetsabe chifukwa chake limatero. Mwina ogwiritsa ntchito anzeru okha ndi omwe ali ndi chidwi mokwanira kuti afotokozere komanso ngati maulalo, ndiye kuti mtengo wapakatikati pa wogwiritsa ntchito mwachisawawa umafika paziro. Kapena mwina tsamba loyambira likudziteteza potumiza zidziwitso za zomwe likuyembekezera.

Chowopsa kwambiri patsamba lalikulu ndi zinthu zomwe ndizosavuta kuzikonda. Ngati wina atsimikizira chiphunzitso chatsopano, wowerenga amayenera kuchita ntchito ina kuti aone ngati ili yoyenera kuikonda. Mawu akulu okhala ndi mitu yokweza mofanana amapeza ziro chifukwa anthu amawakonda osawawerenga.

Izi ndi zomwe ndimatcha Mfundo Yabodza: ​​wogwiritsa ntchito amasankha tsamba latsopano lomwe maulalo ake amaweruzidwa mosavuta pokhapokha mutachitapo kanthu kuti mupewe izi.

Nkhani za Hacker zili ndi mitundu iwiri yachitetezo chachabechabe. Mitundu yodziwika bwino yomwe ilibe phindu imaletsedwa ngati yopanda mutu. Zithunzi za kittens, diatribes za ndale, ndi zina zotero ndizoletsedwa makamaka. Izi zimachotsa zambiri zachabechabe zosafunikira, koma osati zonse. Zina mwa maulalo onse ndi zachabechabe, m'lingaliro lakuti ndizofupikitsa kwambiri, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo ndizofunikira.

Palibe yankho limodzi pa izi. Ngati ulalo uli chabe demagoguery yopanda kanthu, okonza nthawi zina amawononga ngakhale kuti ndi yogwirizana ndi mutu wakuba, chifukwa sichikugwirizana ndi muyezo weniweni, womwe ndi wakuti nkhaniyo iyenera kudzutsa chidwi chaluntha. Ngati zolemba patsamba ili ndi zamtunduwu, ndiye kuti nthawi zina ndimaletsa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zatsopano zonse pa URL iyi zidzawonongeka zokha. Ngati mutu wa positi uli ndi ulalo wa clickbait, akonzi nthawi zina amawutchulanso kuti akhale owona. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pamalumikizidwe omwe ali ndi maudindo owoneka bwino, chifukwa mwanjira ina amabisika "kuvota ngati mukukhulupirira izi ndi izi", yomwe ndi njira yodziwika kwambiri yopanda pake.

Ukadaulo wothana ndi maulalo otere uyenera kusinthika, momwe maulalowo amasinthira. Kukhalapo kwa aggregator kwakhudza kale zomwe akuphatikiza. Masiku ano, olemba amalemba mosamala zinthu zomwe zingawonjezere kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pamtengo wa ophatikiza - nthawi zina zinthu zenizeni. Pali masinthidwe oyipa kwambiri monga kuphatikizira - kusindikiza kubwereza kwa nkhani ya munthu wina ndikuisindikiza m'malo mwa choyambirira. Chinachake chonga ichi chikhoza kupeza zokonda zambiri chifukwa zimasunga zinthu zambiri zabwino zomwe zinali m'nkhani yoyambirira; M'malo mwake, mawu ofotokozerawo akamafanana ndi kubera, m'pamenenso nkhani yabwino kwambiri imasungidwa. [3]

Ndikuganiza kuti ndikofunikira kuti tsamba lomwe limakana zopereka lipereke njira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kuti awone zomwe zakanidwa ngati akufuna. Izi zimakakamiza akonzi kukhala oona mtima ndipo, chofunikira kwambiri, zimapangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kukhala ndi chidaliro chochulukirapo kuti adziwa ngati akonzi akuchita kusakhulupirika. Ogwiritsa ntchito a HN atha kuchita izi mwa kuwonekera pagawo la showdead mu mbiri yawo ("kuwonetsa akufa", kwenikweni). [4]

Comments

Ndemanga zoyipa zikuwoneka ngati vuto lalikulu kuposa malingaliro oyipa. Ngakhale mtundu wa maulalo patsamba loyambira sunasinthe kwenikweni, mtundu wa ndemanga watsikira pansi mwanjira ina.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ndemanga zoyipa: mwano ndi kupusa.Pali kuphana kwakukulu pakati pa mikhalidwe iwiriyi - ndemanga zamwano mwina ndi zopusa - koma njira zothana nazo ndizosiyana. Mwano n’kosavuta kuuletsa. Mutha kukhazikitsa malamulo omwe amati wogwiritsa ntchito sayenera kukhala wamwano ndipo ngati muwapangitsa kuti azichita bwino, ndiye kuti kuwongolera mwano kumatheka.

Kulamulira utsiru kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, mwina chifukwa kupusa sikophweka kusiyanitsa. Anthu amwano nthawi zambiri amadziwa kuti ndi amwano, pamene opusa ambiri sazindikira kuti ndi opusa.

Ndemanga yoopsa kwambiri ya ndemanga yopusa si mawu aatali koma olakwika, koma nthabwala zopusa. Mawu aatali koma olakwika ndi osowa kwambiri. Pali kugwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa ubwino wa ndemanga ndi kutalika kwake; ngati mukufuna kufananiza ubwino wa ndemanga pa malo a anthu, kutalika kwa ndemanga ndi chizindikiro chabwino. N’kutheka kuti ndi chifukwa cha chibadwa cha umunthu m’malo mwachindunji cha mutu womwe ukukambidwa. Mwina utsiru umangobwera m’njira ya kukhala ndi malingaliro angapo m’malo mokhala ndi malingaliro olakwika.

Mosasamala kanthu za chifukwa, ndemanga zopusa kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhala zazifupi. Ndipo popeza kuti n’kovuta kulemba ndemanga yaifupi yosiyana ndi unyinji wa uthenga umene umapereka, anthu amayesa kuima poyesa kukhala oseketsa. Njira yokopa kwambiri ya ndemanga zopusa ndi yoti mwamwano, mwina chifukwa chakuti kutukwana ndiko njira yosavuta yochitira nthabwala. [5] Choncho, ubwino umodzi woletsa mwano ndikuti umachotsanso ndemanga zoterezi.

Ndemanga zoyipa zili ngati kudzu: zimatengera mwachangu. Ndemanga zimakhala ndi chiyambukiro chachikulu pa ndemanga zina kuposa malingaliro a nkhani zatsopano. Ngati wina apereka nkhani yoipa, sizimapangitsa kuti nkhani zina zikhale zoipa. Koma ngati wina alemba ndemanga yopusa pazokambirana, zimabweretsa ndemanga zofananira m'derali. Anthu amayankha nthabwala zosayankhula ndi nthabwala zosayankhula.

Mwina yankho ndilo kuchedwetsa anthu asanayankhe ndemanga, ndipo kutalika kwa kuchedwetsa kuyenera kukhala kosiyana ndi momwe amaganizira. Ndiye padzakhala zochepa zokambirana zopusa. [6]

anthu

Ndawona kuti njira zambiri zomwe ndafotokozazi ndizosamalitsa: zimayang'ana kwambiri kusunga mawonekedwe a tsambalo m'malo mowongolera. Sindikuganiza kuti ndikukondera pankhaniyi. Izi ndichifukwa cha mawonekedwe a vutolo. Nkhani za Hacker zinali ndi mwayi kuti ziyambe bwino, kotero mu nkhani iyi ndi nkhani yosungidwa.Koma ndikuganiza kuti mfundoyi ikugwira ntchito ku malo osiyana siyana.

Zinthu zabwino zokhudza malo ammudzi zimachokera kwa anthu osati zipangizo zamakono; tekinoloje nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito popewa kuti zinthu zoipa zisachitike. Tekinoloje ingathandizedi kukambirana. Ndested ndemanga, mwachitsanzo. Koma ndikadakonda kugwiritsa ntchito tsamba lomwe lili ndi zida zakale komanso ogwiritsa ntchito anzeru, abwino kuposa tsamba lapamwamba lomwe zitsiru ndi ma troll amangogwiritsa ntchito.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe tsamba la anthu ammudzi liyenera kuchita ndikukopa anthu omwe likuwafuna ngati ogwiritsa ntchito. Tsamba lomwe limayesetsa kukhala lalikulu momwe lingathere likuyesera kukopa aliyense. Koma tsamba lolunjika pa mtundu wina wa ogwiritsa liyenera kukopa iwo okha - ndipo, ndikofunikira, kuthamangitsa wina aliyense. Ndinayesera kuchita izi ndi HN. Mawonekedwe a webusayiti ndi osavuta momwe angathere ndipo malamulo a tsambalo amalepheretsa mitu yodabwitsa. Cholinga chake ndi chakuti munthu watsopano ku HN akhale ndi chidwi ndi malingaliro omwe akufotokozedwa pano.

Choyipa chopanga tsamba lomwe limangoyang'ana mtundu wina wa ogwiritsa ntchito ndikuti litha kukhala lokopa kwambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Ndikudziwa bwino momwe nkhani za Hacker zitha kukhalira. Kwa ine, kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri, uwu ndi mtundu wabwalo la mzinda. Ndikafuna kupuma pantchito, ndimapita ku bwalo, monga momwe ndingathere, mwachitsanzo, kuyenda motsatira Harvard Square kapena University Avenue m'chilengedwe. [7] Koma malo omwe ali pa intaneti ndi owopsa kuposa enieni. Ndikadakhala theka la tsiku ndikungoyendayenda mumsewu wa University Avenue, ndiwona. Ndiyenera kuyenda mtunda wa kilomita kuti ndikafike, ndipo kupita ku malo ogulitsira khofi ndikosiyana ndi kupita kuntchito. Koma kuyendera pabwalo lapaintaneti kumangodina kamodzi kokha ndipo kumawoneka kofanana kwambiri ndi ntchito. Mwina mukuwononga nthawi yanu, koma simukuwononga nthawi yanu. Wina pa intaneti akulakwitsa ndipo mumakonza vutolo.

Hacker News ndi tsamba lothandiza. Ndinaphunzira zambiri pa zimene ndinawerenga pa HN. Ndalemba zolemba zingapo zomwe zidayamba ngati ndemanga pano. Sindingafune kuti tsambalo lizimiririka. Koma ndikufuna kutsimikiza kuti uku si kusokoneza maukonde pakupanga. Zingakhale tsoka lowopsa bwanji kukopa anthu anzeru masauzande ambiri kuti apite patsamba kuti awononge nthawi yawo. Ndikulakalaka ndikadakhala wotsimikiza 100% kuti uku sikufotokozera HN.

Ndikuganiza kuti chizolowezi chamasewera ndi mapulogalamu ochezera a pa Intaneti ndizovuta kwambiri. Mkhalidwewo ndi wofanana ndi wa crack m’ma 1980: tapanga zinthu zatsopano zoopsa zomwe zimasokonekera ndipo sitinakonzekere njira zodzitetezera ku izo. Tikhala bwino pomaliza pake ndipo iyi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe ndikufuna kuziganizira posachedwa.

Mfundo

[1] Ndidayesa kuyika ogwiritsa ntchito pazowerengera komanso kuchuluka kwa ndemanga, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ziwerengero (kutaya ziwopsezo zapamwamba) kumawoneka ngati chizindikiro cholondola kwambiri chapamwamba. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa ndemanga kungakhale chizindikiro cholondola cha ndemanga zoipa.

[2] Chinanso chomwe ndaphunzira pakuyesera uku ndikuti ngati musiyanitse anthu, onetsetsani kuti mwachita bwino. Uwu ndi mtundu wavuto pomwe ma prototyping mwachangu sagwira ntchito. M'malo mwake, mtsutso womveka wowona mtima ndi wakuti kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anthu sikungakhale lingaliro labwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake sikuti anthu onse ndi ofanana, koma kuti kulakwitsa ndizovuta komanso zovuta kupewa.

[3] Ndikawona zolemba zopanda pake zolumikizirana, ndimalowetsa ulalo ndi omwe adakopedwa. Masamba omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma linkjacking ndi oletsedwa.

[4] Digg ndi yodziwika bwino chifukwa chosowa chizindikiritso chodziwika bwino. Muzu wa vuto sikuti anyamata omwe ali ndi Digg amakhala obisika, koma amagwiritsa ntchito njira yolakwika kuti apange tsamba lawo lanyumba. M'malo mowombera kuchokera pamwamba pakupanga mavoti ambiri monga Reddit, nkhani zimayambira pamwamba pa tsamba ndikukankhira pansi ndi obwera kumene.

Chifukwa cha kusiyana kumeneku ndikuti Digg adabwereka ku Slashdot, pomwe Reddit idabwerekedwa kuchokera ku Delicious / otchuka. Digg ndi Slashdot ndi kuvota m'malo mwa okonza ndipo Reddit Ndiwokoma / otchuka ndi kuvota m'malo bookmarks. (Mutha kuwona zotsalira za komwe adachokera muzojambula.)

Ma algorithm a Digg amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi masewera chifukwa nkhani iliyonse yomwe imapangitsa kuti ifike patsamba loyamba ndi nkhani yatsopano. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti Digg ayambe kuchitapo kanthu. Oyamba ambiri amakhala ndi chinsinsi chanzeru zomwe adayenera kuchita m'masiku oyambilira, ndipo ndikukayikira chinsinsi cha Digg ndikuti nkhani zabwino kwambiri zimasankhidwa ndi akonzi.

[5] Kukambitsirana pakati pa Beavis ndi Butthead kudakhazikitsidwa makamaka pa izi ndipo ndikawerenga ndemanga pamasamba oyipa kwambiri ndimamva mawu awo.

[6] Ndikukayikira kuti njira zambiri zothanirana ndi ndemanga zopusa sizinapezekebe. Xkcd idakhazikitsa njira yanzeru kwambiri panjira yake ya IRC: osalola aliyense kuchita zomwezo kawiri. Munthu akanena “kulephera,” musalole kuti anenenso. Izi zidzalola kuti ndemanga zazifupi zilangidwe makamaka chifukwa zimakhala ndi mwayi wochepa wopewa kubwerezabwereza.

Lingaliro lina lodalirika ndi fyuluta yopusa, yomwe ndi fyuluta ya spam, koma yophunzitsidwa pakupanga ndemanga zopusa komanso zabwinobwino.

Sizingakhale zofunikira kupha ndemanga zoyipa kuti muchotse vutoli. Ndemanga za pansi pa ulusi wautali siziwoneka kawirikawiri, kotero kuphatikiza kulosera zaubwino mu algorithm yosankha ndemanga ndikokwanira.

[7] Chomwe chimapangitsa madera ambiri ozungulira kukhala odetsa nkhawa ndikusowa malo oti aziyendamo.

Благодарю Justin Kahn, Jessica Livingston, Robert Morris, Alexis Ohanian, Emmett Shear, ndi Fred Wilson powerenga zolembedwa.

Kumasulira: Diana Sheremyeva
(Gawo lomasulira lochokera kumasuliridwa ndi)

Ogwiritsa ntchito olembetsedwa okha ndi omwe angatenge nawo gawo pa kafukufukuyu. Lowani muakauntichonde.

Ndinawerenga nkhani za Hacker

• 36,4%Pafupifupi tsiku lililonse12

• 12,1%Kamodzi pa sabata4

• 6,1%Kamodzi pamwezi2

• 6,1%Kamodzi pachaka2

• 21,2%osakwana kamodzi pachaka7

• 18,2%zina6

Ogwiritsa ntchito 33 adavota. Ogwiritsa 6 adakana.

Source: www.habr.com