Paul Graham: Pa Kusalowerera Ndale ndi Maganizo Odziimira (Mitundu Iwiri Yachikatikati)

Pali mitundu iwiri ya kuwongolera ndale: kuzindikira ndi kudzifunira. Ochirikiza kudziletsa kozindikira ndi opunduka omwe amasankha mwachidwi malo awo pakati pa kumanja ndi kumanzere. Momwemonso, omwe malingaliro awo ali odziyimira pawokha amadzipeza ali pakati, popeza amalingalira nkhani iliyonse payekhapayekha, ndipo malingaliro akumanja kapena akumanzere nawonso ndi olakwika kwa iwo.

Mutha kusiyanitsa omwe ali ozindikira ndi omwe adangochitika mwamwayi. Ngati titenga mulingo womwe malingaliro akumanzere kwambiri pa nkhani ndi 0, ndipo kumanja kwambiri ndi 100, ndiye pankhani ya kuwongolera kozindikira, kuchuluka kwa malingaliro a anthu pa nkhani iliyonse kudzakhala pafupifupi 50. anthu omwe sanaganize zowongolera malingaliro awo, ziwerengero zidzabalalika kumadera osiyanasiyana a sikelo, koma kuchuluka kwapakati kumafikira 50.

Anthu omwe amazindikira bwino amafanana ndi omwe ali kumanzere ndi kumanja kwenikweni chifukwa m'njira zina malingaliro awo sali awoawo. Makhalidwe ofotokozera a ideologist (onse kumanzere ndi kumanja) ndi kukhulupirika kwa maganizo ake. Anthu omwe ali ndi udindo wozindikira sapanga zisankho zosiyana pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Malingaliro awo pa zamisonkho anganenedwetu ndi mmene amaonera ukwati wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Ndipo ngakhale kuti anthu oterowo angawonekere kukhala otsutsana ndi malingaliro, zikhulupiriro zawo (ngakhale kuti m’nkhani ino zikanakhala zolondola kunena kuti “maudindo awo pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana”) zilinso zogwirizana ndi zogwirizana. Ngati malingaliro apakati asunthira kumanzere kapena kumanja, ndiye kuti malingaliro a anthu omwe ali ndi malingaliro ozindikira amasuntha moyenerera. Kupanda kutero, malingaliro awo sadzakhalanso apakati.

Momwemonso, anthu omwe kudziletsa kwawo kumangokhalira kusankha okha mayankho, komanso mafunso okha. Iwo sangaphatikize kufunikira kwa nkhani zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri kwa ochirikiza malingaliro akumanzere kapena kumanja. Chifukwa chake, mutha kuwunika malingaliro a munthu wodziletsa mosasamala podutsana ndi nkhani zomwe zili zofunika kwa iye ndi omwe ali kumanzere kapena kumanja (ngakhale nthawi zina mphambano ingakhale yaying'ono).

Mawu oti "ngati simuli ndi ife, mukutsutsana nafe" sikungolankhula mwachinyengo, nthawi zambiri ndi zolakwika.

Anthu odzisunga nthawi zambiri amawanyoza ngati amantha, makamaka amene ali kumanzere. Ndipo ngakhale kuli kotheka komanso koyenera kuganiza kuti anthu omwe mwadala amakhala ndi malingaliro odziletsa kukhala amantha, chomwe chimafunika kulimba mtima kwambiri ndikuti musabise kudziletsa kwanu mosasamala, chifukwa mudzatsutsidwa kuchokera kumanja ndi kumanzere, komanso mwayi wokhala. membala wa gulu lina lalikulu, lomwe lingapereke chithandizo, ayi.

Pafupifupi anthu onse ochititsa chidwi kwambiri omwe ndimawadziwa amatsatira malingaliro awo mwachisawawa. Ndikadadziwa akatswiri othamanga kapena anthu ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zomwe ndakumana nazo zitha kukhala zosiyana. Kaya ndinu kumanja kapena kumanzere sizimakhudza kuthamanga kwanu kapena kuimba bwino. Koma munthu amene amagwira ntchito ndi malingaliro ayenera kukhala ndi malingaliro odziimira kuti agwire ntchito yake bwino.

Makamaka, muyenera kuyandikira malingaliro omwe mumagwira nawo ntchito ndi malingaliro odziyimira pawokha. Mutha kutsatira chiphunzitso cha ndale mosamalitsa ndikukhalabe katswiri wamasamu. M'zaka za m'ma XNUMX, anthu ambiri abwino anali Marx - n'chakuti palibe amene anamvetsa chimene Marxism. Koma ngati malingaliro omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito pa ntchito yanu aphatikizana ndi ndale za nthawi yanu, ndiye kuti muli ndi njira ziwiri: sungani zinthu mopanda malire kapena kukhala wapakati.

Zolemba

[1] Ndi zotheka kuti mbali imodzi ikhale yolondola kotheratu ndipo inayo kukhala yolakwika kotheratu. Zoonadi, akatswiri a zamaganizo ayenera kukhulupirira kuti zimenezi n’zoona. Koma zimenezi sizinachitike kawirikawiri m’mbiri.

[2] Pazifukwa zina, omwe ali kumanja kwenikweni amakonda kunyalanyaza odekha m'malo mowanyoza ngati ampatuko. Sindikudziwa chifukwa chake. Mwina izi zikutanthauza kuti kumanja kwakutali ndi kocheperako kuposa kumanzere. Kapena mwina ali odzidalira, odzichepetsa, kapena osalongosoka. Sindikudziwa.

[3] Ngati muli ndi lingaliro lomwe limawonedwa ngati lampatuko, simukuyenera kufotokoza momasuka. Zingakhale zosavuta kwa inu kusunga ngati simutero.

Anthu omwe ndimawathokoza powerenga zolembedwa zalembali: Austen Allred, Trevor Blackwell, Patrick Collison, Jessica Livingston, Amjad Masad, Ryan Petersen, ndi Harj Taggar.

PS

• Kusankhidwa kwa matembenuzidwe 143 a zolemba za Paul Graham (mu 184)

Source: www.habr.com