Ndili ndi mitu ingapo yomwe ndingathe kulemba ndi kulemba. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi "mafano".
Inde, uwu si mndandanda wa anthu olemekezeka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndikuganiza kuti sizingatheke kuti aliyense athe kulemba mndandanda wotere, ngakhale ndi chikhumbo chachikulu.
Mwachitsanzo, Einstein, iye sali pa mndandanda wanga, koma ndithudi amayenera kukhala pakati pa anthu olemekezeka kwambiri. Nthawi ina ndinafunsa mnzanga wina amene amaphunzira sayansi ya zinthu zakuthupi ngati Einstein analidi katswiri wotero, ndipo anayankha motsimikiza. Ndiye n'chifukwa chiyani sichikupezeka pamndandandawo? Zili choncho chifukwa apa pali anthu amene anandisonkhezera, osati amene akanandisonkhezera ndikanazindikira phindu lonse la ntchito yawo.
Ndinkafunika kuganizira za munthu wina n’kuona ngati munthuyo anali ngwazi yanga. Maganizo anali osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Montaigne, yemwe adapanga nkhaniyo, watuluka pamndandanda wanga. Chifukwa chiyani? Kenako ndinadzifunsa kuti, kodi zimatengera chiyani kuti munthu atchule ngwazi? Zikuoneka kuti mukungoyenera kulingalira zomwe munthu uyu angachite m'malo mwanga muzochitika zina. Gwirizanani, uku sikusilira konse.
Nditalemba mndandandawo, ndinawona ulusi wofanana. Aliyense pamndandandawo anali ndi mikhalidwe iwiri: amasamala kwambiri za ntchito yawo, koma anali oona mtima mwankhanza. Kunena chilungamo sindikutanthauza kukwaniritsa chilichonse chomwe wowonera akufuna. Onse anali oyambitsa zipolowe pazifukwa izi, ngakhale amazibisa mosiyanasiyana.
Jack Lambert
Ndinakulira ku Pittsburgh m'zaka za m'ma 70. Ngati simunalipo panthawiyo, n'zovuta kulingalira momwe mzindawu unamvera za Steelers. Nkhani zonse zakumaloko zinali zoipa, makampani azitsulo anali kufa. Koma a Steelers adakhalabe gulu labwino kwambiri mu mpira waku koleji, ndipo mwanjira zina zomwe zidawonetsa mawonekedwe a mzinda wathu. Sanachite zozizwitsa, koma ankangochita ntchito yawo.
Osewera ena anali otchuka kwambiri: Terry Bradshaw, Franco Harris, Lyn Swan. Koma iwo anali okhumudwa, ndipo nthawi zonse mumamvetsera kwambiri osewera otere. Zikuwoneka kwa ine, monga katswiri wa mpira waku America wazaka 12, kuti wopambana onse anali Jack Lambert. Anali wankhanza kotheratu, ndichifukwa chake anali wabwino kwambiri. Sanangofuna kusewera bwino, ankafuna masewera apamwamba. Pamene wosewera wa timu ina anali ndi mpira mu theka la bwalo lake, adawona ngati chipongwe.
Madera aku Pittsburgh anali malo otopetsa kwambiri m'ma 1970. Zinali zotopetsa kusukulu. Onse akuluakulu adakakamizika kugwira ntchito zawo m'makampani akuluakulu. Chilichonse chomwe tidawona pawayilesi chinali chofanana ndipo chidapangidwa kwina. Kupatulapo anali Jack Lambert. Sindinawonepo wina aliyense ngati iye.
Kenneth Clark
Mosakayikira, Kenneth Clarke ndi m'modzi mwa olemba nkhani zabodza. Ambiri mwa iwo omwe amalemba za mbiri yakale samadziwa kalikonse za izo, ndipo zambiri zazing'ono zimatsimikizira izi. Koma Clarke anali katswiri pa ntchito yake monga momwe munthu angaganizire.
Kodi n'chiyani chimachititsa kuti likhale lapadera kwambiri? Ubwino wa lingaliro. Poyamba, kalembedwe ka mawu kangaoneke ngati wamba, koma uku ndi chinyengo. Kuwerenga Umaliseche kukufanana ndi kuyendetsa Ferrari: mukakhazikika, mumapanikizidwa pampando ndikuthamanga kwambiri. Pamene mukuzolowera, mudzatayidwa mozungulira galimoto ikatembenuka. Munthu ameneyu amapanga malingaliro mofulumira kwambiri moti palibe njira yowagwira. Mudzamaliza kuwerenga mutuwo ndi maso anu ali otsegula ndi kumwetulira pankhope panu.
Chifukwa cha zolemba za Civilization, Kenneth anali wotchuka m'masiku ake. Ndipo ngati mukufuna kudziwa mbiri ya zaluso, Chitukuko ndichomwe ndikupangira. Chidutswachi ndichabwino kwambiri kuposa zomwe ophunzira amakakamizidwa kugula akamaphunzira mbiri yakale.
Larry Michalko
Aliyense ali mwana anali ndi mlangizi wake pa nkhani zina. Larry Michalko anali mlangizi wanga. Ndikayang’ana m’mbuyo, ndinaona mzere wina pakati pa sitandade yachitatu ndi yachinayi. Nditakumana ndi Bambo Mikhalko, zonse zinasintha.
Ndichoncho chifukwa chiyani? Choyamba, anachita chidwi. Inde, ndithudi, ambiri a aphunzitsi anga anali ophunzira ndithu, koma osati chidwi. Larry sanali wofanana ndi mphunzitsi wa pasukulupo, ndipo ndimakayikira kuti ankadziwa zimenezo. Mwina zinali zovuta kwa iye, koma kwa ife ophunzira zinali zosangalatsa. Maphunziro ake anali ulendo wopita kudziko lina. N’chifukwa chake ndinkakonda kupita kusukulu tsiku lililonse.
Chinthu china chimene chinamusiyanitsa ndi ena chinali chikondi chake pa ife. Ana samanama. Aphunzitsi ena analibe chidwi ndi ana asukulu, koma Bambo Mihalko anafuna kukhala bwenzi lathu. Limodzi la masiku otsiriza a giredi 4, adatiimbira nyimbo ya James Taylor ya "You've Got a Friend." Ingondiimbirani ndipo kulikonse komwe ndili, ndiwulukira. Anamwalira ali ndi zaka 59 ndi khansa ya m’mapapo. Nthawi yokhayo imene ndinalira inali pamaliro ake.
Leonardo
Posachedwapa ndinazindikira chinachake chimene sindinkachimvetsa ndili mwana: zinthu zabwino kwambiri zomwe timachita ndi zathu, osati za ena. Mumaona zojambula m’nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale ndipo mumakhulupirira kuti zinapentidwa kwa inu nokha. Zambiri mwa ntchitozi zimapangidwira kusonyeza dziko, osati kukhutiritsa anthu. Zomwe zapezedwazi nthawi zina zimakhala zosangalatsa kuposa zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zikhutiritse.
Leonardo anali wamitundumitundu. Mmodzi mwa makhalidwe ake olemekezeka kwambiri: anachita zinthu zambiri zazikulu. Masiku ano anthu amangomudziwa ngati wojambula wamkulu komanso woyambitsa makina owuluka. Kuchokera apa titha kukhulupirira kuti Leonardo anali wolota yemwe adataya malingaliro onse oyambitsa magalimoto pambali. M'malo mwake, adapeza zambiri zaukadaulo. Choncho, tinganene kuti iye sanali wojambula kwambiri, komanso injiniya kwambiri.
Kwa ine, zojambula zake zimagwirabe ntchito yaikulu. Mwa iwo anayesa kufufuza dziko, osati kusonyeza kukongola. Ndipo komabe, zojambula za Leonardo zimayima pambali za wojambula wapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Palibe wina aliyense, m'mbuyomu kapena pambuyo pake, yemwe anali wabwino ngati palibe amene amamuwona.
Robert Morris
Robert Morris nthawi zonse amakhala wolondola mu chilichonse. Zikuwoneka kuti muyenera kukhala odziwa zonse kuti muchite izi, koma ndizosavuta modabwitsa. Osanena kalikonse ngati simukutsimikiza. Ngati simukudziwa zonse, musalankhule kwambiri.
Kunena zowona, chinyengo ndikumvetsera zomwe mukufuna kunena. Pogwiritsa ntchito chinyengo ichi, Robert, monga momwe ndikudziwira, adangolakwitsa kamodzi, pamene anali wophunzira. Mac atatuluka, adanena kuti makompyuta ang'onoang'ono sangakhale oyenera kubera kwenikweni.
Pankhaniyi sikutchedwa chinyengo. Ngati akanazindikira kuti ichi chinali chinyengo, ndithudi akanaphonya mumphindi yake yachisangalalo. Robert ali ndi mkhalidwe umenewu m’mwazi wake. Iyenso ndi woona mtima modabwitsa. Sikuti nthawi zonse amakhala wolondola, komanso amadziwa kuti ali wolondola.
Mwinamwake munaganiza kuti zikanakhala zabwino bwanji osalakwitsa konse, ndipo aliyense anachita izo. Ndizovuta kwambiri kulabadira zolakwa mu lingaliro monga lingaliro lonse. Koma muzochita palibe amene amachita izi. Ndikudziwa kuti ndizovuta bwanji. Nditakumana ndi Robert ndidayesa kugwiritsa ntchito mfundoyi pamapulogalamu, adawoneka kuti amaigwiritsa ntchito mu Hardware.
P. G. Woodhouse
Pomaliza, anthu anazindikira kufunika kwa munthu wolemba Wodehouse. Ngati mukufuna kulandiridwa ngati wolemba lero, muyenera kuphunzitsidwa. Ngati chilengedwe chanu chadziwika ndi anthu ndipo ndizoseketsa, ndiye kuti mukukayikira. Ndicho chimene chimapangitsa ntchito ya Wodehouse kukhala yosangalatsa kwambiri - analemba zomwe ankafuna ndikumvetsetsa kuti chifukwa cha izi adzanyozedwa ndi anthu a m'nthawi yake.
Evelyn Waugh anamuzindikira kuti ndi wabwino kwambiri, koma m'masiku amenewo anthu ankachitcha kuti chivalrous mopambanitsa komanso nthawi yolakwika. Panthawiyo, buku lililonse lachisawawa lolembedwa ndi munthu amene wamaliza maphunziro awo kukoleji posachedwapa likhoza kudalira kupatsidwa ulemu kwambiri kuchokera ku bungwe lolemba mabuku.
Wodehouse ayenera kuti anayamba ndi maatomu osavuta, koma momwe adawaphatikizira kukhala mamolekyu anali pafupifupi opanda cholakwika. rhythm yake makamaka. Izi zimandipangitsa kuchita manyazi kulemba za izi. Ndikhoza kuganiza za olemba ena awiri okha omwe amayandikira kwa iye mwa kalembedwe: Evelyn Waugh ndi Nancy Mitford. Atatuwa ankagwiritsa ntchito Chingelezi ngati kuti ndi chawo.
Koma Woodhouse analibe kanthu. Iye sanali wamanyazi nazo izo. Evelyn Waugh ndi Nancy Mitford ankasamala za zimene anthu ena ankawaganizira: ankafuna kuoneka ngati wolemekezeka; iye ankachita mantha kuti iye sanali wanzeru mokwanira. Koma Woodhouse sankasamala zomwe aliyense ankaganiza za iye. Iye analemba ndendende zimene ankafuna.
Alexander Calder
Calder ali pamndandandawu chifukwa umandisangalatsa. Kodi ntchito yake ingapikisane ndi ya Leonardo? Mosakayika ayi. Monga ngati palibe chomwe chinayambira m'zaka za zana la 20 chingapikisane. Koma zabwino zonse zomwe zili mu Modernism zili mu Calder, ndipo amalenga mosavuta khalidwe lake.
Ubwino wa Modernism ndi zachilendo zake, kutsitsimuka kwake. Luso la m'zaka za zana la 19 linayamba kutsamwitsidwa.
Zojambula zotchuka panthawiyo zinali zofananira ndi luso lazomangamanga - zazikulu, zokongola, ndi zabodza. Modernism amatanthauza kuyambiranso, kupanga zinthu ndi zolinga zazikulu zomwe ana amachitira. Ojambula omwe adagwiritsa ntchito bwino izi anali omwe adasungabe chidaliro chonga mwana, monga Klee ndi Calder.
Klee anali wodabwitsa chifukwa amatha kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Koma mwa awiriwa, ndimamukonda kwambiri Calder chifukwa ntchito yake ikuwoneka yosangalatsa. Pamapeto pake, cholinga cha luso ndikukopa owonera. Ndizovuta kuneneratu zomwe angakonde; Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimawoneka zosangalatsa poyamba, pakatha mwezi mudzatopa kale. Ziboliboli za Calder sizitopetsa. Amangokhala phee, akuonetsa chiyembekezo ngati batire lomwe silidzatha. Monga momwe ndingadziwire kuchokera m'mabuku ndi zithunzi, chisangalalo mu ntchito ya Calder ndi chiwonetsero cha chisangalalo chake.
Jane Austen
Aliyense amasilira Jane Austen. Onjezani dzina langa pamndandandawu. Ndikuganiza kuti ndiye wolemba bwino kwambiri nthawi zonse. Ndili ndi chidwi ndi momwe zinthu zikuyendera. Ndikawerenga mabuku ambiri, ndimakhala ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi zomwe wolembayo amasankha komanso nkhani yake, koma m'mabuku ake, sindikuwona momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Ngakhale ndimasangalatsidwa ndi momwe amachitira zomwe amachita, sindikumvetsa chifukwa amalemba bwino kwambiri moti nkhani zake sizimamveka. Ndikumva ngati ndikuwerenga zomwe zidachitika. Ndili wamng’ono, ndinkawerenga mabuku ambiri. Sindingathenso kuwerenga zambiri chifukwa mulibe zambiri zokwanira. Mabuku amawoneka ochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mbiri yakale komanso mbiri yakale. Koma kuwerenga Austen kuli ngati kuwerenga nkhani zabodza. Amalemba bwino kwambiri moti simumamudziwa.
John McCarthy
John McCarthy adapanga Lisp, gawo (kapena mawu) anzeru zopangira, ndipo anali membala wakale wamadipatimenti apamwamba a sayansi yamakompyuta ku MIT ndi Stanford. Palibe amene angatsutse kuti iye ndi mmodzi mwa akuluakulu, koma kwa ine ndi wapadera chifukwa cha Lisp.
Tsopano ndizovuta kwa ife kumvetsetsa zomwe kudumpha kwamalingaliro kunachitika panthawiyo. Chodabwitsa n’chakuti chimodzi mwa zifukwa zimene anakwanitsa kuzindikila n’chakuti zinathekadi. Pafupifupi chilankhulo chilichonse chopangidwa mzaka 20 zapitazi chimaphatikizapo malingaliro ochokera ku Lisp, ndipo chaka chilichonse chilankhulo cha pulogalamu chimakhala ngati Lisp.
Mu 1958 malingaliro awa sanali owonekera konse. Mu 1958, mapulogalamu adaganiziridwa m'njira ziwiri. Anthu ena amamuganizira ngati katswiri wa masamu ndipo amatsimikizira zonse zokhudza makina a Turing. Ena adawona chilankhulo cha pulogalamu ngati njira yochitira zinthu komanso zilankhulo zotukuka zomwe zidakhudzidwa kwambiri ndiukadaulo wanthawiyo. McCarthy yekha ndi amene anagonjetsa kusiyana kwa maganizo. Anapanga chinenero chomwe chinali masamu. Koma ndidapanga mawu omwe sanali olondola, kapena m'malo mwake, ndidawapeza.
Spitfire
Pamene ndimalemba mndandandawu, ndinadzipeza ndikuganiza za anthu monga Douglas Bader ndi Reginald Joseph Mitchell ndi Geoffrey Quill, ndipo ndinazindikira kuti ngakhale kuti onse anachita zinthu zambiri m'miyoyo yawo, panali chinthu chimodzi pakati pa ena chomwe chinawamanga: Spitfire.
Uwu uyenera kukhala mndandanda wa ngwazi. Kodi mungakhale bwanji galimoto mmenemo? Chifukwa galimoto imeneyi sinali galimoto chabe. Iye anali prism ya ngwazi. Kudzipereka kwapadera kunabwera mwa iye, ndipo kulimba mtima kodabwitsa kunatuluka mwa iye.
Ndi mwambo kutcha Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse kulimbana pakati pa zabwino ndi zoipa, koma pakati pa mapangidwe a nkhondo, zinali choncho. Adani oyambilira a Spitfire, ME 109, ndi ndege yolimba, yothandiza. Anali makina opha anthu. Spitfire anali chisonyezero cha chiyembekezo. Ndipo osati m'mizere yokongola iyi yokha: inali pachimake cha zomwe, makamaka, zingapangidwe. Koma tinali olondola pamene tinaganiza kuti tapitirira pamenepo. Pokhapokha m'mlengalenga momwe kukongola kumakhala ndi m'mphepete.
Steve Jobs
Anthu amene anali ndi moyo pamene Kennedy anaphedwa nthaŵi zambiri amakumbukira kumene anali pamene anamva za icho. Ndikukumbukira komwe ndinali pamene mnzanga anandifunsa ngati ndinamva kuti Steve Jobs anali ndi khansa. Zinali ngati nthaka yasowa pansi pa mapazi anga. Patangopita masekondi angapo, anandiuza kuti ndi khansa yachilendo, yomwe ingathe kuchitidwa ndipo akanakhala bwino. Koma masekondi amenewo ankawoneka kukhala mpaka kalekale.
Sindinadziwe ngati ndiphatikizepo Jobs pamndandanda. Anthu ambiri ku Apple akuwoneka kuti amamuopa, chomwe ndi chizindikiro choipa. Koma iye ndi wosiririka. Palibe mawu omwe angafotokoze yemwe Steve Jobs ali. Sanadzipangire yekha zinthu za Apple. M'mbiri yakale, kufanana kwapafupi kwambiri ndi zomwe adachita kunali kutsata zaluso pa nthawi ya Renaissance yayikulu. Monga CEO wa kampaniyo, izi zimamupangitsa kukhala wapadera. Oyang'anira ambiri amapereka zomwe amakonda kwa omwe ali pansi pawo. Chodabwitsa cha kapangidwe kake ndikuti, kumlingo waukulu kapena wocheperako, kusankha kumatsimikiziridwa mwangozi. Koma Steve Jobs anali ndi kukoma-kukoma kwabwino kotero kuti adawonetsa dziko kuti kukoma kunatanthauza zambiri kuposa momwe iwo amaganizira.
Isaac Newton
Newton ali ndi gawo lachilendo mu gulu langa la ngwazi: ndiye amene ndimadziimba mlandu. Iye wakhala akugwira ntchito pa zinthu zazikulu kwa gawo limodzi la moyo wake. Ndikosavuta kusokonezedwa pamene mukugwira ntchito zazing'ono. Mafunso omwe mumayankha ndi odziwika kwa aliyense. Mumalandira mphotho pompopompo-kwenikweni, mumapeza mphotho zambiri munthawi yanu ngati mutagwira ntchito zofunika kwambiri. Koma ndimadana nazo kudziwa kuti iyi ndi njira yopita ku mdima woyenerera. Kuti muchite zinthu zabwino kwambiri, muyenera kuyang'ana mafunso omwe anthu samawaganizira kuti ndi mafunso. Mwinamwake panali anthu ena omwe ankachita izi panthawiyo, monga Newton, koma Newton ndiye chitsanzo changa cha kulingalira motere. Ndikuyamba kumvetsa momwe ziyenera kuti zinamumvera. Muli ndi moyo umodzi wokha. Bwanji osachita chinthu chachikulu? Mawu akuti "paradigm shift" tsopano ndi wotopa, koma Kuhn anali ndi chinachake. Ndipo kuseri kwa mabodza awa, khoma la ulesi ndi kupusa tsopano lolekanitsidwa ndi ife, lomwe posachedwapa lidzawoneka lochepa kwambiri kwa ife. Ngati tigwira ntchito ngati Newton.
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Source: www.habr.com