Kutulutsidwa kwa kugawa kwa Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

Kampani ya Red Hat losindikizidwa kutulutsidwa kogawa Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. Misonkhano yoyikirayi yakonzedwa kuti x86_64, s390x (IBM System z), ppc64le ndi Aarch64 zomangamanga, koma zilipo chifukwa kutsitsa kwa olembetsa okha a Red Hat Customer Portal. Magwero a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 rpm phukusi amagawidwa kudzera Git repository CentOS. Kugawa kudzathandizidwa mpaka osachepera 2029.

Tekinoloje yophatikizidwa mu Fedora 28. Nthambi yatsopanoyi ndiyodziwika posinthira ku Wayland mwachisawawa, m'malo mwa iptables ndi nftables, kukonzanso zigawo zikuluzikulu (kernel 4.18, GCC 8), pogwiritsa ntchito woyang'anira phukusi la DNF m'malo mwa YUM, pogwiritsa ntchito modular repository, kutsiriza thandizo kwa KDE ndi Btrfs.

Chinsinsi kusintha:

• Kusintha kwa woyang'anira phukusi DNF ndi kuperekedwa kwa wosanjikiza kuti agwirizane ndi Yum pamlingo wa zosankha za mzere wamalamulo. Poyerekeza ndi Yum, DNF ili ndi liwiro lokwera kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira pang'ono, imayendetsa bwino kudalira ndikuthandizira kugawa mapaketi kukhala ma module;
• Amagawidwa kukhala malo oyambira a BaseOS komanso malo osungira a AppStream. BaseOS imagawira ma phukusi ochepa omwe amafunikira kuti dongosololi lizigwira ntchito; china chilichonse kukonzedwanso ku chosungira cha AppStream. AppStream itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'matembenuzidwe awiri: ngati chosungira chapamwamba cha RPM komanso ngati chosungira mumtundu wokhazikika.

  Malo osungiramo ma modular amapereka ma phukusi a rpm omwe ali m'magulu, omwe amathandizidwa mosasamala kanthu za kugawa. Ma module atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa mitundu ina ya pulogalamu inayake (mwachitsanzo, mutha kukhazikitsa PostgreSQL 9.6 kapena PostgreSQL 10). Bungwe la modular limalola wogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kutulutsa kwatsopano kwa pulogalamuyo popanda kuyembekezera kutulutsidwa kwatsopano kwa kugawa ndikukhalabe akale, koma amathandizidwabe, matembenuzidwe pambuyo pokonzanso kugawa. Ma modules amaphatikizapo ntchito yoyambira ndi malaibulale ofunikira kuti agwire ntchito (ma module ena angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kudalira);

• Zapangidwa ngati desktop yokhazikika GNOME 3.28 pogwiritsa ntchito seva yowonetsera ya Wayland mwachisawawa. Malo a X.Org Server alipo ngati njira. Maphukusi okhala ndi desktop ya KDE sanaphatikizidwe, ndikusiya chithandizo cha GNOME chokha;
• Phukusi la Linux kernel limachokera pakumasulidwa 4.18. Yayatsidwa ngati kusanja kosasintha GCC 8.2. Laibulale ya Glibc system yasinthidwa kuti itulutsidwe 2.28.
• Kukhazikitsa kosasintha kwa chilankhulo cha pulogalamu ya Python ndi Python 3.6. Thandizo lochepa la Python 2.7 limaperekedwa. Python sichikuphatikizidwa mu phukusi loyambira; iyenera kukhazikitsidwanso. Mabaibulo osinthidwa a Ruby 2.5, PHP 7.2, Perl 5.26, Node.js 10, Java 8 ndi 11, Clang/LLVM Toolset 6.0, .NET Core 2.1, Git 2.17, Mercurial 4.8, Subversion 1.10. CMake build system (3.11) ikuphatikizidwa;
• Thandizo lowonjezera pakuyika dongosolo pa ma drive a NVDIMM kwa okhazikitsa Anaconda;
• Kutha kubisa ma disks pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa LUKS2 wawonjezedwa kwa okhazikitsa ndi makina, omwe adalowa m'malo mwa mtundu wa LUKS1 womwe unkagwiritsidwa kale ntchito (mu dm-crypt ndi cryptsetup LUKS2 tsopano yaperekedwa mwachisawawa). LUKS2 ndiyodziwika chifukwa cha makina ake osavuta owongolera, kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito magawo akulu (4096 m'malo mwa 512, kumachepetsa katundu panthawi ya decryption), zozindikiritsa magawo ophiphiritsa (lembo) ndi zida zosunga zobwezeretsera metadata zomwe zimatha kuzibwezeretsanso kuchokera pakope ngati kuwonongeka kwadziwika.
• Chida chatsopano cha Wopanga chawonjezedwa, chopereka zida zopangira zithunzi zadongosolo la bootable loyenera kutumizidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana amtambo;
• Chotsani chithandizo cha fayilo ya Btrfs. The btrfs.ko kernel module, btrfs-progs utility, ndi snapper phukusi sizikuphatikizidwanso;
• Zida zidaphatikizidwa Stratis, yomwe imapereka zida zogwirizanitsa ndi kuphweka kukhazikitsa ndi kuyang'anira dziwe la ma drive amodzi kapena angapo apafupi. Stratis imakhazikitsidwa ngati wosanjikiza (stratisd daemon) yomangidwa pamwamba pa chipangizocho ndi XFS subsystem, ndipo imakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga kugawa kosungirako kwamphamvu, zithunzithunzi, kutsimikizira kukhulupirika komanso kupanga zigawo zosungira, popanda ziyeneretso za katswiri mu kasamalidwe ka dongosolo losungira;
• Ndondomeko zapadongosolo zokhazikitsa ma cryptographic subsystems zakhazikitsidwa, zomwe zikukhudza TLS, IPSec, SSH, DNSSec ndi Kerberos protocol. Pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la update-crypto-policy tsopano mukhoza kusankha imodzi
  mitundu yosankha ma cryptographic algorithms: kusakhazikika, cholowa, tsogolo ndi fips. Kutulutsa kumayatsidwa mwachisawawa Pulogalamu ya OpenSSL 1.1.1 ndi chithandizo cha TLS 1.3;

• Anapereka chithandizo chamakadi anzeru pamakina ndi HSM (Hardware Security Modules) okhala ndi PKCS#11 cryptographic tokeni;
• Ma iptables, ip6tables, arptables ndi ebtables paketi fyuluta yasinthidwa ndi ftables packet fyuluta, yomwe tsopano ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachisawawa ndipo ndi yodziwika pa kugwirizana kwa paketi zosefera mapanelo a IPv4, IPv6, ARP ndi milatho ya maukonde. Nftables imapereka mawonekedwe a generic okha, odziyimira pawokha pa protocol pamlingo wa kernel womwe umapereka ntchito zoyambira zochotsa deta m'mapaketi, kuchita ma data, ndikuwongolera kuthamanga. Zosefera zokhazokha komanso zogwirira ntchito zapadera zimaphatikizidwa mu bytecode mu malo ogwiritsira ntchito, pambuyo pake bytecode iyi imayikidwa mu kernel pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a Netlink ndikuchitidwa mu makina apadera okumbukira BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters). Daemon ya firewalld yasinthidwa kuti igwiritse ntchito nftables ngati backend yake yokhazikika. Kutembenuza malamulo akale, iptables-translate ndi ip6tables-translate zida zawonjezedwa;
• Kuwonetsetsa kulumikizana kwa netiweki pakati pa zotengera zingapo, chithandizo cha madalaivala omanga IPVLAN pafupifupi network yawonjezedwa;
• Phukusi loyambira limaphatikizapo seva ya nginx http (1.14). Apache httpd yasinthidwa kukhala 2.4.35, ndi OpenSSH kukhala 7.8p1.

  Kuchokera ku DBMS, MySQL 8.0, MariaDB 10.3, PostgreSQL 9.6/10 ndi Redis 4.0 akupezeka m'malo osungirako zinthu. DBMS ya MongoDB sinaphatikizidwe chifukwa cha kusintha pa chiphaso chatsopano cha SSPL, chomwe sichinazindikiridwe ngati chotseguka;

• Zida za virtualization zasinthidwa. Mwachikhazikitso, popanga makina enieni, mtunduwo umagwiritsidwa ntchito Q35 (ICH9 chipset emulation) mothandizidwa ndi PCI Express. Tsopano mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a Cockpit kuti mupange ndikuwongolera makina enieni. Mawonekedwe a virt-manager achotsedwa ntchito. QEMU yasinthidwa kukhala mtundu 2.12. QEMU imagwiritsa ntchito njira yodzipatula ya sandbox, yomwe imalepheretsa makinawo kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo za QEMU;
• Thandizo lowonjezera pamakina otsata a eBPF, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zida za SystemTap (4.0). Zolembazo zikuphatikizapo zothandizira kusonkhanitsa ndi kukweza mapulogalamu a BPF;
• Thandizo lowonjezera loyesera la XDP (eXpress Data Path) subsystem, yomwe imalola kuyendetsa mapulogalamu a BPF pa Linux pamlingo wa driver driver ndi kuthekera kofikira mwachindunji pakiti ya DMA buffer komanso pa siteji pomwe skbuff buffer isanagawidwe ndi stack network;
• Boom utility yawonjezedwa kuti muyang'anire zoikamo za bootloader. Boom imapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuchita zinthu monga kupanga zolemba zatsopano za boot, mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kuyambitsa kuchokera pazithunzi za LVM. Boom imangokhala ndi kuwonjezera zolemba zatsopano za boot ndipo sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusintha zomwe zilipo kale;
• Integrated lightweight toolkit yoyang'anira zotengera zapayekha, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zotengera Buildah, poyambira - pansi ndikusaka zithunzi zopangidwa kale - Skopeo;
• Maluso okhudzana ndi kusonkhanitsa akulitsidwa. The Pacemaker cluster resource manager yasinthidwa kuti ikhale 2.0. Mu zothandiza ma PC Thandizo lathunthu la Corosync 3, mawondo ndi kuyitana kwa node kumaperekedwa;
• Zolemba zakale zokhazikitsa netiweki (network-scripts) zanenedwa kuti ndi zachikale ndipo sizikuperekedwanso mwachisawawa. Kuonetsetsa kuti zimagwirizana m'mbuyo, m'malo mwa ifup ndi ifdown scripts, zomangirira zawonjezeredwa ku NetworkManager, zikugwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito nmcli;
• Zachotsedwa phukusi: crypto-utils, cvs, dmraid, chifundo, chala, gnote, gstreamer, ImageMagick, mgetty, phonon, pm-utils, rdist, ntp (m'malo mwa chrony), qemu (m'malo ndi qemu-kvm), qt (m'malo ndi qt5-qt), rsh, rt, rubygems (tsopano ikuphatikizidwa mu phukusi lalikulu la ruby), system-config-firewall, tcp_wrappers, wxGTK.
• Konzani chithunzi chapadziko lonse lapansi (UBI, Chithunzi cha Universal Base) popanga zotengera zakutali, kuphatikiza kukulolani kuti mupange zotengera zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito kamodzi. UBI imaphatikizanso malo ocheperako, owonjezera nthawi yothamanga kuti athandizire zilankhulo zamapulogalamu (nodejs, ruby, python, php, perl) ndi ma phukusi owonjezera omwe ali m'nkhokwe.

Source: opennet.ru