Kutulutsidwa kwa Debian 10 "Buster".

Pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri za chitukuko chinachitika kumasula Debian GNU / Linux 10.0 (Kuthamanga), kupezeka kwa khumi mothandizidwa ndi boma zomangamanga: Intel IA-32/x86 (i686), AMD64 / x86-64, ARM EABI (armel), 64-bit ARM (arm64), ARMv7 (armhf), MIPS (mips, mipsel, mips64el), PowerPC 64 (ppc64el) ndi IBM System z (s390x). Zosintha za Debian 10 zidzatulutsidwa kwa zaka 5.

Chosungiracho chili ndi mapaketi a binary a 57703, omwe ali pafupifupi 6 zikwi zambiri kuposa zomwe zinaperekedwa ku Debian 9. Poyerekeza ndi Debian 9, 13370 mapaketi atsopano a binary awonjezedwa, 7278 (13%) phukusi lachikale kapena losiyidwa lachotsedwa, 35532 (62) %) phukusi lasinthidwa. Kwa 91.5% ya phukusi kupereka kuthandizira zomanga zobwerezabwereza, zomwe zimakulolani kutsimikizira kuti fayilo yomwe ingathe kuchitidwa imamangidwa ndendende kuchokera ku magwero omwe adalengezedwa ndipo ilibe zosintha zakunja, zomwe m'malo mwake, mwachitsanzo, zitha kuchitika mwa kuwukira zomanga za msonkhano kapena ma bookmark mu compiler. .

chifukwa kutsitsa zilipo Zithunzi za DVD zomwe zitha kutsitsidwa kuchokera HTTP, jigdo kapena BitTorrent. Komanso anapanga Chithunzi chosavomerezeka chosavomerezeka chomwe chili ndi firmware yaumwini. Zapangidwira zomanga za amd64 ndi i386 LiveUSB, yopezeka mu GNOME, KDE ndi Xfce flavors, komanso ma DVD amitundu yambiri ophatikiza mapaketi a pulatifomu ya amd64 ndi mapaketi owonjezera a zomangamanga za i386. Thandizo lowonjezera la zithunzi zotsitsidwa pamaneti (netboot) pamakhadi a SD ndi zithunzi zomwe zimagwirizana ndi 16 GB USB Flash;

Chinsinsi kusintha mu Debian 10.0:

• Zakhazikitsidwa kuthandizira kwa UEFI Safe Boot, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito Shim boot loader, yotsimikiziridwa ndi siginecha ya digito yochokera ku Microsoft (yosaina shim), kuphatikiza ndi chiphaso cha grub kernel ndi boot loader (grub-efi-amd64-yosaina) ndi polojekitiyi. satifiketi (shim imakhala ngati wosanjikiza wogawira kugwiritsa ntchito makiyi ake). Maphukusi osainidwa ndi shim ndi grub-efi-ARCH akuphatikizidwa ngati zodalira za amd64, i386 ndi arm64. Bootloader ndi grub, yotsimikiziridwa ndi satifiketi yogwira ntchito, ikuphatikizidwa muzithunzi za EFI za amd64, i386 ndi arm64. Tiyeni tikumbukire kuti Thandizo la Boot Yotetezedwa poyamba linkayembekezeredwa mu Debian 9, koma silinakhazikitsidwe lisanatulutsidwe ndipo linaimitsidwa mpaka kutulutsidwa kwakukulu kotsatira kwa kugawa;
• Kuthandizidwa mwachisawawa ndikuthandizira pulogalamu ya AppArmor yovomerezeka yolowera, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wowongolera mphamvu zamachitidwe pofotokozera mndandanda wamafayilo omwe ali ndi ufulu woyenera (kuwerenga, kulemba, kukumbukira kukumbukira ndikuyendetsa, kukhazikitsa loko loko, etc.) kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso kuwongolera mwayi wopezeka pa netiweki (mwachitsanzo, kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito ICMP) ndikuwongolera kuthekera kwa POSIX. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa AppArmor ndi SELinux ndikuti SELinux imagwira ntchito pamalebulo okhudzana ndi chinthu, pomwe AppArmor imasankha zilolezo potengera njira yamafayilo, zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri kukonza. Phukusi lalikulu lomwe lili ndi AppArmor limapereka mbiri yachitetezo pamapulogalamu ena okha, ndipo zina zonse muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito phukusi la apparmor-profiles-owonjezera kapena mbiri kuchokera pamaphukusi apadera;
• Ma iptables osinthidwa, ip6tables, ma arptables ndi ebtables anabwera nftables packet fyuluta, yomwe tsopano ndiyosakhazikika ndipo ndiyodziwika pakugwirizanitsa zosefera zapaketi za IPv4, IPv6, ARP ndi milatho yama network. Nftables imapereka mawonekedwe a generic okha, odziyimira pawokha pa protocol pamlingo wa kernel womwe umapereka ntchito zoyambira zochotsa deta m'mapaketi, kuchita ma data, ndikuwongolera kuthamanga. Zosefera zokhazokha ndi ogwiritsira ntchito ma protocol amapangidwa mu bytecode mu malo ogwiritsira ntchito, pambuyo pake bytecode iyi imayikidwa mu kernel pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a Netlink ndikuchitidwa mu makina apadera omwe amakumbukira BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters);

  Mwachikhazikitso, phukusi la iptables-nft limayikidwa, lomwe limapereka zida zothandizira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimagwirizana ndi ma iptables, okhala ndi mzere wofanana wa mzere wotsatira, koma kumasulira malamulo otsatila mu nf_tables bytecode, kuchitidwa mu makina enieni. Phukusi la iptables-legacy likupezeka kuti liyike, kuphatikizapo kukhazikitsa zakale kutengera x_tables. iptables executables tsopano yayikidwa mu / usr / sbin osati / sbin (ma symlink amapangidwa kuti azigwirizana);

• Kwa APT, njira yodzipatula ya sandbox imakhazikitsidwa, yoyatsidwa kudzera mu APT::Sandbox::Seccomp njira ndikupereka kusefa kwama foni pamakina pogwiritsa ntchito seccomp-BPF. Kukonza mindandanda yoyera ndi yakuda yamayimbidwe a makina, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mindandanda APT::Sandbox::Seccomp::Trap and APT::Sandbox::Seccomp::Lolani;
• Linux kernel yasinthidwa kukhala 4.19;
• Desktop ya GNOME yasinthidwa kukhala Wayland mwachisawawa, ndipo gawo lochokera pa seva la X limaperekedwa ngati njira (Seva ya X ikuphatikizidwabe ngati gawo la phukusi). Zithunzi zosinthidwa ndi malo ogwiritsa ntchito: GNOME 3.30, KDE Plasma 5.14, Cinnamon 3.8, LXDE 0.99.2, Kufotokozera: LXQt 0.14, MATE 1.20, ndi Xfce 4.12. Office suite LibreOffice yasinthidwa kuti itulutsidwe 6.1, ndi Calligra asanatulutsidwe 3.1. Kusintha kwa Evolution 3.30, GIMP 2.10.8, Inkscape 0.92.4, Vim 8.1;
• Kugawa kumaphatikizapo wolemba chinenero cha Rust (Rustc 1.34 imaperekedwa). Kusinthidwa GCC 8.3, LLVM/Clang 7.0.1, OpenJDK 11, Perl 5.28, PHP 7.3, Python 3.7.2;
• Mapulogalamu a seva asinthidwa, kuphatikizapo Apache httpd 2.4.38, BIND 9.11, Dovecot 2.3.4, Exim 4.92, Postfix 3.3.2, MariaDB 10.3, nginx 1.14, PostgreSQL 11, Samba 4.9 (SMBv3 support imaperekedwa mu chithandizo cha SMBvXNUMX);
• Mu cryptsetup zakhazikitsidwa kusinthira ku mtundu wa LUKS2 disk encryption (kale LUKS1 idagwiritsidwa ntchito). LUKS2 imasiyanitsidwa ndi dongosolo losavuta loyang'anira, kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito magawo akulu (4096 m'malo mwa 512, kumachepetsa katundu panthawi ya decryption), zozindikiritsa magawo ophiphiritsa (lebulo) ndi zida zosunga zobwezeretsera metadata zomwe zimatha kuzibwezeretsa zokha kuchokera pakope ngati kuwonongeka kwadziwika. Njira yosinthira imangosintha magawo omwe alipo LUKS1 kukhala mawonekedwe ogwirizana ndi LUKS2, koma chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mutu wamutu, sizinthu zonse zatsopano zomwe zidzapezeke kwa iwo;
• Woyikirayo wawonjezera kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito ma consoles angapo nthawi imodzi pakukhazikitsa. Thandizo la ReiserFS lachotsedwa. Kuthandizira kowonjezera kwa ZSTD compression (libzstd) kwa Btrfs. Thandizo lowonjezera la zida za NVMe;
• Mu debootstrap, njira ya "--merged-usr" imayatsidwa mwachisawawa, momwe mafayilo onse omwe angathe kuchitidwa ndi malaibulale kuchokera pamizu amasunthidwa ku / usr partition (zolemba za / bin, / sbin ndi / lib * zidapangidwa monga maulalo ophiphiritsa kumayendedwe ofananira mkati /usr) . Kusinthaku kumagwira ntchito pazoyika zatsopano zokha; chikwatu chakale chimasungidwa panthawi yokonzanso;
• Mu phukusi losakonzekera, kuwonjezera pa kukhazikitsa zosintha zokhudzana ndi kuchotsa zowonongeka, kupititsa patsogolo kumasulidwa kwapakatikati (Debian 10.1, 10.2, etc.) tsopano yathandizidwanso mwachisawawa;
• Zida zosindikizira zasinthidwa kukhala MAKAPU 2.2.10 ndi makapu-sefa 1.21.6 ndi thandizo lathunthu kwa AirPrint, DNS-SD (Bonjour) ndi IPP Kulikonse zosindikiza popanda choyamba kukhazikitsa madalaivala;
• Thandizo lowonjezera la ma board otengera ma processor a Allwinner A64, monga FriendlyARM NanoPi A64, Olimex A64-OLinuXino, TERES-A64, PINE64 PINE A64/A64/A64-LTS, SOPINE, Pinebook, SINOVOIP Banana Pi BPI-Orange M64 ndi Xun Orange Pine (Zowonjezera);
• Chiwerengero cha metapackages med-* chothandizidwa ndi gulu la Debian Med chakulitsidwa, kukulolani kuti muyike. masankhidwe a pulogalamuzokhudzana ndi biology ndi mankhwala;
• Thandizo la machitidwe a alendo a Xen mu PVH amaperekedwa;
• OpenSSL sichigwirizana ndi ma protocol a TLS 1.0 ndi 1.1; TLS 1.2 imalengezedwa ngati mtundu wocheperako wothandizidwa;
• Maphukusi ambiri akale komanso osasungidwa achotsedwa, kuphatikiza Qt 4 (Qt 5 yokha yatsala), phpmyadmin, ipsec-tools, racoon, ssmtp, ecryptfs-utils, mcelog, revelation. Debian 11 idzathetsa chithandizo cha Python 2;
• Doko lapangidwira zomanga za 64-bit RISC-V, zomwe sizimathandizidwa ndi Debian 10. Pakadali pano, za RISC-Vanasonkhanitsidwa bwino pafupifupi 90% ya chiwerengero chonse cha phukusi;
• Choyikira chodziyimira payokha chinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo a Live Zovuta yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a Qt, omwe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonzekera kukhazikitsa kwa Manjaro, Sabayon, Chakra, NetRunner, KaOS, OpenMandriva ndi KDE neon kugawa. Kukhazikitsa kokhazikika kumapitilirabe kugwiritsa ntchito debian-installer.

  Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zidalipo kale, malo amoyo okhala ndi desktop ya LXQt ndi Malo Okhazikika opanda mawonekedwe owonetsera, okhawo omwe ali ndi zida za console zomwe zimapanga maziko oyambira, adapangidwa. Malo a console Live angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukhazikitsa kugawa mwachangu kwambiri, chifukwa, mosiyana ndi zithunzi zamakonzedwe achikhalidwe, kagawo kakang'ono kamene kamakopera kamene kamakopera, osatsegula phukusi lapadera pogwiritsa ntchito dpkg.

Source: opennet.ru