Yakwana nthawi yoti tikambirane za zida zomwe zimapangidwira kuwongolera mabuleki. Zipangizozi zimatchedwa "mapopu," ngakhale kuti chisinthiko chakhala chitalikirana ndi matepi odziwika tsiku ndi tsiku, kuwasandutsa kukhala zida zovuta kwambiri za pneumatic automation.

Vavu yabwino yakale ya spool 394 imagwiritsidwabe ntchito pogubuduza

1. Ma cranes a opareta - chidule chachidule

Chofunika

Vavu yoyendetsa sitima - chipangizo (kapena zida) zomwe zimapangidwira kuwongolera kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwamphamvu mu mzere wa brake

Makoloko amasitima apamtunda omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito atha kugawidwa kukhala zida zowongolera molunjika ndi zida zowongolera zakutali.

Zipangizo zowongolera mwachindunji ndi zamtundu wamtunduwu, zomwe zimayikidwa pamasitima ambiri, masitima apamtunda angapo, komanso masitima oyenda ndi zolinga zapadera (magalimoto osiyanasiyana amsewu, masitima apamtunda, ndi zina zambiri.) No. 394 ndi conv. No. 395. Yoyamba ya iwo, yomwe ikuwonetsedwa pa KDPV, imayikidwa pamasitima onyamula katundu, yachiwiri - pamasitima apamtunda.

M'lingaliro la pneumatic, ma cranes awa samasiyana konse. Ndiko kuti, mofanana mwamtheradi. Valavu ya 395 yomwe ili kumtunda ili ndi, yoponyedwa pamodzi ndi iyo, bwana wokhala ndi mabowo awiri, kumene "can" ya electro-pneumatic controller brake controller imayikidwa.

Crane ya 395th ya Opareta m'malo ake achilengedwe


Zidazi nthawi zambiri zimapakidwa utoto wofiira kwambiri, zomwe zimasonyeza kufunikira kwake komanso chidwi chapadera chomwe chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa iwo ndi onse ogwira ntchito m'sitimayi komanso akatswiri aluso omwe akuyendetsa sitimayo. Chikumbutso china choti mabuleki a sitima ndi chilichonse.

Mapaipi operekera (PM) ndi mzere wa brake (TM) amalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi zida izi ndipo, potembenuza chogwirira, kuyenda kwa mpweya kumayendetsedwa mwachindunji.

M'magalasi olamuliridwa akutali, si crane yokha yomwe imayikidwa pa dalaivala ya dalaivala, koma chotchedwa control control, chomwe chimatumiza malamulo kudzera pa mawonekedwe a digito kupita ku gulu lapadera lamagetsi lamagetsi, lomwe limayikidwa mu chipinda cha injini. locomotive. Zodzigudubuza zapakhomo zimagwiritsa ntchito crane yotalika ya dalaivala. No. 130, yomwe yakhala ikuyamba kugubuduza kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mkhalidwe wowongolera crane. No. 130 pagawo lowongolera la locomotive yamagetsi EP20 (kumanja, pafupi ndi gulu loyesa kuthamanga)


Pneumatic panel mu chipinda cha injini ya locomotive magetsi EP20


N’cifukwa ciani zinacitika conco? Kuti, kuwonjezera pa kuwongolera pamanja mabuleki, pali kuthekera kokhazikika kodziwongolera, mwachitsanzo kuchokera pa chiwongolero cha sitima yapamtunda. Pa ma locomotives okhala ndi crane ya 394/395, izi zidafunika kuyika cholumikizira chapadera pa crane. Monga momwe adakonzera, crane ya 130 imaphatikizidwa mumayendedwe owongolera masitima kudzera pa basi ya CAN, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamayendedwe apanyumba.

N'chifukwa chiyani ndinatcha chipangizochi kupirira? Chifukwa ndidakhala mboni yowonekera koyamba pamitengo yotsika. Zida zoterezi zinayikidwa pazinambala zoyamba za magalimoto atsopano amagetsi aku Russia: 2ES5K-001 Ermak, 2ES4K-001 Donchak ndi EP2K-001.

Mu 2007, ndidachita nawo mayeso a certification a 2ES4K-001 locomotive yamagetsi. Crane ya 130 idayikidwa pamakina awa. Komabe, ngakhale pamenepo panali kulankhula za kudalirika ake otsika, Komanso chozizwitsa cha teknoloji chikhoza kumasula mabuleki okha. Choncho, posakhalitsa anasiya ndipo "Ermaki", "Donchak" ndi EP2K anayamba kupanga ndi 394 ndi 395 cranes. Kupita patsogolo kunachedwetsedwa mpaka chipangizo chatsopanocho chinamalizidwa. Crane iyi idabwerera ku ma locomotives a Novocherkassk kokha ndikuyamba kupanga EP20 locomotive yamagetsi mu 2011. Koma "Ermaki", "Donchak" ndi EP2K sanalandire mtundu watsopano wa crane iyi. EP2K-001, mwa njira, ndi crane ya 130, tsopano ikuwola pamalo osungiramo zinthu, monga ndaphunzira posachedwa kuchokera pa kanema wa fani ya njanji yomwe inasiyidwa.

Komabe, ogwira ntchito njanji alibe chidaliro chonse mu dongosolo wotere, kotero ma locomotives okonzeka ndi valavu 130 alinso okonzeka ndi valavu zosunga zobwezeretsera, amene amalola, mu mode chosavuta, mwachindunji kulamulira kuthamanga ananyema.

Chosungira chowongolera ma brake mu kanyumba ka EP20


Chida chachiwiri chowongolera chimayikidwanso pama locomotives - valavu yothandizira brake (KVT), yopangidwa kuti izitha kuwongolera mabuleki a locomotive, mosasamala kanthu za mabuleki a sitimayo. Izi ziri, kumanzere kwa njanji ya sitima

Chothandizira cha valve ya brake. No. 254


Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa valavu yothandizira ma brake yapamwamba, chikhalidwe. No. 254. Idaikidwabe m’malo ambiri, ponse paŵiri pamasitima apamtunda ndi onyamula katundu. Mosiyana ndi mabuleki a ngolo, masilinda a mabuleki pa locomotive palibe samadzazidwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku tanki yosungira. Ngakhale zonse zosungiramo tanki ndi zogawa mpweya zimayikidwa pa locomotive. Kawirikawiri, dera lophwanyika la locomotive ndilovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chakuti pali ma silinda ochulukirapo pa locomotive. Voliyumu yawo yonse ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa malita 8, kotero sikungatheke kuwadzaza kuchokera ku tanki yopuma mpaka kukakamiza kwa 0,4 MPa - ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa thanki yopuma, ndipo izi zidzakulitsa nthawi yolipira poyerekeza. ku zipangizo zodzaza galimoto.

Pa locomotive, ma TC amadzazidwa kuchokera kumalo osungiramo madzi akuluakulu, mwina kudzera mu valve yothandizira, kapena kupyolera muzitsulo zopopera, zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi wogawa mpweya woyendetsedwa ndi valavu ya sitima ya dalaivala.

Crane 254 ili ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe amatha kugwira ntchito ngati chosinthira chokakamiza, kulola kumasulidwa (pamagawo!) kwa mabuleki a locomotive pamene sitimayo yathyoledwa. Chiwembuchi chimatchedwa dera losinthira pa KVT ngati chobwerezabwereza ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamayendedwe onyamula katundu.

Valavu yothandizira ma brake imagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yosuntha ya locomotive, komanso kuteteza sitimayi ikayima komanso poyimitsa magalimoto. Sitimayi ikangoyima, valavuyi imayikidwa pamalo omalizira kwambiri, ndipo mabuleki a sitimayo amamasulidwa. Mabuleki a Locomotive amatha kugwira locomotive ndi sitima pamtunda wokwera kwambiri.

Pa ma locomotive amakono amagetsi, monga EP20, ma KVT ena amaikidwa, mwachitsanzo conv. No. 224

Chothandizira cha valve ya brake. No. 224 (kumanja pa gulu lapadera)

2. Mapangidwe ndi mfundo ya ntchito ya dalaivala wa crane cond. No. 394/395

Kotero, ngwazi yathu ndi yakale, yotsimikiziridwa ndi nthawi ndi makilomita mamiliyoni a maulendo, crane 394 (ndi 395, koma ndizofanana, kotero ine ndilankhula za chimodzi mwa zipangizo, kukumbukira chachiwiri). Chifukwa chiyani izi osati 130 yamakono? Choyamba, bomba la 394 ndilofala kwambiri masiku ano. Ndipo chachiwiri, crane 130, kapena m'malo ake pneumatic gulu, n'zofanana mfundo zakale 394.

Madalaivala a crane conv. No. 394: 1 - maziko a shank ya valve yotulutsa mpweya; 2 - m'munsi thupi; 3 - kusindikiza kolala; 4 - masika; 5 - valavu yotulutsa mpweya; 6 - bushing ndi mpando utsi valavu; 7 - pistoni yofanana; 8 - kusindikiza mphira wa rabara; 9 - mphete yamkuwa yosindikiza; 10 - thupi lapakati gawo; 11 - thupi la kumtunda; 12 - spool; 13 - chogwirira ntchito; 14 - loko yogwirira ntchito; 15 - mtedza; 16 - clamping screw; 17 - ndodo; 18 - kasupe wa spool; 19 - wochapira kuthamanga; 20 - kukwera zipilala; 21 - pini yotseka; 22 - fyuluta; 23 - kasupe wa valve; 24 - valve yoperekera; 25 - bushing ndi mpando wa valavu yoperekera; 26 - diaphragm ya gearbox; 30 - gearbox kusintha kasupe; 31 - chikho chosinthira gearbox


Kodi mumakonda motani? Chida chachikulu. Chipangizochi chimakhala ndi gawo lapamwamba (spool), gawo lapakati (pakati), gawo lapansi (equalizer), stabilizer ndi gearbox. Bokosi la gear likuwonetsedwa pansi pomwe pachithunzichi, ndikuwonetsa stabilizer padera

Madalaivala a crane stabilizer chikhalidwe. No. 394: 1 - pulagi; 2 - kasupe wa valve, 3 - valve yotsekemera; 4 - mpando wa valve; 5 - dzenje calibrated ndi awiri a 0,45 mm; 6 - diaphragm; 7 - stabilizer thupi; 8 - kutsindika; 10 - kusintha kasupe; 11 - kukonza galasi.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito faucet imayikidwa ndi kutembenuza chogwirira, chomwe chimazungulira spool, yomwe imakhala yolimba kwambiri (ndi mafuta odzola bwino!) Pali magawo asanu ndi awiri, omwe nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa ndi manambala achi Roma

• I - tchuthi ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi
• II - sitima
• III - kuphatikiza popanda kupereka kutayikira mu mzere wa brake
• IV - kuphatikizika ndi kutulutsa kwa kutayikira kuchokera ku mzere wa brake
• Va - pang'onopang'ono braking
• V - braking pa liwiro la utumiki
• VI - kuthamanga mwadzidzidzi

Mumayendedwe, magombe ndi magalimoto, ngati palibe chifukwa choyendetsa mabuleki a sitima, chogwirira cha crane chimayikidwa pamalo achiwiri. sitima udindo.

Chitsulo ndi galasi la spool zimakhala ndi ngalande ndi mabowo ovomerezeka omwe, malingana ndi malo a chogwirira, mpweya umayenda kuchokera ku mbali imodzi ya chipangizo kupita ku ina. Izi ndi zomwe spool ndi galasi lake zimawonekera

Kuphatikiza apo, crane ya dalaivala 394 imalumikizidwa ndi zomwe zimatchedwa thanki yowonjezera (UR) ndi voliyumu ya malita 20. Chosungira ichi ndi chowongolera kuthamanga mu mzere wa brake (TM). Kuthamanga komwe kumayikidwa mu thanki yofananira kudzasungidwa ndi gawo lofanana la mpopi wa dalaivala ndi mzere wonyezimira (kupatulapo malo I, III ndi VI a chogwirira).

Zopanikizika zomwe zili m'malo osungiramo madzi ndi mzere wa brake zimawonetsedwa pamagetsi owongolera omwe amayikidwa pagulu la zida, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi valavu yoyendetsa. Kaŵirikaŵiri kaŵirikaŵiri kaŵirikaŵiri kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo ichi

Muvi wofiyira umasonyeza kupanikizika mu mzere wa brake, muvi wakuda umasonyeza kupanikizika mu thanki yowonongeka


Kotero, pamene crane ili mu malo a sitima, otchedwa kuthamanga kuthamanga. Kwa masitima apamtunda angapo komanso masitima apamtunda okhala ndi ma locomotive traction, mtengo wake nthawi zambiri umakhala 0,48 - 0,50 MPa, wamasitima apamtunda 0,50 - 0,52 MPa. Koma nthawi zambiri ndi 0,50 MPa, kuthamanga komweko kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Sapsan ndi Lastochka.

Zida zomwe zimasunga kuthamanga kwa UR ndi zochepetsera ndi crane stabilizer, zomwe zimagwira ntchito mosadalirana. Kodi stabilizer imachita chiyani? Imatulutsa mpweya mosalekeza kuchokera ku thanki yofananira kudzera mu dzenje lokhala ndi mainchesi a 0,45 mm m'thupi lake. Nthawi zonse, popanda kusokoneza ndondomekoyi kwa mphindi. Kutulutsidwa kwa mpweya kudzera mu stabilizer kumachitika pamlingo wokhazikika, womwe umasungidwa ndi valavu yothamanga mkati mwa stabilizer - kutsika kwapakati mu thanki yofananira, m'pamenenso valavu yotsekemera imatsegula pang'ono. Mlingo uwu ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa braking service, ndipo ukhoza kusinthidwa potembenuza kapu yosinthira pathupi la stabilizer. Izi zimachitidwa kuti zithetse mu thanki yowonjezera supercharger (ndiko kuti, kuchulutsa) kuthamanga.

Ngati mpweya wochokera ku thanki yofanana nthawi zonse umadutsa mu stabilizer, ndiye posachedwa zonse zidzachoka? Ndikanachoka, koma gearbox sinandilole. Pamene kuthamanga kwa UR kutsika pansi pa mlingo wothamangitsira, valavu ya chakudya mu chochepetsera imatsegulidwa, kulumikiza thanki yofanana ndi chingwe choperekera, ndikubwezeretsanso mpweya. Chifukwa chake, mu thanki yofananira, pagawo lachiwiri la chogwirira cha valve, kupanikizika kwa 0,5 MPa kumasungidwa nthawi zonse.

Njirayi ikuwonetsedwa bwino ndi chithunzichi

Zochita za crane ya dalaivala mu II (sitima) malo: GR - thanki yaikulu; TM - ananyema mzere; UR - thanki yowonjezera; Pa - atmosphere


Nanga bwanji chingwe cha brake? Kupsyinjika mmenemo kumakhala kofanana ndi kuthamanga mu thanki yofananira pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lofanana la valavu, lomwe lili ndi pistoni yofanana (pakatikati pa chithunzi), valavu yoperekera ndi kutuluka, yoyendetsedwa ndi pisitoni. Mphuno yomwe ili pamwamba pa pisitoni imalumikizana ndi thanki yopangira opaleshoni (dera lachikasu) ndi pansi pa pistoni yokhala ndi brake line (dera lofiira). Pamene kuthamanga kwa UR kumawonjezeka, pisitoni imatsika pansi, kulumikiza chingwe cha brake ndi chingwe choperekera, kuchititsa kuwonjezeka kwa kupanikizika komweko mpaka kuthamanga kwa TM ndi kuthamanga kwa UR kukhala kofanana.

Pamene kupanikizika mu nkhokwe yofananira kumachepa, pisitoni imayenda m'mwamba, ndikutsegula valavu yotulutsa mpweya, yomwe mpweya wochokera pamzere wa brake umathawira mumlengalenga, mpaka, kachiwiri, pamene zokakamiza pamwamba ndi pansi pa pistoni zimafanana.

Choncho, pamalo a sitimayi, kupanikizika mu mzere wa brake kumasungidwa mofanana ndi kuthamanga kwa galimoto. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kutuluka kwa izo kumadyetsedwanso, chifukwa, ndipo nthawi zonse ndimalankhula za izi, pali zotulukapo ndipo nthawi zonse zimatulukamo. Kupanikizika komweko kumakhazikitsidwa m'matanki osungira a magalimoto ndi locomotive, ndipo kutayikira kumatsitsidwanso.

Kuti atsegule mabuleki, dalaivala amayika chogwirira cha crane pamalo a V - kuthamanga pa liwiro lautumiki. Pankhaniyi, mpweya umatulutsidwa kuchokera ku thanki yofananira kudzera mu dzenje lokhazikika, kuonetsetsa kuti kuthamanga kwatsika kwa 0,01 - 0,04 MPa pamphindikati. Njirayi imayang'aniridwa ndi dalaivala pogwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira a tank othamanga. Pamene chogwirira cha valve chili pamalo V, mpweya umachoka mu thanki yofanana. Pistoni yofananira imayatsidwa, kuwuka ndikutsegula valavu yotulutsa, kutsitsa kupanikizika kuchokera pamzere wa brake.

Kuti aletse njira yotulutsa mpweya kuchokera ku thanki yofananira, woyendetsa amayika chogwirira cha valve pamalo ophatikizika - III kapena IV. Njira yotulutsira mpweya kuchokera ku thanki yofanana, ndipo chifukwa chake kuchokera pamzere wa brake, imayima. Umu ndi momwe ntchito braking siteji ikuchitika. Ngati mabuleki sakugwira ntchito mokwanira, sitepe ina ikuchitika; chifukwa cha izi, chogwirira cha crane cha woyendetsa chimasunthidwanso kuti chikhale V.

Pabwinobwino ovomerezeka Pamene braking, kuya pazipita kukhetsa kwa mzere ananyema si upambana 0,15 MPa. Chifukwa chiyani? Choyamba, palibe chifukwa kutulutsa mozama - chifukwa cha chiŵerengero cha voliyumu ya thanki Reserve ndi yamphamvu ananyema (BC) pa magalimoto, kuthamanga oposa 0,4 MPa si kumanga mu BC. Ndipo kutulutsa kwa 0,15 MPa kumangofanana ndi kukakamiza kwa 0,4 MPa muzitsulo zopumira. Kachiwiri, ndizowopsa kutulutsa mozama - ndi kutsika pang'ono mu mzere wa brake, nthawi yolipirira zosungirako idzawonjezeka pamene brake imatulutsidwa, chifukwa amayimbidwa ndendende kuchokera pamzere wa brake. Ndiko kuti, zochita zotere zimadzaza ndi kutopa kwa brake.

Wowerenga mwachidwi adzafunsa - pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa denga pamaudindo III ndi IV?

Pamalo IV, valavu ya valve imakwirira mabowo onse pagalasi. Chotsitsa sichimadyetsa thanki yofananira ndipo kupanikizika komwe kuli mkati mwake kumakhala kokhazikika, chifukwa kutulutsa kwa UR ndikochepa kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, pisitoni yofananira ikupitilizabe kugwira ntchito, ndikubwezeretsanso kutayikira kuchokera pamzere wobowoka, ndikusunga momwemo kukakamiza komwe kunakhazikitsidwa m'malo ofananirako pambuyo pa braking yomaliza. Chifukwa chake, dongosololi limatchedwa "kupiringizana ndi kutulutsa kutayikira kuchokera ku mzere wa brake"

Pamalo III, valavu spool amalankhulana wina ndi mzake mphako pamwamba ndi pansi pa pisitoni yofanana, yomwe imalepheretsa kugwira ntchito kwa thupi lofanana - kupanikizika m'mabowo onse awiri kumatsika nthawi imodzi pa mlingo wa kutayikira. Kutayikira uku sikumaperekedwanso ndi equator. Chifukwa chake, malo achitatu a valavu amatchedwa "kupiringizana popanda kutulutsa kutulutsa kuchokera pamzere wa brake"

Chifukwa chiyani pali magawo awiri otere ndipo ndi mtundu wanji wophatikizika womwe dalaivala amagwiritsa ntchito? Onse, malinga ndi mmene zinthu zilili ndi mtundu wa utumiki wa locomotive.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mabuleki okwera, malinga ndi malangizo, dalaivala amayenera kuyika valavu pamalo atatu (padenga lopanda mphamvu) pamilandu iyi:

• Potsatira chizindikiro choletsa
• Pamene kulamulira EPT pambuyo gawo loyamba la ulamuliro braking
• Potsika potsetsereka kapena mpaka kumapeto

Muzochitika zonsezi, kutulutsa mabuleki modzidzimutsa sikuloledwa. Zingachitike bwanji? Inde, ndizosavuta - ogawa mpweya onyamula anthu amagwira ntchito pa kusiyana pakati pa zovuta ziwiri - pamzere wa brake ndi posungira. Pamene kupanikizika mu mzere wa brake kumawonjezeka, mabuleki amamasulidwa kwathunthu.

Tsopano tiyeni tiyerekeze kuti tidaphwanya ndikuyiyika pamalo a IV, pomwe valavu ikudya imatuluka kuchokera pamzere wa brake. Ndipo panthawiyi chitsiru china mu khonde chimatsegula pang'ono ndikutseka valavu yoyimitsa - scoundrel akusewera mozungulira. Valavu ya dalaivala imatenga kutayikira uku, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa mzere wa brake, ndipo wogawa mpweya wonyamula anthu, akumva izi, amapereka kumasulidwa kwathunthu.

Pamagalimoto onyamula katundu, malo a IV amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka - katundu wa VR samakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa kukakamizidwa kwa TM ndipo amamasulidwa kwambiri. Position III imayikidwa pokhapokha ngati pali kukayikira kwa kutayikira kosavomerezeka mu mzere wa brake.

Kodi mabuleki amamasulidwa bwanji? Kuti amasulidwe kwathunthu, chogwirira cha wogwiritsa ntchito chimayikidwa pamalo I - kumasulidwa ndi kulipiritsa. Pankhaniyi, thanki yofananira ndi mzere wa brake imalumikizidwa mwachindunji ku mzere wa chakudya. Kudzazidwa kokha kwa thanki yofananira kumachitika kudzera pa dzenje lokhazikika, mwachangu koma mopanda malire, kukulolani kuti muzitha kuwongolera kupanikizika pogwiritsa ntchito choyezera champhamvu. Ndipo mzere wonyezimira umadzazidwa kudzera mumsewu wokulirapo, kotero kuti kukakamiza kumeneko nthawi yomweyo kumadumphira ku 0,7 - 0,9 MPa (malingana ndi kutalika kwa sitimayo) ndikukhalabe pamenepo mpaka chogwirira cha valve chiyikidwa pamalo achiwiri. Ndichoncho chifukwa chiyani?

Izi zimachitidwa pofuna kukankhira mpweya wochuluka mu mzere wa brake, kuonjezera kwambiri kupanikizika mkati mwake, zomwe zidzalola kuti mafunde otulutsidwa atsimikizidwe kuti afike pagalimoto yomaliza. Izi zimatchedwa pulse supercharging. Zimakupatsani mwayi kuti nonse mufulumizitse tchuthi chokha ndikuwonetsetsa kuti matanki opuma akuthamangitsa mwachangu m'sitima yonseyi.

Kudzaza thanki yofananira pamlingo womwe wapatsidwa kumakupatsani mwayi wowongolera njira yoperekera. Pamene kupsyinjika kwake kukufika pa kuthamangitsidwa (m'sitima zonyamula anthu) kapena ndi kuyerekezera kwina, malingana ndi kutalika kwa sitimayo (pa masitima apamtunda), chogwirira cha mpopi cha dalaivala chimayikidwa pamalo achiwiri. The stabilizer kumathetsa overcharging wa thanki equalizing, ndi equalizing pisitoni mwamsanga kumapangitsa kuthamanga ananyema mzere wofanana ndi kuthamanga mu thanki equalizing. Umu ndi momwe njira yotulutsira mabuleki mokwanira kuti ithamangitse kuthamanga imawoneka ngati momwe dalaivala amawonera.

Kutulutsidwa kwapang'onopang'ono, poyang'anira EPT kapena sitima zonyamula katundu panthawi yamapiri oyendetsa mpweya wa mpweya, amachitidwa poyika chogwirira cha valve mu malo a sitima ya XNUMX, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kupititsa padenga.

Kodi brake ya electro-pneumatic imayendetsedwa bwanji? EPT imayendetsedwa kuchokera ku crane yomweyi, 395 yokha, yomwe ili ndi wolamulira wa EPT. Mu "can" iyi, yomwe imayikidwa pamwamba pa tsinde la chogwirira, pali zolumikizana zomwe, kudzera mugawo lowongolera, zimawongolera kuperekedwa kwa zabwino kapena zoyipa, zokhudzana ndi njanji, ku waya wa EPT, ndikuchotsanso kuthekera uku kumasula. mabuleki.

Pamene EPT ndi anatembenukira, braking ikuchitika ndi kuika dalaivala Kireni pa udindo Va - wosakwiya braking. Pankhaniyi, ma silinda a brake amadzazidwa mwachindunji kuchokera kwa wogawa mpweya wamagetsi pamlingo wa 0,1 MPa pamphindikati. Njirayi imayang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito kupima kuthamanga muzitsulo za brake. Kutulutsa kwa thanki yofananira kumachitika, koma pang'onopang'ono.

EPT ikhoza kutulutsidwa mwina pang'onopang'ono, poyika valavu pamalo achiwiri, kapena kwathunthu, poyiyika pa malo I ndikuwonjezera kupanikizika kwa UR ndi 0,02 MPa pamwamba pa mlingo wa kuthamanga. Izi ndizofanana ndi momwe zimawonekera kuchokera kumalingaliro a dalaivala

Kodi mabuleki a emergency amachitika bwanji? Pamene chogwirira cha valavu cha opareshoni chakhazikitsidwa kuti chikhale VI, spool ya valve imatsegula mzere wa brake mwachindunji mumlengalenga kudzera mu njira yaikulu. Kupanikizika kumatsika kuchoka pakuwalipiritsa kufika paziro mu masekondi 3-4. Kupanikizika mu thanki yowonjezera kumachepetsanso, koma pang'onopang'ono. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ma accelerators adzidzidzi amatsegulidwa pa ogawa mpweya - VR iliyonse imatsegula mzere wa brake kumlengalenga. Zonyezimira zimauluka kuchokera pansi pa mawilo, mawilo akuthamanga, ngakhale kuwonjezera mchenga pansi pawo ...

Pa "kuponya kwachisanu ndi chimodzi" kotereku, dalaivala adzayang'anizana ndi kusanthula ku depot - ngati zochita zake zinali zomveka ndi malangizo a Malangizo a Kuwongolera Mabuleki ndi Malamulo a Ntchito Zamakono za Rolling Stock, komanso nambala. ya malangizo akumaloko. Osatchulanso kupsinjika komwe amakumana nako “poponya chachisanu ndi chimodzi”.

Chifukwa chake, ngati mutuluka panjanji, yendani pansi pa chotchinga chotsekera kuti muwoloke mgalimoto, kumbukirani kuti munthu wamoyo, woyendetsa sitima, ndiye amene amachititsa kulakwitsa kwanu, kupusa, kufuna kwanu komanso kulimba mtima. Ndipo anthu omwe amayenera kumasula matumbo kuchokera ku ma axles a magudumu, kuchotsa mitu yodulidwa m'mabokosi oyendetsa ...

Sindikufuna kuwopseza aliyense, koma ichi ndi chowonadi - chowonadi cholembedwa m'magazi komanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zinthu. Chifukwa chake, mabuleki a sitima si ophweka monga momwe angawonekere.

Zotsatira

Sindingaganizire ntchito ya valavu yothandizira brake m'nkhaniyi. Pazifukwa ziwiri. Choyamba, nkhaniyi ndi yodzaza ndi mawu ndi uinjiniya wowuma ndipo sichikugwirizana ndi sayansi yodziwika bwino. Kachiwiri, kulingalira za ntchito ya KVT kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito kufotokoza kwa nuances wa dera pneumatic wa mabuleki locomotive, ndipo iyi ndi mutu wa kukambirana osiyana.

Ndikuyembekeza kuti ndi nkhaniyi ndinayika mantha amatsenga mwa owerenga anga ... ayi, ayi, ndikuseka, ndithudi. Nthabwala pambali, ndikuganiza kuti zawonekeratu kuti makina oyendetsa sitimayi ndizovuta kwambiri zogwirizanitsa komanso zovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimapangidwa ndizomwe zimapangidwira mwamsanga komanso motetezeka kuwongolera katundu. Kuonjezera apo, ndikuyembekezadi kuti ndafooketsa chikhumbo chofuna kuseka oyendetsa sitimayo posewera ndi valavu ya brake. Kwa winawake...

Mu ndemanga amandifunsa kuti ndikuuzeni za Sapsan. Padzakhala "Peregrine Falcon", ndipo idzakhala nkhani yosiyana, yabwino komanso yayikulu, yokhala ndi mfundo zosadziwika bwino. Sitima yamagetsi yamagetsi imeneyi inandipatsa nthawi yaifupi, koma yochititsa chidwi kwambiri m’moyo wanga, choncho ndikufunadi kulankhula za izo, ndipo ndidzakwaniritsadi lonjezo langa.

Ndikufuna kuthokoza anthu ndi mabungwe otsatirawa:

1. Roman Biryukov (Romych Russian Railways) pazojambula panyumba ya EP20
2. Webusaiti www.pomogala.ru - pazithunzi zotengedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zawo
3. Apanso kwa Aromani Biryukov ndi Sergei Avdonin kuti akalandire uphungu pazochitika zobisika za mabuleki.

Mpaka nthawi yotsatira, abwenzi okondedwa!

Source: www.habr.com