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Kusanja kwa makompyuta apamwamba kwambiri ochita bwino kwambiri kumapangidwa ndi gulu lotengera ma ARM CPU

Lofalitsidwa Chithunzi cha 55 mlingo 500 makompyuta apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Chiwerengero cha June chidakwezedwa ndi mtsogoleri watsopano - gulu la Japan Fugaku, yodziwika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ma processor a ARM.

Fugaku Cluster zatumizidwa ku Institute of Physical and Chemical Research RIKEN ndipo imapereka magwiridwe antchito a 415.5 petaflops, omwe ndi 2.8 kuposa mtsogoleri wam'mbuyomu, omwe adakankhidwira pamalo achiwiri. Gululi limaphatikizapo 158976 SoC-based node Fujitsu A64FX, yokhala ndi 48-core CPU Armv8.2-A SVE (512 bit SIMD) yokhala ndi mawotchi pafupipafupi a 2.2GHz. Ponseponse, gululi lili ndi ma processor cores opitilira 7 miliyoni (katatu kuposa mtsogoleri wakale), pafupifupi 5 PB ya RAM ndi 150 PB yosungidwa yogawana kutengera Luster FS. Red Hat Enterprise Linux imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati makina opangira.

Kusanja kwa makompyuta apamwamba kwambiri ochita bwino kwambiri kumapangidwa ndi gulu lotengera ma ARM CPU

Malo kuyambira wachiwiri mpaka wachisanu adatetezedwa ndi atsogoleri am'mbuyomu, omwe adatenga malo oyamba mpaka anayi pamndandanda wa Novembala:

  • Malo achiwiri - masango Msonkhano kutumizidwa ndi IBM ku Oak Ridge National Laboratory (USA). Gululi limayendetsa Red Hat Enterprise Linux ndipo limaphatikizapo 2.4 miliyoni processor cores (pogwiritsa ntchito 22-core IBM Power9 22C 3.07GHz CPUs ndi NVIDIA Tesla V100 accelerators), yomwe imapereka ntchito ya 148 petaflops.
  • Malo achitatu - gulu la America Sierra, yoyikidwa ku Livermore National Laboratory ndi IBM pamaziko a nsanja yofanana ndi Summit ndikuwonetsa ntchito pa 94 ​​petaflops (pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni cores).
  • Malo achinayi - gulu lachi China Sunway TaihuLight, yomwe ikugwira ntchito ku National Supercomputing Center ku China, kuphatikiza ma cores opitilira 10 miliyoni ndikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito a 93 petaflops. Ngakhale kuti pali zizindikiro zofanana, gulu la Sierra limagwiritsa ntchito theka la mphamvu monga Sunway TaihuLight.
  • Malo achisanu - gulu lachi China Tianhe-2A, yomwe imaphatikizapo pafupifupi ma cores 5 miliyoni ndikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito a 61 petaflops.

Magulu atsopano adatenga malo achisanu ndi chimodzi ndi achisanu ndi chiwiri HPC5 (Italy, Dell EMC, 35 petaflops, 669 zikwi cores) ndi Selene (USA, ma petaflops 27, ma cores 277), omwe adalowa m'malo mwa gulu la America. Frontera (Dell EMC, 23 petaflops, 448 thousand cores) mpaka malo asanu ndi atatu. Gulu latsopano la Italy lidatenga malo achisanu ndi chinayi Zamgululi (IBM, 21.6 petaflops, 347 thousand cores), ndipo chakhumi ndi gulu la Swiss Piz Daint (Cray / HPE, 21.2 petaflops, 387 zikwi cores), yomwe inatenga malo a 6 mu kusanja kwapita.

Zosangalatsa kwambiri:

  • Gulu lapakhomo SberCloud (6.6 petaflops, Ubuntu 18.04.01/2/8168, yomangidwa ndi Sberbank pa nsanja ya NVIDIA DGX-24, imagwiritsa ntchito Xeon Platinum 2.7 99600C 6GHz CPU ndipo ili ndi makina apakompyuta 29) idachoka pa 36 mpaka 2 pamalo osanja m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Gulu lina lapakhomo, Lomonosov 107, lidachoka ku 131 kupita ku malo XNUMX. Cluster mu Roshydromet, yomwe ili pa nambala 465, idachotsedwa pamndandanda. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa magulu am'nyumba omwe ali pamiyezi isanu ndi umodzi kudatsika kuchokera pa 3 mpaka 2 (mu 2017 panali 5 pamndandanda. machitidwe apakhomo, ndi 2012 - 12);

  • Kugawidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa makompyuta apamwamba m'mayiko osiyanasiyana:
    • China: 226 (228 miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo). Pazonse, masango aku China amapanga 45.2 ya zokolola zonse (miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo - 31.9%);
    • USA: 114 (117). Zokolola zonse zimayesedwa pa 22.8% (miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo - 37.8%);
    • Japan: 29 (29);
    • France: 19 (18);
    • Germany: 16 (16);
    • Netherlands: 15 (15);
    • Ireland: 14 (14);
    • Canada 12 (9);
    • UK: 10(11);
    • Italy: 7 (5);
    • Brazil: 4 (3);
    • Singapore 4 (4);
    • South Korea, Saudi Arabia, Norway: 3;
    • Russia, India, Australia, UAE, Switzerland, Sweden, Finland, Taiwan: 2.
  • Pakusanja kwa machitidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makompyuta apamwamba, Linux yokha yatsalira kwa zaka zitatu;
  • Kugawidwa ndi magawo a Linux (m'mabulaketi - miyezi 6 yapitayo):
    • 54.4% (49.6%) safotokoza mwatsatanetsatane kugawa,
    • 24.6% (26.4%) amagwiritsa ntchito CentOS,
    • 6.8% (6.8%) - Cray Linux,
    • 6% (4.8%) - RHEL,
    • 2.6% (3%) - SUSE,
    • 2.2% (2%) - Ubuntu;
    • 0.2% (0.4%) - Linux Sayansi
  • Zocheperako magwiridwe antchito polowa Top500 mu miyezi 6 chinawonjezeka kuchokera 1142 kuti 1230 teraflops (chaka chatha, masango 272 okha anasonyeza ntchito kuposa petaflop, zaka ziwiri zapitazo - 138, zaka zitatu zapitazo - 94). Kwa Top100, malo olowera adakwera kuchokera ku 2570 mpaka 2801 teraflops;
  • Kuchita kwathunthu kwa machitidwe onse pamlingowo kudakwera chaka kuchokera pa 1.65 mpaka 2.23 ma exaflops (zaka zitatu zapitazo anali 749 petaflops). Dongosolo lomwe limatseka masanjidwe apano linali mu 449th malo omaliza, ndi 348th chaka chatha;
  • Kugawidwa kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha makompyuta akuluakulu m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko lapansi ndi motere:
    Ma supercomputer 272 ali ku Asia (274 - miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo),
    126 ku North America (129) ndi 96 ku Ulaya (94), 4 ku South America ndi 2 ku Oceania (3);

  • Monga purosesa m'munsi, Intel CPUs ali patsogolo - 93.8% (miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo inali 94%), m'malo achiwiri ndi IBM Power - 2.6% (kuchokera 2.8%), m'malo achitatu ndi AMD - 2.2% (0.6% ), m'malo achinayi ndi ARM (Marvell ThunderX2 ndi Fujitsu A64FX) - 0.8%, pachisanu cha SPARC64 - 0.2% (0.6%). Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu kusanja, gulu lozikidwa pa ma processor a ARM linaperekedwa, lomwe nthawi yomweyo lidatenga malo oyamba.
  • 37.4% (miyezi 35.6 yapitayo 20%) ya mapurosesa onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ali ndi ma cores 12.2, 13.8% (16%) - 10.6 cores, 24% - XNUMX cores,
    10.4% (11%) - 18 cores, 9.8% (11.2%) - 12 cores, 7% (7.8%) - 14 cores;

  • Makina 145 mwa 500 (miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo - 144) amagwiritsanso ntchito ma accelerator kapena coprocessors, pomwe makina 135 amagwiritsa ntchito tchipisi ta NVIDIA (miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo panali 135), 6 - Intel Xeon Phi (anali 5), 1 - PEZY (1) , 1 imagwiritsa ntchito njira zosakanizidwa (kale 1), 1 imagwiritsa ntchito Matrix-2000 (1), 1 GPU AMD Vega (1);
  • Pakati pa opanga magulu, Lenovo adatenga malo oyamba - 36% (miyezi 34.8 yapitayo XNUMX%), m'malo achiwiri.
    Sugon 13.6% (14.2%), m'malo achitatu Inspur - 12.8% (13.2%), malo achinayi ali ndi Hewlett-Packard - 7.6% (7%), akutsatiridwa ndi Cray 7.2%, Atos - 5.2% (4.6%) , Fujitsu 2.6% (2.6%), IBM 2.4 (2.6%), Dell EMC 2% (2.2%), NVIDIA 1.4% (1.2%), Huawei 1.4% (2%),
    Penguin Computing - 1.2% (2.2%). Zaka zitatu zapitazo, kugawa pakati pa opanga kunali motere: Hewlett-Packard 28.6% (22.4%), mu malo achiwiri - Lenovo 17% (18.4%), wachitatu - Cray 11.4% (11.2%), mu malo achinayi ndi Sugon 9.2% (9.4%), pamalo achisanu ndi IBM 5.4% (6.6%).

  • Ethernet imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza node mu 52.6% yamagulu (miyezi 52 yapitayo 30.4%), InfiniBand - 28% (9.8%), Omnipath - 10% (52.6%). Ngati tilingalira ntchito yonse, ndiye kuti machitidwe opangidwa ndi Efaneti amaphimba 29% (500%) ya ntchito yonse ya Top30.4, InfiniBand - 40% (9.8%), Omnipath - XNUMX%.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kumasulidwa kwatsopano kwa chiwerengero china cha machitidwe a magulu akupezeka Chithunzi 500, yoyang'ana pakuwunika momwe mapulatifomu apamwamba amagwirira ntchito omwe amalumikizidwa ndi kuyerekezera njira zakuthupi ndi ntchito zokonza kuchuluka kwa data yofananira pamakina otere. Muyezo Chobiriwira500 mosiyana kwambiri osatulutsidwa ndikuphatikizidwa ndi Top500, monga momwe mphamvu zamagetsi zilili tsopano kuwonetseredwa mu mlingo waukulu wa Top500 (chiΕ΅erengero cha LINPACK FLOPS ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mu watts chimaganiziridwa).

Source: opennet.ru

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