Kumvetsetsa mawu achidule achi Latin ndi mawu mu Chingerezi

Chaka ndi theka chapitacho, kuwerenga kumagwira ntchito pa zofooka Meltdown ndi Specter, ndinadzipeza kuti sindikumvetsa kwenikweni kusiyana kwa mawu achidulewo mwachitsanzo и mwachitsanzo Iwo. Zikumveka bwino m'nkhaniyo, koma zikuwoneka kuti sizili bwino. Zotsatira zake, ndidadzipangira pepala laling'ono lachinyengo makamaka pazofupikitsa izi, kuti ndisasokonezeke. Ndiyeno lingaliro la nkhaniyi linawonekera.

Patapita nthawi, ndinasonkhanitsa mawu achilatini ndi mawu achidule omwe amapezeka mu Chingerezi, ndipo lero ndakonzeka kugawana nawo owerenga a Habra. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mawu ambiriwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu m'mabuku ophunzirira mu Chirasha, koma mu Chingerezi amakhala alendo pafupipafupi ngakhale m'malo ambiri. Ndikuyembekeza kuti choperekachi chidzakhala chothandiza kwa anthu omwe sachita nawo ntchito zasayansi m'malo olankhula Chirasha, koma omwe nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zolemba zazikulu kapena zochepa mu Chingerezi, pomwe zolemba zachilatini zimatha kusokoneza.

Common chidule ndi mawu

etc. - et cetera, "ndi zina." Imawerengedwa mu Chilatini - [ˌɛt ˈsɛt(ə)ɹə], ndipo, mosiyana ndi zidule zina zambiri, imagwiritsidwa ntchito polankhula pakamwa. Mukhoza kuphunzira matchulidwe m’njira yabwino kwambiri Elenore by The Turtles - nyimbo yokhayo yokhala ndi etc. m'mawu omwe agunda ma chart.

♫Elenore, chabwino, ndikuganiza kuti watupa
♫Ndipo umandichitira bwino
♫ Ndinu kunyada kwanga ndi chisangalalo, etc.

et al. - ndi ali, “ndi ena”, amawerengedwa monga momwe analembera [ɛtˈɑːl]/[ˌet ˈæl]. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse amatanthauza anthu (kufupikitsa mndandanda wa olemba pagulu la ntchitoyi); sizingatanthauze malo ena m'malembawo (lat. ndi alibi) panthawi yowunikira. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza "etc". (lat. ndi alia).

Zindikirani kuti njira zotsutsanazi zimangolepheretsa Meltdown, osati gulu la Specter lomwe likufotokozedwa ndi Kocher et al. [40]
Zindikirani kuti njira zotsutsanazi zimangolepheretsa Meltdown ndipo sizigwira ntchito motsutsana ndi Specter zomwe zafotokozedwa ndi Kocher et al [40].

mwachitsanzo - id ndi, "m'lingaliro", "ndiko". Werengani ngati chidule cha IE ([ˌaɪˈiː]) kapena mophweka ngati kuti.

Kuletsa kutsatizana kwa malangizo osakhalitsa kuti zisapitirire ndi mtengo wolakwika, mwachitsanzo, '0', Meltdown imayesanso kuwerenga adilesiyo mpaka itapeza mtengo wosiyana ndi '0' (mzere 6).
Kuletsa kutsatizana kwa kusintha kwa malangizo kuti apitirize kuchita ndi mtengo wolakwika, i.e. ndi "0", Meltdown amayesa kuwerenganso adilesiyo mpaka itapeza mtengo wina osati "0" (mzere 6). (Apa, "mtengo wolakwika" umatanthauza "0", ndipo mutuwo umatchedwa Mlandu wa 0 - "Mlandu wa Zero").

kuti. - videre licet, "ndi". Nthawi zambiri zimamveka ngati zomwe kapena ku nzeru. Kuchokera mwachitsanzo amasiyana mu zimenezo mwachitsanzo - ichi ndi kufotokozera, koma kuti. - chisonyezero chokwanira cha chinthucho pambuyo polengeza za / mayina awo / mndandanda. Magwero ena amaona kuti ndi yachikale mwachitsanzo; Inde, mu ntchito za theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la XNUMX kuti. zimachitika nthawi zambiri kuposa masiku ano.

Popeza gulu latsopanoli lachiwopsezo limaphatikizapo kuyeza nthawi yeniyeni, ngati kuchepetsa pang'ono, kwakanthawi kochepa, tikulepheretsa kapena kuchepetsa kulondola kwa magwero angapo mu Firefox. Izi zikuphatikizanso magwero achidziwitso, monga performance.now(), ndi zosungira zomwe zimalola kupanga zowerengera zowona kwambiri, kuti., SharedArrayBuffer.
Chifukwa gulu latsopanoli lachiwopsezo limaphatikizapo kuyeza kwanthawi ndithu, monga njira yogwirira ntchito tikuyimitsa kapena kuchepetsa kulondola kwa magwero a nthawi mu Firefox. Izi zikuphatikiza magwero omveka bwino monga performance.now() ndi ena osalunjika omwe amakulolani kuti mupange zowonera nthawi yayitali, zomwe ndi SharedArrayBuffer.

mwachitsanzo - chitsanzo gratia, “mwachitsanzo”, “makamaka”. Amawerenga ngati Mwachitsanzo, kawirikawiri monga chidule cha EG. Mosiyana ndi zidule ziwiri zam'mbuyo, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chitsanzo, osati mndandanda wazinthu zonse.

Meltdown sigwiritsa ntchito chiopsezo cha pulogalamu iliyonse, mwachitsanzo, imagwira ntchito pamakina onse akuluakulu. M'malo mwake, Meltdown imagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cham'mbali chomwe chilipo pama processor amakono, mwachitsanzo, ma Intel microarchitectures amakono kuyambira 2010 komanso mwina pa ma CPU ena ogulitsa ena.
Meltdown sichimapezerapo mwayi pazovuta zilizonse zamapulogalamu, mwachitsanzo. Imagwira ntchito pamakina onse akuluakulu. M'malo mwake, imagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cham'mbali chomwe chilipo pa mapurosesa amakono, makamaka Intel microarchitectures kuyambira 2010 kupita mtsogolo ndipo mwina opanga ma CPU ena.

NB - ayi bwino, "Zindikirani". Zolembedwa m’zilembo zazikulu.

ndi ,v. - molimbana ndi, “motsutsa”, [ˈvɝː.səs]. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mawu obwereka m'Chilatini anali ndi matanthauzo osiyana - "kuwongolera pambuyo pokhota." Anzeru a m’zaka za m’ma Middle Ages anagwiritsa ntchito mawuwa motsutsana ndi Deus muzomanga ngati "Petya adabera Korovans moyo wake wonse, ndipo atagwidwa ndikuweruzidwa pamtengo, adatembenuka mwamphamvu. kwa Mulungu".

c., ca., ca., circ. - za, "za" zokhudzana ndi masiku. Kutchulidwa [ˈsɝː.kə].

chisawawa - "zapadera", "zochitika", "zosakhalitsa", kutanthauza kuti "pa izi". Zimatanthawuza chinthu chomwe chimathetsa vuto linalake, lopapatiza kwambiri komanso lomwe nthawi zambiri limafunikira mwachangu. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza "ndodo".

Izi zidadzetsa kuchulukira kwa mitundu yatsopano yowukira ya Specter ndi Meltdown ndi zina zambiri chisawawa chitetezo (mwachitsanzo, ma microcode ndi mapulogalamu a pulogalamu).
Kuwona uku kwadzetsa kuchuluka kwa mitundu yatsopano ya kuukira kwa Specter ndi Meltdown komanso njira zina zodzitetezera (makamaka ma microcommand system ndi zigamba).

Ngati mulibe capacitor yoti mugwiritse ntchito ngati chodutsa, mutha kuyisiya ngati chisawawa Yankho.
Ngati mulibe decoupling capacitor, mutha kudutsa popanda ngati ndodo kwakanthawi.

malonda lib -chidule cha ad libitum, "mwakufuna", "impromptu". Imatanthawuza kudzidzimutsa, kusintha, lingaliro ladzidzidzi. Kuchokera chisawawa ali ndi ufulu wambiri. Iwo. "Njira yathu idaphulika, ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi adalonjeza kuti afika pakatha ola limodzi, tidayenera kumanga mpanda ndi ndowa" - ad hoc. "Ndinayiwala kugula kirimu wowawasa wa dumplings, ndiye ndinayesa mayonesi" - ad lib.

Ndinayiwala zolemba zanga, kotero ndinayankhula malonda lib
Ndinayiwala mawu ake kotero ine improvised

[sic] - "Choncho pachiyambi." M'malemba a maphunziro, amatanthauza kalembedwe koyambirira (chilankhulo, chosatha, cholakwika cha kalembedwe, ndi zina zotero). Ndi kukwera kwa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, zolakwika ndi typos mu ma tweets ndi zolemba zina zafala kwambiri monga kunyoza ("onani, chitsiru chotani!").

Purezidenti wosankhidwa kumene a Donald Trump adayika pachiwopsezo chosokoneza ubale pakati pa US ndi China pomwe adapita ku Twitter Loweruka kuti anene China "chopanda pulezidenti" cholanda sitima yapamadzi ya US sabata ino.

Chidule cha maumboni a m'mabuku ndi mawu am'munsi

ibid., ib. - Ibid, ibid (za gwero);
id. - idem, chimodzimodzi (za wolemba). Malinga ndi malamulo okhwima ibid. kwenikweni amatanthauza "m'malo omwewo" - m'malo omwewo patsamba lomwelo - ndipo sizitanthauza kumveketsa bwino, koma id. imasonyeza malo ena m'malo omwewo ndipo nthawi zonse imawonjezeredwa ndi nambala yatsamba (kapena mphindi). Kunena zoona, olemba ambiri amangogwiritsa ntchito ibid. ndikupereka masamba atsopano modekha.

op. chit. - opere quote, "ntchito yotchulidwa." Imalowetsa mutu wa nkhani kapena buku liti ibid. sichikuyenerera chifukwa chakuti maumboni ena a ntchito yofananayo aphatikizidwa (mwachitsanzo, m’mawu amtsinde); yolembedwa pambuyo pa dzina la wolemba:

cf. - perekani - "cf.", "yerekezerani". Mosiyana onani limasonyeza maganizo osiyana pa kukhala ndi zolinga zazikulu (onani chitsanzo pamwambapa).

mphindi - "kulikonse". Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sizingatheke kusonyeza tsamba linalake lomwe likuchokera chifukwa lingaliro / chidziwitso chomwe chikufunidwa chimadutsamo.

ndi seq. - ndi sequentes - "ndi kupitirira" za masamba omwe ali mugwero.

f. и ff. - folio - njira ina "ndi kupitirira" imayikidwa mwamsanga pambuyo pa nambala ya tsamba popanda malo. Mmodzi f. amatanthauza tsamba limodzi, awiri ff. - masamba osawerengeka. ff. wotchuka kwambiri mu German chifukwa ndi ofanana ndi fortfolgende - "Zotsatira".

Zindikirani: m'Chingerezi chamakono sikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito et. seq. ndi ff., ndikwabwino kuwonetsa mndandanda wamasamba.

Mawu achidule omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri

pansi и sup. - infra, supra - onani pansipa ndikuwona pamwambapa, motsatana.

loc. cit. - loco citato - analogi ibid.

sc. - scilicet - "ndiko", analogue kuti.

qv - vidiyo - "onani", "onani". Nthawi zonse amaloza malo ena mu ntchito yomweyo; m'mawonekedwe ake akale ndi odzidalira, chifukwa amaganiza kuti wowerenga adzapeza yekha mutu womwe akufuna. M'chinenero chamakono ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito onani ndi malangizo enieni oti muwone.

sv - mawu verbo - kwenikweni monga chonchi <a href> pamaso hypertext, limasonyeza enieni dikishonale kulowa, dzina lenileni limene limatsatira mwamsanga pambuyo chidule.

Ndipo pang'ono

QED - quod erat demonstrandum - "Izi ndi zomwe zimayenera kutsimikiziridwa."

sl - sensu lato - "m'lingaliro lalikulu".

ss - sensi stricto - "M'lingaliro lenileni."

mawu - "kwenikweni", "verbatim".

Source: www.habr.com