Aliyense amadziwa ntchito zamtundu wa cyberpunk - mabuku atsopano, mafilimu ndi ma TV onena za dziko la dystopian laukadaulo wamtsogolo amawonekera chaka chilichonse. Komabe, cyberpunk si mtundu wokha wa zopeka zamakono zamakono. Tiyeni tiyankhule za zomwe zikuchitika mu zaluso zomwe zimapereka njira zingapo zosinthira ndikukakamiza olemba zopeka za sayansi kuti atembenukire kumitu yosayembekezeka - kuchokera ku miyambo ya anthu aku Africa kupita ku "chikhalidwe chogula".
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Kuchokera kwa Jonathan Swift mpaka (tsopano) alongo a Wachowski, zojambulajambula zakhala zikuthandiza kwambiri m'mbiri yamakono. Mitundu yongopeka yapereka mwayi womvetsetsa pamodzi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe ndi umisiri komwe kumakhudza anthu m'nthawi ya kupita patsogolo kosaletseka. Ndi kufalikira kwa makompyuta, cyberpunk ndi zotumphukira zake zidakhala zazikulu mwazinthu izi. Olembawo adafunsa mafunso okhudzana ndi zamakhalidwe mu nthawi ya IT, udindo wa anthu m'dziko lodzipangira okha, komanso kusintha kwa digito kwazinthu zaanalogi.
Koma tsopano, m'chaka cha 20th anniversary of The Matrix, kufunikira kwa cyberpunk kukufunsidwa. Zambiri mwa ntchitozi zimawoneka ngati zamphamvu kwambiri - zolosera zawo zabwino zimakhala zovuta kukhulupirira. Kuonjezera apo, maziko a cyberpunk universes nthawi zambiri amasiyana pakati pa "teknoloji yapamwamba ndi moyo wotsika" (moyo wotsika, high tech). Komabe, chochitikachi, ngakhale chitakhala chochititsa chidwi chotani, sichiri chokhacho chotheka.
Zopeka za sayansi sizimangopezeka pa cyberpunk. Posachedwapa anadutsa njira kangapo, nthambi zawo zatsopano zinawonekera, ndipo njira za niche zinalowa m'madera ambiri.
Zomwe zilipo ngati njira yopangira zam'tsogolo: mythopunk
Chikhalidwe chapadziko lonse lapansi chikhalabe cholamulira cha azungu. Koma mafuko ang'onoang'ono akupanga gawo lalikulu kwambiri la anthu ake. Chifukwa cha intaneti ndi kupita patsogolo, ambiri a iwo ali ndi mawu omwe amamveka kutali ndi diaspora. Komanso, amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazachuma padziko lonse lapansi. Akatswiri a zachikhalidwe cha anthu amaneneratu kuti chitukuko chotchedwa "European" potsirizira pake chidzataya malo ake apamwamba. Kodi chidzalowa m'malo ndi chiyani? Mythopunk, makamaka magulu ake ang'onoang'ono Afrofuturism ndi Chaohuan, amakambirana za nkhaniyi. Amatenga ngati maziko machitidwe a nthano ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu osiyana ndi omwe ali ndi mphamvu pakali pano, ndikulingalira dziko lamtsogolo lomangidwa motsatira mfundo zawo.
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Yoyamba imagwira ntchito mumtundu wa Afrofuturism Kalelo m’ma 1950, pamene woimba wa jazi Sun Ra () anayamba kuphatikiza mu ntchito yake nthano zachitukuko chakale cha ku Africa ndi kukongola kwa nthawi ya kufufuza malo. Ndipo m’zaka khumi zapitazi mkhalidwe umenewu wafalikira kwambiri kuposa kale lonse. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zochititsa chidwi za Afrofuturism yamakono "yachikulu" ndi Hollywood blockbuster "Black Panther". Kuwonjezera pa cinema ndi , mtunduwo unadziwonetsa ndi zojambulajambula - anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi izo ali ndi chinachake choti awerenge, kuwonera ndi kumvetsera.
M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, chikhalidwe cha China chakhalanso chodziwika bwino. Ndipotu m’zaka za m’ma XNUMX zokha, dzikoli linasintha zinthu ziŵiri, “chozizwitsa cha zachuma” komanso kusintha kwa chikhalidwe kopanda malire padziko lonse lapansi. Kuchokera ku dziko lachitatu ladziko lapansi, China yasanduka mphamvu ya geopolitical - kumene dzulo lokha panali nyumba zamatabwa, pali zojambulajambula, ndipo kupita patsogolo kosalekeza sikulola kuti munthu ayime ndi kumvetsa tanthauzo la njira yomwe anayenda.
Ndi kusiyana kumeneku kumene olemba nkhani zopeka za sayansi akumayesa kudzaza. Olemba a mtundu wa chaohuan (Chingerezi chaohuan, kumasuliridwa kuti "ultra-unreality") amadutsa zida za nthano zakale za sayansi kudzera mu prism of existentialism. Mutha kuyamba kuzolowerana ndi mabuku ngati amenewa ndi wopambana wa Hugo Awards, buku lakuti "» Wolemba waku China Liu Cixin. Nkhani kumeneko ikukhudza katswiri wa zakuthambo wamkazi yemwe amaitanira alendo ku Dziko Lapansi pamtunda wa Cultural Revolution ku China.
Njira iyi ikukulanso muzojambula zowoneka bwino komanso zama multimedia. Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi nkhani ya kanema "Sinofuturism" ndi wojambula wa multimedia Lawrence Lek, mtundu wa stereotypes za "XNUMXst century China" (mu kanema pamwambapa).
Zakale ngati njira yomvetsetsa zomwe zilipo: isekai ndi retrofuturism
Ntchito zamtundu wina wa mbiri yakale zikuchulukirachulukira. M'malo mongoganizira zam'tsogolo, olemba ambiri amakonda kuyambitsanso mbiri yakale. Chiwembu, nthawi ndi malo a nkhani m'mabuku otere zimasiyana, koma mfundo zina zimakhalabe zofala.
Retrofuturism imalingalira zachitukuko zina zomwe sizinayende njira ya digito ndikumanga maufumu aukadaulo pogwiritsa ntchito zida zina: kuchokera kuukadaulo wa nthunzi (steampunk wodziwika bwino) kupita ku injini za dizilo (dieselpunk) kapena ngakhale ukadaulo wazaka zamwala (stonepunk). Kukongola kwa ntchito zoterezi nthawi zambiri kumatenga malingaliro awo kuchokera ku zopeka zoyambirira za sayansi. Mabuku ngati amenewa amatilola kuunikanso ntchito ya zida za digito ndikuwonanso malingaliro athu amtsogolo.
Isekai (Chijapani kutanthauza “dziko lina”), “zongopeka zongopeka” kapena, m’Chirasha, “mabuku onena za anthu akugwa” amafunsa mafunso ofananawo akale. Zolinga izi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi "kulanda" ngwazi kuchokera zamakono ndikumuyika kudziko lina - ufumu wamatsenga, masewera apakompyuta, kapena, kachiwiri, zakale. Ndizosavuta kuwona chifukwa chake mtundu uwu watchuka kwambiri. Kuthawa ndi chikhumbo chobwerera ku "nthawi zosavuta", komwe kuli malangizo omveka bwino a zabwino ndi zoipa, zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa izi. Ngwazi zantchito za ozunzidwa amawombola zakale, kuchotsa kusamvana. Ubwino wa ntchito mu mtundu uwu - kaya makanema ojambula pamanja kapena mabuku - nthawi zambiri umakhala wofunikira. Koma popeza kuti luso limeneli ndi lotchuka, pali chifukwa chake. Mofanana ndi mabuku amitundu ina yopeka ya sayansi, mabuku amenewa amanena zambiri zokhudza nthawi yathu.
Zamakono zili ngati zakale: vaporwave
Vaporwave mwina ndi yachilendo kwambiri pamitundu. Choyamba, iye ndi wamng'ono kwambiri. Ngati zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa zakhalapo mwanjira ina kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti vaporwave ndi chinthu chazaka za zana la XNUMX. Kachiwiri, monga Afrofuturism, mtundu uwu uli ndi chiyambi cha nyimbo - ndipo tsopano wayamba "kudutsa" muzojambula zina. Chachitatu, pamene mitundu ina imatsutsa poyera anthu amakono, vaporwave sapanga ziganizo zamtengo wapatali.
Mutu wa vaporwave ndi nthawi yamakono komanso anthu ogula. M'madera amakono, ndizozoloŵera kugawa chikhalidwe kukhala "chapamwamba" ndi "chotsika". Chikhalidwe “chapamwamba” nthawi zina chimayamba chifukwa cha kudzikuza ndi kusaona mtima. Ndipo chikhalidwe chotsika—chizoloŵezi cha “kugula zinthu, kuchotsera ndalama ndi malo ogula zinthu”—chilibe zinthu zimenezi, zimene zimachititsa kuti chikhale chopanda nzeru, ndiponso “zenizeni” kwambiri. Vaporwave imayang'ana chikhalidwe "chotsika" kwambiri ichi - mwachitsanzo, imakulunga nyimbo zapasitolo ndi nyimbo za "conveyor belt" kuyambira m'ma 80s mu "chipolopolo cha zojambulajambula".
Zotsatira zake ndizodabwitsa komanso zogwirizana kwambiri. Anthu ambiri amadziwa zamtunduwu chifukwa cha ntchito ya oimba BLACK BANSHEE ndi Macintosh Plus. Koma mayendedwe ena muzojambula akuyamba kuyang'anitsitsa kukongola uku. Chifukwa chake, zaka zingapo zapitazo Netflix adatulutsa makanema ojambula mumzimu wa vaporwave wotchedwa . Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, izo ku Neo Yokio, mzinda wamtsogolo komwe omenyera ziwanda olemera amapaka tsitsi lawo lapinki ndikukambilana zovala zopanga.
Zoonadi, zopeka za sayansi zamakono sizimangolekezera ku mitundu imeneyi. Komabe, angatiuze zambiri za zokhumba zathu ndi zolinga zathu za m’tsogolo. Ndipo, monga momwe zikukhalira, sizinthu zonsezi zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zoopsa za chitukuko cha luso la makompyuta - nthawi zambiri, ngakhale pofotokoza zam'tsogolo, olemba nthano za sayansi amaika cholinga choganiziranso kapena "kuchiritsa" zakale zathu.
Source: www.habr.com