Tidapanga cholemba chachifupi ndi malingaliro akulu kuchokera ku Python Junior Podcast: momwemo tidakambirana komwe tingayambire komanso komwe tingapite ngati woyambitsa Python woyambitsa. Posachedwapa tili ndi zambiri za apakati ndi akuluakulu, koma gawoli ndi la achinyamata.
Mitu yayikulu:
- Ndi chidziwitso chotani chomwe wopanga mapulogalamu a novice amafunikira kuchita
chitukuko cha intaneti? - Kodi olemba ntchito amayembekezera chiyani kuchokera kwa opanga?
- Zoyenera kuchita kuti mupeze ntchito popanda chidziwitso?
- Kodi wopanga Python angapange bwanji?
Python Junior Podcast ndi pulogalamu yamapulogalamu kwa iwo omwe akufuna kumvetsetsa bwino Python. Kuwulutsa kumayendetsedwa ndi alaliki ammudzi ndi aphunzitsi a maphunziro .
Otenga nawo mbali pazokambirana:
- Valentin DombrovskiCo-anayambitsa MoscowPython
- Zlata Obukhovskaya, Mtsogoleri wa timu ya NVIDIA
- Grigory Petrov, evangelist MoscowPython
- Alexey Shtyrnyaev developer ku FinEx, mphunzitsi wa Learn courses
Python
Chifukwa chiyani Python ndiyabwino pakukula kwa intaneti
Valentin Dombrovskii: Chifukwa chiyani Python ili yoyenera kukulitsa intaneti? Bwanji osa PHP kapena JavaScript, mwachitsanzo?
Grigory Petrov: Choncho palibe kusankha kochuluka. Ngakhale kuti pa Webusayiti yamakono mutha kupanga tsamba limodzi kapena pulogalamu yapaintaneti yopita patsogolo popanda kubwereranso - kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje akutsogolo, pogwiritsa ntchito JavaScript - ikadali yovuta kwambiri, yosawerengeka bwino ndipo imafuna opanga bwino.
Ngati tikufuna kupanga tsamba la webusayiti kapena ntchito, timagwiritsa ntchito njira yophatikizira: ma backend ena amagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro ndikupanga masamba, ndipo ena akutsogolo amajambula masamba awa mumsakatuli. Ndipo pamene tifunika kuziyika zonse pamodzi pa chinachake, tilibe chosankha.
Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zingatheke.
- C#. Microsoft ndiyabwino kwambiri, adapanga .NET Core ndipo akulimbikitsa mwanjira iliyonse. Koma, choyamba, iyi ndi ukadaulo watsopano wa nsanja, ndipo sikuti zonse zili bwino pamenepo. Kachiwiri, ndi okwera mtengo, pali ochepa C # Madivelopa - chifukwa si otchuka.
- Java. Ndizovuta. Kupanga tsamba labwinobwino ku Java sikutenga mizere 10 yamakhodi, monga Python. Izi ndi ma code ambiri, awa ndi ma frameworks, ndipo muyenera kudziwa zenizeni za kukhazikitsa ma seva a Java. Kawirikawiri, kupweteka kosalekeza ndi kuzunzika.
- PHP. M'mabaibulo atsopano ndi zodabwitsa. Ndikunenanso izi: PHP 7.2 siili yoyipa kuposa Python. Koma simungangotenga ndikugwiritsa ntchito PHP 7.2. Ngati wamba, osati wopanga mapulogalamu apamwamba akupanga tsamba lawebusayiti mu PHP, sangalembe mu 7.2 kokha: adzayenerabe kuwerenga mabuku, maphunziro, pali ma code ambiri a cholowa kulikonse, ndipo izi sizabwino kwambiri.
- JavaScript ndi Node.js. Ndizodabwitsa komanso zamakono kwambiri pamene pali chinenero chimodzi kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Osakhazikika kwambiri. Node.js ndi chinthu chabwino, koma ndizovuta kuyiyika popanga kuti isagwe ndikugwira ntchito mokhazikika. Komanso, ngati tikufuna kulemba JavaScript code yabwino, sitifuna JavaScript, koma TypeScript. Koma TypeScript ndizovuta mosayembekezereka, ndipo ubongo wa otukula wamba amawira akawona.
Tiyeni tisiye Ruby, Haskell, Erlang ndi zinthu zina za niche, ndipo tatsala ndi ... Python. Chilankhulo chokhala ndi mawu osasinthika, laibulale yofananira, zolemba zabwino kwambiri, zodziwika bwino zopepuka, ndi kuphatikiza kotchuka kwa Django.
Zikuoneka kuti, ngakhale kusankha kwakukulu, ngati tili ndi wamba, osati otukuka pamwamba, ndife bizinesi wamba amene amafuna kupanga Websites wamba, tilibe dipatimenti chitukuko anthu 50, ndiye ife kutenga Python.
Ndi chidziwitso chotani chomwe chimafunika kuti tilowe ntchitoyi?
Zlata Obukhovskaya: Ndikukhulupirira kuti muyenera kudziwa chimango chimodzi bwino - ndikudziwa zomwe ena alipo komanso nthawi yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Tornado ili kuti, ili kuti Django, Flask ili kuti, aiohttp ndi zina zotero.
Zidzakhala zothandiza kudziwa kuti pali zinthu monga ma protocol. Makamaka, chidziwitso cha http protocol ndichofunika kwambiri pakupanga mapulogalamu a pa intaneti.
Muyeneranso kumvetsetsa bwino momwe kumapeto kumagwirira ntchito pamawebusayiti: HTML, CSS, JS ndi chiyani.
Alexey Shtyrnyaev: Ndipo dziwani komwe zolembedwazo zili. Ndilofunika kwambiri.
Grigory Petrov: Apa tikuponda pamtunda wogwedezeka kwambiri. Ngati tili opanda mwayi ndipo mwanjira ina timayamba kuphunzira mozama zam'tsogolo zamakono, ndiye kuti zidzakhala zovuta nthawi 10 kuposa kumbuyo kwa Python. Wopanga novice ayenera kuchepetsa kuyang'ana kwake kuti ayambe kuphunzira HTML, koma osatayika mu ma div onsewa, ma spans, zoyandama, momwe zonse zimayendera komanso kutsata.
Alexey Shtyrnyaev: Muyenera maphunziro oyambira a Bootstrap. Ndipo zoyambira za HTML.
M'chaka choyamba, simuyenera kuyang'ana muzitsulo za JS (ngati mukuyang'ana kumbuyo). Maphunziro oyambira a Bootstrap ali kale ndi ma module opangidwa kale: ngati mukufuna slider, pangani slider; ngati mukufuna menyu yoyandama, pangani menyu yoyandama.
Zlata Obukhovskaya: Ndikuganiza kuti mukamawerenga kutsogolo, mutha kumiza, makamaka, momwe ma statics amaperekedwa pamapulogalamu apa intaneti. Mwanjira iyi, wopanga mapulogalamu amapita patsogolo kuti ayambe kuphunzira momwe mapangidwe a mapulogalamu a intaneti amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe amakhalira pakupanga.
Grigory Petrov: Inde, ndikupangira nthawi yomweyo ngati mutasankha Python ngati chinenero chachitukuko chakumbuyo ndipo, mwachitsanzo, Django monga chimango: Django ali ndi zolemba mu Django Book, ndizozizira kwambiri, zili ndi zonse zomwe Zlata adanena, iye kwenikweni. zabwino kwa oyamba.
Alexey Shtyrnyaev: Atsikana ena a Django ndi oyeneranso kuyamba mwachangu ngati cholinga chanu ndikuphunzira Django. Ili ndi phunziro lomwe tsiku limodzi mutha kupita pamwamba, kumvetsetsa zoyambira ndi zomwe chimangocho chimatha.
Valentin Dombrovskii: Pokonzekera kujambula podcast, tidalemba mndandanda wazomwe wopanga mapulogalamu a Python amafunikira pakukula kwa intaneti, zomwe zimafotokoza mwachidule zomwe tidanena kale.
Zomwe zikuphatikizidwa pazoyambira pakukula kwa intaneti ku Python
- Mawebusayiti a Django, Flask, aiohttp, Tornado, ndi zina zambiri (ndikudziwa za kukhalapo kwa ena).
- Protocols ndi APIs: makamaka http, JSON-RPC, Protocol Buffers, gRPC.
- ORM ndi kusamuka, nkhokwe zaubale, SQLAlchemy, SQL, PostgreSQL, MySQL.
- Zoyambira za HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, komanso ma JS frameworks ndi JQuery.
- Mfundo zogwiritsira ntchito pakupanga, kuyesa, kuyesa mayunitsi, ma autotests, machitidwe owongolera mtundu, git.
Kodi achinyamata amafunikira ma algorithms?
Zlata Obukhovskaya: Poyamba, simuyenera kudziwa ma aligorivimu; iwo amawonekera pang'onopang'ono m'mutu mwanu ngati mukuchita chitukuko motalika mokwanira. Ndikudziwa mainjiniya abwino ambiri omwe sanakhalepo ndi maphunziro abwino a ma aligorivimu.
Grigory Petrov: Ndikufuna kuwonjezera mafuta pamoto. Kodi kulakalaka kwathu ma aligorivimu kumachokera kuti?
Pakali pano tilibe maphunziro ofunikira mu ma aligorivimu, sitikudziwa momwe tingaphunzitsire olemba mapulogalamu, tilibe maziko aukadaulo.
Akuyesera kuchita izi, koma pano tili ndi nkhani ya Hogwarts: sitingathe kupanga sukulu ya afiti pomwe tilibe mfiti imodzi. Choncho, kodi yunivesite iyenera kuchita chiyani akabwera kwa iwo ndikufunsa kuti: "Yambani okonza mapulogalamu," koma alibe mapulogalamu, chifukwa aliyense amagwira ntchito ku Mail.ru, Rambler ndi Yandex, kodi amasangalala kumeneko?
Yunivesite ikuwoneka kuti:
- Chabwino, pulogalamu. Tiyeni tipeze mbali zina zokhudzana ndi chidziwitso ndikuyitanira akatswiri kuchokera kumeneko. Tiyeni tiitane atolankhani omwe amatha kulemba makope, akatswiri opanga magetsi omwe amatha kupanga mabwalo amagetsi, komanso akatswiri a masamu omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ma aligorivimu.
Pamapeto pake, zikuwonekeratu kuti izi ndizothandiza monga kuphunzitsa fiziki ya omanga chifukwa njerwa ndi simenti zimapangidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, samalankhula za simenti ndi njerwa okha, chifukwa katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo yemwe akuyesera kuphunzitsa womanga sakudziwa kumanga nyumba. Chotsatira chake, timapeza womanga yemwe amatha kufotokoza bwino momwe "simenti imagwirira ntchito", koma sanawonepo ndipo sadziwa kupanga chirichonse kuchokera pamenepo.
Ma algorithms ndi mapangidwe a data ndiabwino kwambiri, koma iyi ndi malo ochepa kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito. Zikufunika mwachangu, mwachitsanzo, ngati mukulemba injini yamasewera, compiler, kapena network protocol.
Okonza mapulogalamu ambiri amathetsa mavuto abizinesi pomwe ma aligorivimu ndi ma data safunikira.
Masamu ovuta kwambiri kumeneko ndikuwonjezera kawiri ndikugawa. Pamafunika chidziwitso chosiyana kotheratu. Kuthetsa mavuto abizinesi kumafunikira makamaka kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa chidziwitso chofunikira.
Ndikwabwino kwa wopanga novice kuti amvetsetse bizinesi ndi momwe angasonkhanitsire moyenera komanso mwachangu zofunikira kuchokera ku midadada yopangidwa kale, momwe angawathetsere, momwe angatsimikizire kuti sakusweka, kudziwa chifukwa chake amasweka, zomwe zimachitika pamene zofunikira zisintha ndipo pulogalamu ikuyamba "kukhazikika pa maziko" monga nyumba pambuyo pa mvula.
Izi ndi zinthu zothandiza komanso kumvetsetsa momwe mungalembe mapulogalamu. Ayenera kudziwa kuti kuwonjezera pa debugger, ali ndi zida zomwe zidzasonyeze komwe pulogalamuyo ikuchepa.
Valentin Dombrovskii: Kufanizitsa uku kunabwera m'maganizo mwanga: uku ndi kumasulira kuchokera ku chilankhulo cha bizinesi kupita kuchilankhulo chomwe mungathe kulumikizana ndi kompyuta. Ndiko kuti, wopanga mapulogalamu ndi mtundu wina wa akatswiri azilankhulo.
Grigory Petrov: Bizinesi imafuna wolemba, osati katswiri wa zilankhulo. Wolembayo safunikira kudziwa chifukwa chake zaka chikwi zapitazo mawu awa adasinthidwa kukhala izi. Ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mawuwa.
Zomwe mukufunikira kuti mupeze ntchito yanu yoyamba monga wopanga mapulogalamu
Alexey Shtyrnyaev: Mwina palibe njira yapadziko lonse yophikira junior.
Mukabwera kukampani ina, adzakulembani ntchito osati chifukwa mukudziwa Django, JSON ndi ma algorithms ochepa. Mutha kulembedwa ntchito pamaluso omwe kampaniyi ikufuna pano komanso pano.
Pali makampani ambiri, ndipo onse ali ndi zofunika zosiyanasiyana. Palibe chidziwitso chapadziko lonse lapansi chotere chomwe chiyenera kupezedwa kuti mupitirize kukonzekera kuyambiranso ndikupita kukapeza ntchito.
Grigory Petrov: Pamene ife ku VoxImplant tinali kufunafuna mainjiniya angapo, mkulu wathu waukadaulo adapanga zofunikira motere: munthu ayenera kuthana ndi mavuto. N'zoonekeratu kuti wamng'ono sangachite izi mogwira mtima nthawi zonse, osati m'njira yabwino komanso osati molondola nthawi zonse, koma makamaka mumapatsa munthu ntchito, amasokoneza ndikuyithetsa. Uwu ndi luso lomwe olemba ntchito amafunafuna kwenikweni.
Zlata Obukhovskaya: Anthu omwe akufunafuna ntchito kuchokera kumadera ena ali ndi ubwino wina kuchokera ku bizinesi chifukwa apita kale ndipo amatha kuthetsa mavuto mwamsanga. Izi ndi luso lofewa, ndingatchule kuti chikhalidwe cha ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, omaliza maphunziro a ku yunivesite sanakhazikitse chikhalidwe cha ntchito imeneyi.
Koma ndikufunabe kuyesa kupereka mtundu wina wa Chinsinsi kwa oyamba kumene.
Njira zoyambira kwa wopanga novice
Zlata Obukhovskaya: Choyamba ndi chakuti ichi akadali mtundu wa polojekiti yanu, chifukwa muyenera kulemba chinachake mu pitilizani wanu ndi kusonyeza mbiri yochepa. Ndizozizira pamene mapulojekitiwa sanadzipangire nokha, koma ngati ntchito yodzichitira pawokha - ya wina.
Pambuyo pa ntchito zoyamba, mutha kuyambiranso ndikuzitumiza kumakampani onse komwe kuli maudindo a June. Mafunso adzapereka chidziwitso pazomwe makampani amafunikira. Posakhalitsa wina adzakulembani ntchito, makamaka pakampani yaying'ono. Pambuyo pake, chidziwitso chantchitochi chidzakupatsani mwayi wolowa mukampani yayikulu komanso yosangalatsa.
Valentin Dombrovskii: Mwa njira, mu maphunziro athu timakonzekeretsa ophunzira kuti akhale ndi polojekiti yawo mkati mwa masabata a 10 ophunzitsidwa. Komanso timaphunzitsa luso lachitukuko cha timu. Awa ndi luso lofewa lomwe Zlata adalankhula.
Alexey Shtyrnyaev: Ndikhoza kukuuzani zomwe zinakuchitikirani kuti zingatenge nthawi yaitali kuti muyang'ane ntchito yanu yoyamba. Pamene mukuyang'ana mwezi umodzi kapena iwiri, ndi zachilendo. Ngati mupereka pitilizani wanu makampani onse, kupita zoyankhulana, m'mwezi wachitatu inu ndithu kupeza chinachake.
Valentin Dombrovskii: Mutha kudula mapulojekiti anu kapena kutenga ma projekiti osavuta odzichitira nokha ndipo nthawi yomweyo kutumiza pitilizani kwanu.
Ndi chiyembekezo chotani chomwe wopanga Python ali nacho?
Zlata Obukhovskaya: Wopanga Python akhoza kupita kulikonse. Mutha kupita kukayezetsa ndikupitiliza kukhala womanga wamkulu. Kapena mu Management. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya oyang'anira ukadaulo, ndipo mutha kukula kukhala oyang'anira apamwamba. Mutha kukhala mu sayansi ya data, DevOps, kupita pakuyesa pawokha kapena kuphunzira pamakina.
Valentin Dombrovskii: Mwambiri, pali zambiri zomwe mungachite ndi mwayi, kuphatikiza maphunziro athu. Simufunika kudziwa zambiri pakhomo, koma ndikofunikira kuti mufufuze zambiri, chifukwa momwe mungathere, zimakhala zabwino kwa inu.
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Ichi ndi gawo chabe la kumasulidwa . Mtundu wathunthu wagawo ulipo .
Kapena kuyang'ana:
Zikomo powerenga, kumvetsera kapena kuwonera.
Source: www.habr.com
