Ine ndikuwona izo , anthu ankakonda mbali ya mbiri ya nkhani yanga, choncho si tchimo kupitiriza.
Masitima othamanga kwambiri ngati TGV sadaliranso mabuleki amlengalenga
Lero tikambirana zamasiku ano, ndiye kuti, ndi njira ziti zopangira ma brake system zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, zomwe zikulowa m'zaka khumi zachitatu m'mwezi umodzi wokha.
1. Gulu la ma rolling stock brakes
Kutengera mfundo zakuthupi popanga braking mphamvu, mabuleki onse njanji akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: kukangana, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yolimbana, ndi zazikulu, pogwiritsa ntchito traction drive kuti apange torque ya braking.
Mabuleki a Friction amaphatikizanso mabuleki a nsapato amitundu yonse, kuphatikiza ma disk brakes, komanso maginito njanji ananyema, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamayendedwe othamanga kwambiri, makamaka ku Western Europe. Pa track 1520, mabuleki amtunduwu adagwiritsidwa ntchito pa sitima yamagetsi ya ER200 yokha. Ponena za Sapsan yomweyo, Russian Railways inakana kugwiritsa ntchito mabuleki a njanji, ngakhale kuti choyimira cha sitima yamagetsi iyi, ICE3 yaku Germany, ili ndi mabuleki otere.
ICE3 sitima yapamtunda yokhala ndi maginito njanji mabuleki
Sitima yapamtunda ya Sapsan
Kuti dynamic, kapena kani mabuleki a electrodynamic kuphatikizira mabuleki onse, zomwe zimatengera kusamutsidwa kwa ma traction motors kupita ku jenereta mode (oyambitsanso ΠΈ rheostat brake), komanso braking kutsutsa
Ndi mabuleki osinthika komanso a rheostatic, chilichonse chimakhala chomveka bwino - injini zimasinthidwa kukhala njira ya jenereta mwanjira ina, ndipo pochira amamasula mphamvu mu netiweki yolumikizirana, ndipo pakakhala rheostat, mphamvu yopangidwa imapangidwa. kuwotchedwa pa resistors apadera. Mabuleki onsewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'sitima zokhala ndi ma locomotive traction komanso pamagawo angapo ogudubuza, pomwe mabuleki a electrodynamic ndiye brake yayikulu, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma traction motors omwe amagawidwa m'sitima yonseyi. Choyipa chokha cha electrodynamic braking (EDB) ndikusatheka kwa braking mpaka kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu. Pamene dzuwa la EDT amachepetsa, izo basi m'malo ndi pneumatic mikangano ananyema.
Pankhani yolimbana ndi braking, imapereka braking kuti muyime, chifukwa imaphatikizapo kutembenuza injini yoyendetsa pamene ikuyenda. Komabe, mawonekedwe awa, nthawi zambiri, ndi njira yadzidzidzi - kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kwanthawi zonse kumakhala kodzaza ndi kuwonongeka kwa ma traction drive. Ngati titenga, mwachitsanzo, injini ya commutator, ndiye pamene polarity ya voteji yomwe imaperekedwa kwa izo imasintha, EMF yobwerera kumbuyo yomwe imatuluka mu injini yozungulira sichichotsedwa pamagetsi operekera koma imawonjezedwa kwa izo - mawilo onse amazungulira tembenuzani mbali yomweyo monga momwe mumakokera! Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chiwonjezeko chofanana ndi chamakono, ndipo zabwino zomwe zingachitike ndikuti zida zoteteza magetsi zizigwira ntchito.
Pazifukwa izi, pama locomotives ndi masitima apamtunda amagetsi, njira zonse zimatengedwa kuti injini zisabwerere mmbuyo pamene zikuyenda. Chogwirizira chobwerera chimatsekedwa mwamakina pomwe wowongolera ali pamalo othamanga. Ndipo pamagalimoto omwewo a Sapsan ndi Lastochka, kutembenuzira chosinthira chakumbuyo pa liwiro la 5 km / h kudzatsogolera ku braking mwachangu.
Komabe, ma locomotives ena apakhomo, mwachitsanzo, locomotive yamagetsi ya VL65, amagwiritsa ntchito ma braking reverse ngati njira yokhazikika pa liwiro lotsika.
Reverse braking ndi njira yokhazikika yolumikizira yomwe imaperekedwa ndi makina owongolera pa VL65 locomotive yamagetsi.
Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti ngakhale kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi imagwira ntchito bwino, sitima iliyonse, ndikugogomezera, imakhala ndi brake yodziwikiratu, ndiye kuti, imayendetsedwa ndi kutulutsa mpweya kuchokera pamzere wa brake. Ku Russia komanso padziko lonse lapansi, mabuleki akale akale amalimbana ndi chitetezo chamsewu.
Malingana ndi ntchito yawo, mabuleki amtundu wa friction amagawidwa
- Kuyimitsa magalimoto, manja kapena automatic
- Sitima - pneumatic (PT) kapena electro-pneumatic (EPT) mabuleki, amaikidwa pa unit iliyonse ya katundu wogubuduza m'sitimayo ndipo amawongoleredwa chapakati kuchokera ku cab ya dalaivala
- Locomotive - mabuleki a pneumatic-acting mwachindunji opangidwa kuti achedwetse locomotive popanda kuchedwetsa sitima. Amayendetsedwa mosiyana ndi masitima apamtunda.
2. Mabuleki oimika magalimoto
Buku la brake lomwe lili ndi makina oyendetsa galimoto silinazimiririke pamtengo wogubuduza; imayikidwa pa ma locomotives ndi magalimoto - idangosintha zapadera zake, ndiye kuti, idasandulika mabuleki oimika magalimoto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kuletsa kuyenda modzidzimutsa kwa kugudubuza. katundu ngati mpweya ukutuluka mu makina ake pneumatic. Gudumu lofiira, lofanana ndi gudumu la sitima yapamadzi, ndi choyendetsa chamanja, chimodzi mwa mitundu yake.
Chiwongolero cha Handbrake mu kanyumba ka VL60pk electric locomotive
Handbrake pakhonde lagalimoto yonyamula anthu
Handbrake pagalimoto yamakono yonyamula katundu
Bokosi lamanja, pogwiritsa ntchito makina oyendetsa, limakanikiza mapepala omwewo polimbana ndi mawilo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yanthawi zonse.
Pamayendedwe amakono, makamaka pamasitima apamagetsi a EVS1/EVS2 "Sapsan", ES1 "Lastochka", komanso pa locomotive yamagetsi ya EP20, mabuleki oimika magalimoto amangochitika zokha ndipo mapadi amakanikizidwa motsutsana ndi brake disc. masika mphamvu accumulators. Zina mwa njira za pincer zomwe zimakanikizira ma pads ku ma brake discs zili ndi akasupe amphamvu, amphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti kumasulidwa kumayendetsedwa ndi chibayo choyendetsa ndi 0,5 MPa. Kuthamanga kwa pneumatic, mu nkhaniyi, kumatsutsana ndi akasupe omwe amasindikiza mapepala. Brake iyi yoyimitsa magalimoto imayendetsedwa ndi mabatani pa konsoni ya dalaivala.
Mabatani owongolera ma parking spring brake (SPT) pa sitima yamagetsi ya ES1 "Lastochka"
Mapangidwe a brake iyi ndi ofanana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto amphamvu. Koma monga chachikulu ananyema pa sitima, chotero dongosolo zosayenera kwathunthu, ndipo chifukwa chiyani, ndikufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane pambuyo pa nkhani yokhudza ntchito ya mabuleki a ndege ya sitima.
3. Lori mtundu pneumatic mabuleki
Galimoto iliyonse yonyamula katundu imakhala ndi zida zotsatirazi za braking
Zida za braking zagalimoto yonyamula katundu: 1 - payipi yolumikizira ananyema; 2 - valve yomaliza; 3 - valve yoyimitsa; 5 - wosonkhanitsa fumbi; 6, 7, 9 - mpweya wogawa ma modules chikhalidwe. No. 483; 8 - valavu yotsegula; VR - wofalitsa mpweya; TM - ananyema mzere; ZR - thanki yosungirako; TC - silinda ananyema; AR - katundu auto mode
Mzere wamagalimoto (TM) - chitoliro chokhala ndi mainchesi 1,25 "akuyenda pagalimoto yonse, kumapeto kwake kuli ndi ma valve omaliza, kulumikiza chingwe cha brake pomasula galimoto musanadule ma hoses otha kulumikiza. Mu mzere ananyema, mumalowedwe yachibadwa, otchedwa chojambulira Kuthamanga ndi 0,50 - 0,54 MPa, kotero kuchotsa ma hoses popanda kutseka ma valve omalizira ndi ntchito yokayikitsa, yomwe ingathe kukulepheretsani mutu wanu.
Mpweya womwe umaperekedwa mwachindunji ku ma silinda a brake amasungidwa mkati tanki yosungira (ZR), voliyumu yomwe nthawi zambiri ndi malita 78. Kupanikizika mu reservoir ndikofanana ndendende ndi kuthamanga kwa mzere wa brake. Koma ayi, si 0,50 - 0,54 MPa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kupanikizika koteroko kudzakhala mu mzere wa brake pa locomotive. Ndipo kutalikirana ndi locomotive, kumachepetsa kuthamanga kwa mzere wa brake, chifukwa mosakayika kumakhala ndi kutayikira komwe kumabweretsa kutulutsa mpweya. Chifukwa chake kukakamiza kwa mabuleki agalimoto yomaliza m'sitimayo kudzakhala kotsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi yomwe ikuthamangitsa.
Ananyema yamphamvu, ndipo pamagalimoto ambiri pamakhala imodzi yokha, ikadzazidwa kuchokera ku tanki yocheperako, kudzera panjira yolumikizira ma brake lever imakanikiza mapepala onse agalimotoyo mpaka kumawilo. Voliyumu ya silinda ya brake ndi pafupifupi malita 8, kotero panthawi ya braking yonse, kupanikizika kosapitirira 0,4 MPa kumakhazikitsidwa mmenemo. Kupanikizika mu tanki yosungirako kumatsikanso kumtengo womwewo.
"Wosewera" wamkulu mu dongosolo lino ndi mpweya wogawa. Chipangizochi chimakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa mzere wa brake, kuchita ntchito imodzi kapena ina malinga ndi momwe akuwongolera komanso kusintha kwa kupanikizika kumeneku.
Pamene kupanikizika mu mzere wa brake kumachepa, mabuleki amapezeka. Koma osati ndi kuchepa kulikonse kwa kuthamanga - kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kuyenera kuchitika pamlingo wina, wotchedwa service braking rate. Liwiro ili likutsimikiziridwa crane ya driver mu kanyumba ka locomotive ndi ranges kuchokera 0,01 kuti 0,04 MPa pa sekondi. Pamene kuthamanga kumachepetsa pang'onopang'ono, braking sikuchitika. Izi zimachitidwa kuti mabuleki asagwire ntchito ngati pali kutayikira kwanthawi yayitali kuchokera pamzere wa brake, komanso osagwira ntchito pamene kukakamizidwa kwa overcharging kumachotsedwa, zomwe tidzakambirana pambuyo pake.
Wogawira mpweya akatsegulidwa kuti agwire braking, amapanganso kutulutsa kowonjezera kwa chingwe cha brake pamlingo wautumiki wa 0,05 MPa. Izi zimachitidwa pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti kuthamanga kwafupipafupi kutsika pautali wonse wa sitima. Ngati detente yowonjezera sikuchitika, ndiye kuti magalimoto otsiriza a sitima yayitali sangachedwe konse. Kutulutsa kowonjezera kwa mzere wa brake kumachitika onse ogawa ndege zamakono, kuphatikizapo okwera.
Mabuleki akayatsidwa, wogawa mpweya amadula chosungiracho kuchokera pamzere wa brake ndikuchilumikiza ku silinda ya brake. Silinda ya brake ikudzaza. Zimachitika ndendende malinga ngati kutsika kwamphamvu mu mzere wa brake kukupitilira. Kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa brake fluid kuyimitsa, kudzaza silinda ya brake kuyima. Ulamuliro ukubwera denga. Kupanikizika komwe kumapangidwira mu silinda ya brake kumadalira zinthu ziwiri:
- kuya kwa kutulutsa kwa mzere wa brake, ndiko kuti, kukula kwa kutsika kwapanikizi komwe kumakhudzana ndi kuthamangitsa
- air distributor mode ntchito
Wogawa mpweya wonyamula katundu ali ndi njira zitatu zogwirira ntchito: zodzaza (L), zapakati (C) ndi zopanda kanthu (E). Mitundu iyi imasiyana ndi kuthamanga kwambiri komwe kumapezeka mu masilinda a brake. Kusintha pakati pa modes kumachitika pamanja potembenuza chogwirira chapadera.
Mwachidule, kudalira kukakamizidwa mu silinda ya brake pakuya kwa kutulutsa kwa mzere wa brake ndi 483-air distributor munjira zosiyanasiyana kumawoneka chonchi.
Choyipa chogwiritsa ntchito masinthidwe amachitidwe ndikuti woyendetsa galimoto amayenera kuyenda m'sitima yonse, kukwera pansi pagalimoto iliyonse ndikusintha masinthidwewo kupita komwe akufuna. Malinga ndi mphekesera zomwe zimachokera ku opaleshoni, izi sizichitika nthawi zonse. Kudzaza kwambiri kwa ma silinda a brake pagalimoto yopanda kanthu kumadzaza ndi kutsetsereka, kuchepetsedwa kwa mabuleki komanso kuwonongeka kwa ma wheel seti. Kuti athetse vutoli pa magalimoto onyamula katundu, otchedwa otchedwa auto mode (AR), yomwe, yodziwira kuchuluka kwa galimotoyo, imayendetsa bwino kupanikizika kwakukulu mu silinda ya brake. Ngati galimotoyo ili ndi makina oyendetsa galimoto, ndiye kuti kusintha kwa mawonekedwe pa VR kumayikidwa pa malo "odzaza".
Mabuleki nthawi zambiri amachitidwa pang'onopang'ono. Mulingo wocheperako wa ma brake line discharge kwa BP483 udzakhala 0,06 - 0,08 MPa. Pankhaniyi, kupanikizika kwa 0,1 MPa kumakhazikitsidwa muzitsulo za brake. Pankhaniyi, dalaivala amayika valavu pamalo ophatikizika, momwe kupanikizika kumayikidwa pambuyo pa braking kumasungidwa mu mzere wa brake. Ngati braking dzuwa kuchokera siteji imodzi sikokwanira, siteji yotsatira ikuchitika. Pankhaniyi, wogawira mpweya samasamala kuti kukhetsa kumachitika bwanji - pamene kupanikizika kumachepa pamtundu uliwonse, ma silinda a brake amadzazidwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchepa kwa kuthamanga.
Kutulutsa kwathunthu kwa mabuleki (kutulutsa kwathunthu kwa masilindala a brake pa sitima yonseyo) kumachitidwa ndikuwonjezera kupanikizika kwa mzere wa brake pamwamba pa kuthamanga kwacharging. Kuphatikiza apo, pamasitima onyamula katundu, kupanikizika kwa TM kumachulukirachulukira kuposa momwe amathamangitsira, kotero kuti kuthamanga kowonjezereka kumafika pamagalimoto omaliza. Kumasula mabuleki kwathunthu pa sitima yapamtunda ndi ntchito yayitali ndipo ingatenge mphindi imodzi.
BP483 ili ndi mitundu iwiri ya tchuthi: lathyathyathya ndi phiri. Munjira yathyathyathya, kupanikizika kwa ma brake kumawonjezeka, kumasulidwa kwathunthu, kopanda sitepe kumachitika. M'mapiri, ndizotheka kumasula mabuleki pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ma silinda a brake samachotsedwa kwathunthu. Mchitidwewu umagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa motsatira mbiri yovuta yokhala ndi otsetsereka akulu.
Wogawa mpweya 483 nthawi zambiri ndi chipangizo chosangalatsa kwambiri. Kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane kapangidwe kake ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi mutu wankhani yayikulu yosiyana. Apa tinayang'ana pa mfundo zambiri za ntchito mabuleki katundu.
3. Mabuleki amtundu wa apaulendo
Zida za braking zagalimoto yonyamula anthu: 1 - payipi yolumikizira; 2 - valve yomaliza; 3, 5 - kulumikiza mabokosi a electro-pneumatic ananyema mzere; 4 - valve yoyimitsa; 6 - chubu ndi mawaya electro-pneumatic ananyema; 7 - kuyimitsidwa kwa insulated kwa manja olumikizira; 8 - wosonkhanitsa fumbi; 9 - kubwereketsa kwa wogawa mpweya; 10 - valavu yotsegula; 11 - chipinda chogwirira ntchito cha wogawa mpweya wamagetsi; TM - ananyema mzere; VR - wofalitsa mpweya; EVR - wogawa mpweya wamagetsi; TC - silinda ananyema; ZR - thanki yosungira
Zida zambiri zimangoyang'ana nthawi yomweyo, kuyambira pomwe pali ma valve atatu oyimitsa (imodzi m'chipinda chilichonse, ndi ina m'chipinda cha kondakitala), kutha ndi mfundo yakuti magalimoto apanyumba okhala ndi mpweya komanso mpweya. electro-pneumatic brake (EPT).
Wowerenga watcheru amazindikira nthawi yomweyo chovuta chachikulu cha kuwongolera ma brake - liwiro lomaliza la kufalikira kwa mafunde a braking, ochepera pamwamba ndi liwiro la mawu. Pochita, liwiro ili ndi lotsika ndipo limakhala 280 m / s panthawi ya braking, ndi 300 m / s panthawi yoyendetsa mwadzidzidzi. Kuonjezera apo, liwiro ili limadalira kwambiri kutentha kwa mpweya komanso m'nyengo yozizira, mwachitsanzo, ndilotsika. Chifukwa chake, bwenzi lamuyaya la mabuleki a pneumatic ndi kusalinganika kwa ntchito yawo pakulemba.
Opaleshoni yosagwirizana imatsogolera ku zinthu ziwiri - kupezeka kwa zochitika zazikulu zotalikirapo mu sitimayi, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mtunda wa braking. Yoyamba siili yofanana ndi masitima apamtunda, ngakhale zotengera zokhala ndi tiyi ndi zakumwa zina zomwe zikudumpha patebulo m'chipindamo sizingasangalatse aliyense. Kuchulukitsa mtunda wa braking ndi vuto lalikulu, makamaka pamagalimoto okwera.
Komanso, zoweta zoweta mpweya wogawa ali ngati muyezo wakale. No. 292, ndi chikhalidwe chatsopano. No. 242 (omwe, mwa njira, pali ochulukirachulukira mu zombo za magalimoto onyamula anthu), zipangizo zonsezi ndi mbadwa mwachindunji Westinghouse valavu katatu, ndipo ntchito pa kusiyana pakati pa mavuto awiri - mu mzere wa brake ndi malo osungira. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi valavu katatu ndi kukhalapo kwa njira yophatikizira, ndiko kuti, kuthekera kopondapo braking; kukhalapo kwa kutulutsa kowonjezera kwa mzere wa brake panthawi ya braking; kukhalapo kwa accelerator yadzidzidzi pamapangidwe. Ogawa mpweya awa samapereka kumasulidwa kwapang'onopang'ono - nthawi yomweyo amapereka kumasulidwa kwathunthu mwamsanga pamene kupanikizika kwa mzere wa brake kupitirira kupanikizika mu nkhokwe yosungiramo madzi yomwe inakhazikitsidwa pamenepo pambuyo pa braking. Ndipo kumasulidwa kwapang'onopang'ono kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri posintha ma braking kuti muyime molondola papulatifomu.
Mavuto onsewa - kugwira ntchito mosagwirizana kwa mabuleki ndi kusowa kwa masitepe, panjanji ya 1520 mm amathetsedwa ndikuyika makina owongolera mpweya pamagalimoto - magetsi mpweya wogawa (EVR), ndi. No. 305.
Domestic EPT - electro-pneumatic brake - yochita molunjika, osati yokha. Pa masitima apamtunda okhala ndi ma locomotive traction, EPT imagwira ntchito pamawaya awiri.
Chojambula chotchinga cha EPT yamawaya awiri: 1 - wowongolera pa crane ya dalaivala; 2 - batire; 3 - static mphamvu converter; 4 - gulu la nyali zowongolera; 5 - gawo lowongolera; 6 - chipika chotsiriza; 7 - kulumikiza mitu pamanja; 8 - akutali kuyimitsidwa; 9 - valavu ya semiconductor; 10 - kutulutsa valavu yamagetsi; 11 - ananyema solenoid valavu.
Pali mawaya awiri otambasulidwa m'sitima yonseyi: No. 1 ndi No. 2 pachithunzichi. Pagalimoto yamchira, mawayawa amalumikizidwa ndi magetsi wina ndi mnzake ndipo njira yosinthira yomwe ili ndi ma frequency a 625 Hz imadutsa pamzere wotsatira. Izi zimachitika kuti ziwone kukhulupirika kwa mzere wowongolera wa EPT. Ngati waya wathyoka, dera losinthana lathyoka, dalaivala amalandira chizindikiro ngati nyali yochenjeza ya "O" (tchuthi) ikutuluka mu cab.
Kuwongolera kumayendetsedwa ndi polarity mwachindunji. Pankhaniyi, waya wokhala ndi zero ndi njanji. Pamene mpweya wabwino (wogwirizana ndi njanji) umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa waya wa EPT, ma valve onse a electromagnetic omwe amaikidwa mu mpweya wogawira magetsi amatsegulidwa: valve yotulutsa (OV) ndi brake valve (TV). Woyamba wa iwo amalekanitsa chipinda chogwirira ntchito (WC) cha wogawira mpweya wamagetsi kuchokera mumlengalenga, chachiwiri chimadzaza ndi thanki yosungira. Kenako, chosinthira choponderezedwa chomwe chimayikidwa mu EVR chimayamba kugwira ntchito, chikugwira ntchito pakusintha kwamakanikizidwe m'chipinda chogwirira ntchito ndi silinda ya brake. Pamene kuthamanga kwa RC kupitirira kupanikizika kwa TC, yotsirizirayi imadzazidwa ndi mpweya kuchokera ku thanki yosungiramo katundu, mpaka kupanikizika komwe kunasonkhanitsidwa m'chipinda chogwirira ntchito.
Pamene mphamvu yolakwika ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa waya, valavu ya brake imazimitsidwa, popeza mphamvu yake imadulidwa ndi diode. Valve yokha yotulutsa, yomwe imasungabe kupanikizika m'chipinda chogwirira ntchito, imakhalabe yogwira ntchito. Umu ndi momwe malo a denga amachitikira.
Mphamvu ikachotsedwa, valavu yotulutsa imataya mphamvu ndikutsegula chipinda chogwirira ntchito kumlengalenga. Pamene kupanikizika mu chipinda chogwirira ntchito kumachepa, chosinthira chopondera chimatulutsa mpweya kuchokera ku ma cylinders. Ngati, pambuyo pa tchuthi lalifupi, valavu ya dalaivala imabwezeretsedwa pamalo otsekedwa, kutsika kwapakati mu chipinda chogwirira ntchito kudzayima, ndipo kumasulidwa kwa mpweya kuchokera ku silinda ya brake kudzayimanso. Mwa njira iyi, kuthekera kwa stepwise brake kumasulidwa kumatheka.
Chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati waya waduka? Ndiko kulondola - EPT imasulidwa. Chifukwa chake, mabuleki awa (omwe amagubuduza m'nyumba) sikuti amangochitika zokha. Ngati EPT ikulephera, dalaivala ali ndi mwayi wosinthira ku control pneumatic brake control.
EPT imadziwika ndi kudzaza nthawi imodzi kwa masilindala a brake ndi kukhetsa kwake m'sitima yonse. Mlingo wa kudzaza ndi kukhetsa ndi wokwera kwambiri - 0,1 MPa pamphindikati. EPT ndi brake yosatha, popeza pakugwira ntchito kwake, wogawa mpweya wamba ali munjira yotulutsa ndikudyetsa zosungirako kuchokera pamzere wa brake, womwe umadyetsedwa ndi mpopi wa dalaivala pa locomotive kuchokera kumalo osungira. Chifukwa chake, EPT imatha kuthyoledwa nthawi iliyonse yofunikira pakuwongolera mabuleki. Kuthekera kwa kumasulidwa kwa sitepe kumakupatsani mwayi wowongolera liwiro la sitimayo molondola komanso bwino.
Kuwongolera mpweya kwa mabuleki a sitima yapamtunda sikusiyana kwambiri ndi mabuleki onyamula katundu. Pali kusiyana kwa njira zowongolera, mwachitsanzo, kuphulika kwa mpweya kumatulutsidwa kukakamiza kuthamanga, popanda kupitirira. Nthawi zambiri, kupitilira muyeso wa kupanikizika kwambiri mu mzere wonyezimira wa sitima yonyamula anthu kumakhala ndi zovuta, chifukwa chake, EPT ikatulutsidwa kwathunthu, kupanikizika mumzere wa brake kumachulukitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa 0,02 MPa kuposa mtengo wa charger. kupanikizika.
Kuzama kocheperako kwa zitsulo zolemera kwambiri pakubowola pa brake yokwera ndi 0,04 - 0,05 MPa, pomwe kupanikizika kwa 0,1 - 0,15 MPa kumapangidwa mu masilindala opumira. Kuthamanga kwakukulu mu silinda ya brake ya galimoto yonyamula anthu kumakhala kochepa ndi voliyumu ya thanki yosungirako ndipo nthawi zambiri sikudutsa 0,4 MPa.
Pomaliza
Tsopano nditembenukira kwa ena ndemanga omwe amadabwa (ndipo m'malingaliro anga, ngakhale okwiya, koma sindingathe kunena) ndi zovuta za sitima yapamtunda. Ndemangazo zikuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito dera lamagalimoto okhala ndi mabatire osungira mphamvu. Zoonadi, kuchokera pa sofa kapena pampando wa makompyuta mu ofesi, kupyolera pawindo la osatsegula, mavuto ambiri amawonekera kwambiri ndipo mayankho awo amawonekera, koma ndiloleni ndizindikire kuti zisankho zambiri zamakono zomwe zimapangidwa m'dziko lenileni zimakhala ndi zifukwa zomveka.
Monga tanenera kale, vuto lalikulu la pneumatic brake pa sitima yapamtunda ndi liwiro lomaliza la kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga kwamtunda wautali (mpaka 1,5 km mu sitima ya magalimoto 100) chitoliro cha brake line - brake wave. Kuti mufulumizitse mafunde a braking awa, kutulutsa kowonjezera kumafunika ndi wogawa mpweya. Sipadzakhala wogawa mpweya, ndipo sipadzakhalanso zotulutsa zina. Ndiko kuti, mabuleki pa ma accumulators mphamvu mwachiwonekere adzakhala oipitsitsa kwambiri ponena za kufanana kwa ntchito, kutitengera ife ku nthawi ya Westinghouse. Sitima yonyamula katundu si galimoto, pali masikelo osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake pali mfundo zosiyanasiyana zowongolera mabuleki. Ndine wotsimikiza kuti izi siziri choncho, ndipo sizinangochitika mwangozi kuti chitsogozo cha sayansi ya braking padziko lonse chatsatira njira yomwe inatifikitsa ku zomangamanga. Dothi.
Nkhaniyi ndi mtundu wowunikiranso ma braking systems omwe alipo pazitsulo zamakono. Komanso, mβnkhani zina za mpambo uno, ndifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mwatsatanetsatane. Tidzaphunzira zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa mabuleki komanso momwe ogawa mpweya amapangidwira. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane nkhani za regenerative ndi rheostatic braking. Ndipo ndithudi, tiyeni tiganizire mabuleki a magalimoto othamanga kwambiri. Tikuwonaninso ndipo zikomo chifukwa cha chidwi chanu!
PS: Anzanga! Ndikufuna kuthokoza mwapadera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mauthenga aumwini omwe amasonyeza zolakwika ndi typos m'nkhaniyi. Inde, ndine wochimwa yemwe si wochezeka ndi chilankhulo cha Chirasha ndipo amasokonezeka pa makiyi. Ndayesera kukonza ndemanga zanu.
Source: www.habr.com