Portugal. Magombe abwino kwambiri komanso zoyambira chikwi pachaka

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Ndipo umu ndi momwe ndinawonera Portugal nditafika kuno mu 2014. Ndipo tsopano ndinaganiza zogawana nanu zomwe ndaziwona ndikuphunzira pazaka zapitazi za 5, komanso zomwe ziri zodabwitsa za dziko kwa katswiri wa IT.

Kwa iwo omwe amachifuna mwachangu, mwachidwi:Zotsatira:

• Nyengo
• Anthu ndi malingaliro awo pa inu ngati osamukira
• chakudya
• Makampani a IT pazokonda zilizonse ndi mtundu
• Nyanja
• Anthu ambiri oganiza bwino amalankhula Chingerezi
• Sizovuta kupeza zikalata
• Chitetezo
• Zaka 5 ndipo muli ndi unzika
• Mankhwala ndi mtengo wake (zogwirizana ndi Europe ndi USA)
• Mutha kutsegula kampani mu theka la ola osapereka msonkho kwa chaka choyamba

Wotsatsa:

• Malipiro ochepa
• Chilichonse chikuchedwa (kulandira zikalata, kulumikiza pa intaneti...)
• Makampani a IT sadziwa momwe angagwirire ntchito ndi anthu osamukira kumayiko ena (sakudziwa kukonza zikalata, ndi zina).
• Misonkho yapamwamba (VAT - 23%. Ndi ndalama za 30 zikwi pachaka - 34.6% idzapita ku boma, magalimoto ndi 30-40% okwera mtengo kuposa ku Russia)
• Chiŵerengero cha anthu ndi chosunga mwambo. Ndizovuta kulimbikitsa china chatsopano, koma chikusintha
• Bureaucracy ndi yowopsa, koma izi zikusintha
• Zidzakhala zovuta kwa mkazi wanu, bwenzi lanu, kapena mwamuna wanu kupeza ntchito osati IT, chifukwa msika wa ntchito siwosiyana kwambiri.
• Mitengo yogulitsa nyumba ndi yokwera kwambiri, kuphatikiza mitengo yobwereketsa.
• Chiwerengero chololera kwambiri (zambiri pambuyo pake)

Tiyambe ndi...

Ndinaganiza kuti ndisalembe zabwino ndi zoyipa m'matembenuzidwe owonjezera. Izi ndizodziwikiratu, choncho aliyense ayenera kusankha yekha.

Ndinabwera ku Portugal pa visa yophunzira ku yunivesite ya Algarve (Universidade de Algarve).
Algarve ndi dera lomwe lili kumwera kwa Portugal komwe kuli alendo ambiri, magombe, mahotela, ndi zina zambiri.
Yunivesite yokhayo ndiyabwino kwambiri ndipo ili pamalo okongola ndipo imawoneka motere:

Mtengo wophunzitsira uinjiniya waukadaulo unali pafupifupi ma euro 1500 pachaka, zomwe zilibe kanthu malinga ndi miyezo yaku Europe. Ubwino wa maphunziro makamaka m'derali ndipo panthawiyo umachokera ku "zabwino kwambiri" mpaka "zotero." Zinali zabwino kwambiri, chifukwa ena mwa aphunzitsiwo anali antchito amakono amakampani omwe amadziwa zinthu zamakono, kuphatikizapo anali osangalatsa kwambiri, amoyo komanso amapereka machitidwe ambiri. Kotero-choncho, chifukwa si maprofesa onse omwe amalankhula Chingerezi (m'maphunziro a 2 maphunzirowo anali mu mawonekedwe: kutenga maphunziro mu Chingerezi, kuwerenga ndipo kumapeto kwa chaka kudzakhala mayeso) ndi bungwe la maphunziro a alendo akunja adasiya zambiri. kukhumbidwa (munthu amene anali ndi udindo pa maphunziro athu ankangotchedwa kuti ndi udindo, koma kwenikweni, zinali zovuta kuti akwaniritse chirichonse kuchokera kwa iye). Visa yophunzirira imakupatsani mwayi wogwira ntchito ngati mukuwonjezera ndi chilolezo chantchito, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti ntchitoyo siyikusokoneza maphunziro anu. Maphunziro a masters nthawi zambiri amakhala madzulo, ndipo m'miyezi ingapo ndinapeza ntchito pakampani yaying'ono yokhazikitsa wailesi yakanema ndi intaneti ya mahotela ndi nyumba zapagulu. Kupeza zikalata sikunali kophweka, koma ngati abwana achita mbali yake, ndiye kuti zonse ziyenera kupita popanda zochitika zapadera. Pali makampani angapo ku Algarve omwe akuchita chitukuko, koma malipiro ake ndi otsika, pafupifupi 900-1000 mayuro ukonde wapakati pa Java. Ndinakhala pafupifupi chaka chimodzi ku Faro, mzinda wa Algarve. Pali magombe okongola kwambiri, mizinda yabwino, mitengo ya kanjedza, malo ochezera, anthu abwino komanso ochezeka. Vuto lokha ndilokuti m'nyengo yozizira moyo umayima ndipo palibe chochita, palibe kanthu. Chilichonse chimatsekedwa kapena kutseka 6pm. Kupatula malo ogulitsira amodzi. Zoyendetsa zimayenda maola atatu aliwonse kumapeto kwa sabata. Kawirikawiri, m'nyengo yozizira mukhoza kupenga kumeneko popanda chochita, makamaka ngati mulibe galimoto yoti mupite kwinakwake. Patapita chaka ndinatopa ndi zonsezi. Panthawiyi n’kuti nditamaliza maphunziro anga a Java ndipo ndinayamba kufunafuna ntchito ku Lisbon.

Lisbon

Kufufuzako kunatenga nthawi, pafupifupi miyezi iwiri kapena itatu. Kwenikweni, malipiro kapena zikhalidwe sizinali zoyenera, kapena sankafuna kulemba ntchito popanda Chipwitikizi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ndinapeza ntchito yophunzitsa anthu ntchito pa banki ina yaikulu yomwe ili ndi ofesi ya zachitukuko ku Portugal. Kenako tinayenera kupeza nyumba. Izi ndizoyipa kwambiri ku Lisbon.

Mwachidule za vuto la nyumba ku LisbonKwinakwake mkati mwa boma la Chipwitikizi, mitu yochenjera inabwera ndi lingaliro lakuti zingakhale zabwino kupeza ndalama kuchokera kwa alendo, popeza ali ndi ndalama zambiri, ndipo tili ndi chinachake choti tigulitse. Chifukwa chake Portugal idayamba kutsatsa ku Europe konse ngati malo ochitirako bajeti iliyonse. Ndipo ndizowona, malo ochezera apa amakwaniritsa zokonda zilizonse komanso bajeti. Alendo odzaona malo anayamba kubwera mwaunyinji, kutanthauza kuti amafunikira kukakhala kwinakwake. Popeza malo ndi ochepa kwambiri ku Lisbon, kulibe malo ogona ambiri momwe timafunira. Apa, kwenikweni, ndiye likulu la likulu la Chipwitikizi:

Monga mukuonera, sizili ngati padzakhala chitukuko chochuluka pano ndi kumanga mahotela.
Njira yothetsera vutoli idapezeka motere: ngati ndinu munthu wolemera waku China, waku Brazil, kapena aliyense yemwe ali ndi ndalama, mutha kubwera ku Portugal, kugula nyumba yachifumu yomwe ili pakatikati pa ma euro opitilira theka la miliyoni ndikupeza Golden Visa, yomwe. uli ngati nzika, koma sungathe kuvota. Anyamata onsewa anayamba kugula malo pakati pa Lisbon, kubwezeretsa ndi kupanga hostels, mini-hotelo kapena nyumba alendo. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe amabwera ku Portugal omwe amafuna kugula malowa adamvetsetsa kuti atha kupanga ndalama m'nyumba, ngakhale atakhala kuti sali pakati. Ndiyeno, atachira ku vuto la 2008, gulu la anthu a ku Ulaya, pozindikira kuti kukwera mtengo kwa malo ndi mwayi wobwereketsa ndi katundu wabwino kwambiri, anayamba kubwera ku Portugal ndikugula nyumba zomwe zili pafupi ndi alendo. malo. Kufuna konseku kwachangu kwa malo, komanso kuti makampani ambiri omanga adasokonekera panthawi yamavuto osamanga chilichonse, zidapangitsa kuti msika wamalonda ukhale wokwera kwambiri kuposa mayiko otukuka a ku Europe. Chifukwa chake, nyumba yomwe idachita lendi zaka 3 zapitazo kwa ma euro 600 pamwezi tsopano ikuwonongerani ndalama zosachepera 950 mayuro ndipo izi sizikhala zomwe mukuyembekezera kupeza ndalamazi. Osanenapo za kugula, pomwe nyumba yopumira ya zipinda ziwiri (m'malingaliro athu, nyumba yazipinda zitatu) m'malo abwino akufunsa ma euro 300. Boma silikukomera izi, chifukwa adakwaniritsa izi, kotero kuti mitengo sikutsika. Anthu omwe amalandila malipiro apakati ku Lisbon a 1000 pambuyo pamisonkho sakhala okondwa, koma amalekerera ndikukhala m'midzi.
Kawirikawiri, zaka zitatu zapitazo, nditatha kuyang'ana zosankha zambiri ndikukhala poyamba m'chipinda, ndiye m'dera loipa ndi omvera onse amasangalala ngati apolisi pansi pa mawindo, nthawi zina ambulansi, ndi zina zotero, ndinapeza nyumba pafupi ndi likulu, osati kutali kwambiri ndi metro komanso malo abwino. Koma ndinali ndi mwayi.

Lisbon palokha ndi mzinda wotsutsana. Kumbali imodzi, mzindawu ndi wokongola kwambiri, wabata, womasuka kukhala ndi moyo komanso wotetezeka. Kumbali inayi, ndizodetsedwa pang'ono, zokhala ndi zolemba pamakoma, anthu ambiri othawa kwawo komanso osowa pokhala, ena mwa iwo sali abwino kwambiri.

Tsopano, kwenikweni, za IT

IT ku Portugal ikukula mwachangu komanso mopitilira. Ndiko kuti, zoyambira zatsopano pafupifupi chikwi pachaka, zina zomwe zikuyenda bwino ku Portugal komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Komanso, chaka chilichonse makampani akuluakulu amabwera ku Portugal, monga Siemens, Nokia (yemwe sadziwa, Nokia sikuti ndi mafoni a m'manja a China okha, koma mafoni, 5G, etc.), Ericsson, KPMG, Accenture, etc. ndi zina zotero. Tsopano akulankhula za Amazon ndi Google, koma sizikudziwika kuti ndi liti. Kampani iliyonse yotereyi yomwe imalemba ntchito zambiri nthawi imodzi imapatsidwa zokonda zamisonkho zabwino kwa zaka 5, ndiyeno zilizonse zomwe mungagwirizane nazo. Akatswiri a IT am'deralo ali ndi maphunziro abwino (ku Portugal, maphunziro nthawi zambiri amakhala abwino. Mwa njira, kodi aliyense amadziwa kuti Gary Potter anakopera kuchokera kwa ophunzira a Chipwitikizi a Coimbra?). Posachedwapa, osewera ang'onoang'ono, monga Mercedes, BMW, ndi zina zotero, ayamba kupanga malo awo opangira chitukuko pano. Mwambiri, pali kampani m'gawo lililonse lomwe mungakonde.

Koma hype yonseyi ndi chifukwa. Ngakhale ali ndi maphunziro abwino, Achipwitikizi safulumira kupempha malipiro aakulu, kotero ntchito zapakati ndi malipiro a 1200 euro ku Lisbon ndizofala kwambiri.
Za misonkho ndi malipiro.
Komanso, misonkho ndi yokwera kwambiri ku Portugal; ndi ndalama zokwana 30 pachaka, 34.6% idzapita ku boma. Pamene kuchuluka kwachulukirachulukira, kuchuluka kwa msonkho kumawonjezeka monyansa. Zidzawonjezeka osati kwa inu, komanso kwa abwana, omwe amalipira inshuwalansi ya anthu ndi misonkho ina kwa wogwira ntchito aliyense. Kuonjezera apo, kuwonjezereka kudzakhala konyansa kwambiri. Koma pali owerengera ochenjera osati ku Russia kokha, kotero pali ndondomeko yodutsa msonkho panonso. Tsopano pali makampani pafupifupi 200 alangizi ku Lisbon. M'malo mwake, iyi si kampani yofunsira, ndi spacer pakati panu ndi kampani yomwe mumagwira ntchito. Kampani yayikulu sidzanyenga ndi misonkho, chifukwa ndizovuta kwa kampani yayikulu, koma "gasket" yaying'ono ndiyolandiridwa. Zikuwoneka ngati izi: mumapita kukafunsa mafunso ndi kampani X, yomwe imakuuzani kuti mudzakhala ndi mgwirizano ndi kampani ya Y, yomwe imakulandirani ndalama kuchokera ku kampani X kuti ikupatseni ntchito. Ndipo mumalipidwa ndalama zochepa kuphatikiza mabonasi, malipiro a "ulendo", ndi zina. Zonsezi zimathandiza kuti aliyense akhalebe osangalala komanso osapereka misonkho yambiri, kupatula anthu wamba, omwe malipiro awo a penshoni ndi kusowa ntchito amalipidwa kuchokera pamtengo wofanana. Koma ndani amasamala? Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti pano ndipo tsopano mumapeza ndalama zambiri, ndipo amalipira misonkho yocheperapo, kotero aliyense amasangalala.

Kodi kwenikweni amalipira zingati?

Funso lovuta, koma izi ndi kuchuluka kwake. 1-2 zaka zambiri ndi chidziwitso chabwino mu Java ndi 1200 mayuro ukonde (mumapeza 14 pa chaka), 2-4 zaka zinachitikira 1300-1700 mayuro ukonde (komanso 14 pachaka), 4 kapena zaka zambiri 1700 - 2500 euros. Sindinakumanepo ndi wina aliyense. Nthawi ina, anthu amakhala ma manejala mkati mwa kampani kapena kwina ...

Nanga bwanji amene anabwera mwaunyinji?

Kawirikawiri, pamene mukufunikira kubweretsa mlendo, amabweretsa anthu a ku Brazil kapena nzika za EU, omwe ndi osavuta kuwathandiza ndi zolemba ... thana ndi. Makampani am'deralo sakugwira ntchito bwino ndi anthu osamukira kumayiko ena, koma akukhala bwino ndikuyitanitsa anthu ochokera kumayiko achitatu kuti nawonso agwire ntchito. Monga kwina kulikonse, olemba ntchito akuyenera kutsimikizira kuti simungalowe m'malo, akupatseni zikalata zambiri, zomwe zimachedwa kwambiri, ndi zina zotero, kotero kuti sangavutike ndi anthu osadziwa zambiri.
Ndiponso, vuto likhoza kubuka m’banja mwanu, ngati liripo. Vuto ndi ntchito. Ngati wina wanu wamkulu akuchokera ku ntchito ina osati IT kapena gawo lautumiki, ndiye kuti kupeza ntchito kumakhala kovuta. Nthawi zambiri, pali vuto ndi zosiyanasiyana pano. 20% ya ntchito ndi IT, mamanenjala ndi HR ku IT. 60% ndi gawo la zokopa alendo, malo odyera, malo odyera, mahotela ndipo ndizo zonse. Zina zonse ndi ntchito imodzi ya ma accountant, mainjiniya, azachuma, azandalama, aphunzitsi, ndi zina.

zoyendera

Transport ku Portugal ndi zowawa komanso chisangalalo. Kumbali imodzi, mutha kufika kumene muyenera kupita. Ngakhale magombe akutali ndi malo oyendera alendo amatumizidwa ndi zoyendera za anthu onse. Madera aku Lisbon amathandizidwa ndi mabasi, masitima apamtunda, masitima apamtunda amagetsi ndi zoyendera mitsinje. Zonsezi m'mawa, chifukwa cha mavuto otchulidwa ndi malo ogulitsa nyumba, ndithudi, ndizodzaza. Ndipo wachedwa. Palibenso amene amada nkhawa ndi kuchedwa kuntchito, ndipo chowiringula chofala kwambiri ndicho kutsekeredwa m'misewu yapamlatho, kudikirira nthawi yayitali kukwera basi, ndi zina zotero. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ngati mukufuna kuyendetsa galimoto yanu mumzinda, muyenera kuganizira katatu za komwe mungasiye galimoto yanu. Palibe malo amagalimoto ndipo mitengo ndi yokwera (mpaka ma euro 20 patsiku, kutengera madera). Kuyimitsa magalimoto m'malo oimika magalimoto amakampani nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosokoneza pakati pa antchito. Oyang'anira amalandira zokha.

Mankhwala ku Portugal

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zinganene apa, koma chinthu chachikulu ndi ichi: boma - pang'onopang'ono komanso mfulu. Mizere yokaonana ndi madokotala imakhala kwa milungu ingapo, ndipo maopaleshoni amaipitsitsa kwambiri. Payekha - mwachangu komanso osakwera mtengo kwambiri ngati muli ndi inshuwaransi. Mu 99% yamilandu, kampaniyo imakupatsirani inshuwaransi. mu 60% ya milandu idzachitanso banja lanu. Nthaŵi zina, mungadzigulire nokha kapena/kapena banja lanu ku kampani ya inshuwalansi imene kampani imene mumagwira ntchito imagwirizana nayo. (20-30 mayuro pamwezi ngati ndi ogwirizana, 30-60 ngati ndi wina aliyense). Mitengoyi ikuphatikiza zamankhwala a mano. Nthawi zambiri, kukaonana ndi inshuwaransi pachipatala chayekha kumawononga ma euro 15-20. Mayeso a magazi ndi zina zotero - 3-5-10 mayuro.

Moyo wonse

Apwitikizi amachitira bwino ma expats wamba. Ndiko kuti, ngati mulibe mwano, musataye zinyalala ndipo musamwe pansi pa mazenera, ndiye adzakuthandizani, akulangizani zoyenera kuchita, ndi zina zotero. Chipwitikizi chikhoza kuchedwa kwambiri. Kulumikiza intaneti kumatenga sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri. Ndi zophweka kuima pamzere pa sitolo kwa theka la ola pamene wina akukambirana za kubadwa kwa mdzukulu wawo ndi cashier. Koma nthawi yomweyo, mautumiki ambiri ali pa intaneti, omwe amakulolani kuchita zinthu zambiri mosavuta komanso mwachangu. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kupanga mapangano othandizira, kubweza msonkho wa ndalama, kutenga inshuwaransi, kulembetsa kampani yanu, ndi zina. Ambiri amalankhula Chingelezi chabwino. Mafilimuwo sanabwerezedwe, ma menus ali mu Chingerezi, ndi zina zotero. Nyengo ndi yabwino, mudzawona mvula ndi mlengalenga wotuwa masiku 20-30 pachaka. Pafupifupi masiku onsewa amakhazikika m'mwezi wa Epulo. Zipinda ndi nyumba zambiri zilibe zotenthetsera. Usiku kutentha ku likulu kumatha kutsika mpaka +6. Choncho, chotenthetsera ndi chofunda chofunda m'nyengo yozizira ndizofunikira. Masana m'nyengo yozizira kutentha kumachokera ku 14 mpaka 18 degrees. Dzuwa. M'chilimwe imatha kukhala yozizira komanso yabwino (+25) kapena yotentha pang'ono (+44). Kumatentha kawirikawiri, masiku 5-6 nthawi yachilimwe. Magombe oyenda theka la ola kuchokera ku Lisbon. Lonse komanso losadzaza kwambiri ngakhale kumapeto kwa sabata.

Ngati mukufuna kuphunzira Chipwitikizi, kupeza maphunziro a boma si vuto, kumene mudzaphunzitsidwa kulankhula mwanzeru ndi kumvetsa pafupifupi chirichonse chimene interlocutor amanena pa mtengo wochepa kapena kwaulere.

Pali kale nthano zokhuza maulamuliro am'deralo ndi mizere. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kulembetsa malo okhala, muyenera kulembetsa kuti mupereke zikalata miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pasadakhale. Ngati mukufuna kusintha maufulu anu, muyenera kudikirira pamzere pafupifupi maola 5-6 m'mawa:

Komanso, Portugal ili ndi mabanki otukuka. Mabanki onse amangirizidwa pamodzi ndi chingwe, kotero tsopano mukhoza kutumiza ndalama kuchokera ku foni yanu kupita ku akaunti ya munthu wina mu 2 kudina kwaulere, mukhoza kutenga ndalama kuchokera ku ATM ya banki iliyonse popanda ntchito, komanso kulipira ntchito ndi kugula. kuchokera pafoni yanu yam'manja kapena kudzera pa ATM.

Mutha kutsegula kampani yanu osapereka msonkho kwa chaka choyamba. Ngati mukufuna kupanga zoyambira, ndiye kuti adzakuthandizani pamagawo onse. Kuyambira pakutsegula kampani ndikumaliza ndikupeza ndalama, akupatsani malo mu chofungatira, ndi zina.

Mwa njira, ngati mukukhala mwalamulo m'dzikoli kwa zaka 5, popanda zosokoneza, mukhoza kufunsira nzika. Muyenera kutsimikizira kuti simunachoke kwa nthawi yayitali ndikupambana mayeso a chilankhulo cha Chipwitikizi.

Ndipo mizere ingapo yokhudzana ndi Chipwitikizi. Zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ololera komanso ochezeka mwina zimawapangitsa kukhala ololera kwa mitundu yonse ya anthu opanda pokhala, ndi zina zotero. Ndi zachilendo pamene, pakati pa mabwalo akuluakulu, odzipereka amagawira chakudya kwa osowa pokhala. Nthawi yomweyo, anthu osowa pokhala sapita kutali ndi chakudya, kotero izi ndizochitika zachilendo ku Lisbon pamene pakhomo la kampani ya mabiliyoni pali munthu wopanda pokhala atagona pawindo. Boma linakhazikitsanso lamulo loletsa masitolo akuluakulu kutaya zakudya. Tsopano chakudya chonse chiyenera kuperekedwa ku mabanki a chakudya, kuchokera kumene amagawidwa kwa osowa pokhala ndi otsika.

Kawirikawiri, Portugal ndi Lisbon makamaka ndi malo abwino kwambiri okhalamo. Simudzatopa ku Lisbon, chifukwa nthawi zonse pamakhala china chake, ndipo pamapeto a sabata pamakhala malo oti mupite kapena kupita. Nyengo ndi yabwino kwambiri, sikuzizira kapena kutentha kwambiri. Muli ku Schengen, kotero ambiri a EU ndi otseguka kwa inu. Malinga ndi chilengedwe, zonse zili bwino kwambiri pano. Palinso kuipa - malipiro ndi misonkho. Koma umo ndi momwe mumapangira zinthu.

Source: www.habr.com