Kutulutsidwa kwa Node-to-Node CoPy (NNCP), gulu lazinthu zothandizira kusamutsa mafayilo, imelo, ndi malamulo oti azichita posungira ndi kutsogolo. Imathandizira kugwira ntchito pamakina ogwiritsira ntchito POSIX. Zothandizira zimalembedwa mu Go ndikugawidwa pansi pa layisensi ya GPLv3.
Magwiritsidwe ntchito awa adapangidwa kuti athandize kupanga ma netiweki ang'onoang'ono a bwenzi-kwa-bwenzi (ma node ambiri) okhala ndi njira yokhazikika yotumizira mafayilo, zopempha mafayilo, imelo, ndi zopempha zolamula kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito. Mapaketi onse otumizidwa amasungidwa kuyambira kumapeto mpaka kumapeto ndipo amatsimikiziridwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito makiyi odziwika bwino a anzawo. Kubisa anyezi (monga Tor) kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaketi onse apakati. Node iliyonse imatha kugwira ntchito ngati kasitomala kapena wolandila. Seva ndipo gwiritsani ntchito njira zonse ziwiri zoyeserera ndi zoyeserera.
NNCP imasiyana ndi mayankho a UUCP ndi FTN (FidoNet Technology Network), kuwonjezera pa kubisa ndi kutsimikizira zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, popereka chithandizo chapadera cha ma floppy-network ndi makompyuta omwe ali kutali (opanda mipata) kuchokera ku ma network osatetezeka am'deralo komanso a anthu onse. NNCP imakhalanso ndi kuphatikiza kosavuta (monga UUCP) ndi mautumiki a imelo omwe alipo pano. masevamonga Postfix ndi Exim.
Madera omwe angagwiritsire ntchito NNCP akuphatikizapo kukonza kutumiza/kulandira makalata kuzipangizo popanda kulumikizidwa kwanthawi zonse ndi intaneti, kusamutsa mafayilo mukamalumikizidwa ndi netiweki yosakhazikika, kusamutsa motetezedwa zambiri zambiri pama media apakompyuta, kupanga maukonde otumizirana ma data akutali otetezedwa ku intaneti. Kuukira kwa MitM, kudutsa kuwunika kwamaneti ndi kuyang'anira. Popeza chinsinsi cha decryption chili m'manja mwa wolandira, mosasamala kanthu kuti paketiyo imaperekedwa pa intaneti kapena kudzera muzojambula zakuthupi, munthu wachitatu sangathe kuwerenga zomwe zili mkati, ngakhale phukusilo litatsekedwa. Komanso, kutsimikizira pogwiritsa ntchito siginecha ya digito sikulola kupanga uthenga wabodza mongoyerekezera ndi wotumiza wina.
Zina mwazatsopano za NNCP 8.8.0, poyerekeza ndi nkhani zam'mbuyomu (mtundu wa 5.0.0):
- M'malo mwa BLAKE2b hash, zomwe zimatchedwa MTH: Merkle Tree-based Hashing, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito BLAKE3 hash, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana kukhulupirika kwa mafayilo. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wowerengera kukhulupirika kwa gawo lobisidwa la paketi pomwe mukutsitsa, osafunikira kuti liwerengedwe mtsogolo. Izi zimalolanso kufananiza kopanda malire kwa macheke a umphumphu.
- Zatsopano encrypted paketi mtundu ndi kwathunthu akukhamukira-wochezeka pamene kukula kwa deta sikudziwika pasadakhale. Chizindikiro cha kutha kwa kusamutsa, ndi kukula kovomerezeka, kumapita mwachindunji mkati mwa mtsinje wobisika. M'mbuyomu, kuti mudziwe kukula kwa data yomwe yasamutsidwa, kunali kofunikira kuti muyisunge ku fayilo yosakhalitsa. Chifukwa chake lamulo la "nncp-exec" lataya njira ya "-use-tmp" chifukwa ndizosafunikira.
- Ntchito za BLAKE2b KDF ndi XOF zalowedwa m'malo ndi BLAKE3 kuti achepetse ziwerengero zakale zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikusintha kachidindo.
- Tsopano ndizotheka kuzindikira ma node ena pa netiweki yakomweko kudzera pa ma multicasting ku adilesi "ff02::4e4e:4350".
- Magulu a Multicast awonekera (ofanana ndi misonkhano ya FidoNet echo kapena magulu ankhani a Usenet), kulola paketi imodzi kutumiza deta kwa mamembala angapo amagulu, pomwe aliyense amatumizanso paketi kwa ena onse osayina. Kuwerenga paketi ya multicast kumafuna kudziwa za makiyi awiriwo (muyenera kukhala membala wa gulu), koma kutumiza kumatha kuchitidwa ndi mfundo iliyonse.
- Panopa pali chithandizo chotsimikizira momveka bwino chiphaso cha paketi. Wotumizayo sangachotse paketiyo atatumiza, kuyembekezera mpaka atalandira paketi yapadera ya ACK kuchokera kwa wolandira.
- Thandizo lopangidwira pa netiweki ya Yggdrasil: ma daemoni a pa intaneti amatha kukhala ngati otenga nawo mbali pamanetiweki odziyimira pawokha, osagwiritsa ntchito ma Yggdrasil a gulu lachitatu komanso osagwira ntchito mokwanira ndi stack ya IP pamanetiweki.
- M'malo mwa zingwe zokonzedwa (RFC 3339), chipikacho chimagwiritsa ntchito zolemba za recfile, zomwe GNU Recutils zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
- Mwachidziwitso, mitu ya paketi yosungidwa imatha kusungidwa m'mafayilo osiyana mu "hdr/" subdirectory, kufulumizitsa kwambiri ntchito zopezera mndandanda wamapaketi pamafayilo okhala ndi makulidwe akulu a block, monga ZFS. M'mbuyomu, kubweza mutu wa paketi kumafunikira kungowerenga chipika cha 128KiB kuchokera pa disk mwachisawawa.
- Kuyang'ana mafayilo atsopano kutha kugwiritsa ntchito kqueue ndi inotify kernel subsystems, kupanga mafoni ochepa.
- Zothandizira zimasunga mafayilo otseguka ochepa ndikutseka ndikuwatsegulanso nthawi zambiri. Ndi maphukusi ambiri, m'mbuyomu zinali zotheka kuthamangira malire pa chiwerengero chachikulu cha mafayilo otseguka.
- Magulu ambiri adayamba kuwonetsa kupita patsogolo ndi kuthamanga kwa ntchito monga kutsitsa / kutsitsa, kukopera ndi kukonza (kuponya) phukusi.
- Lamulo la "nncp-file" silingatumize mafayilo amodzi okha, komanso maupangiri, kupanga pax archive ndi zomwe zili pa ntchentche.
- Zida zapaintaneti zitha kuyitanitsa nthawi yomweyo kuponya paketi ikatsitsidwa bwino, osagwiritsa ntchito daemon ya "nncp-toss".
- Kuyimbira pa intaneti kwa wotenga nawo mbali wina kungachitike mwakufuna osati kokha ngati chowerengera chayambika, komanso pomwe paketi yotuluka ikuwonekera mu bukhu la spool.
- Imawonetsetsa kuti ikugwira ntchito pansi pa NetBSD ndi OpenBSD OS, kuwonjezera pa FreeBSD yothandizidwa kale ndi GNU/Linux.
- "nncp-daemon" imagwirizana kwathunthu ndi mawonekedwe a UCSPI-TCP. Kuphatikizidwa ndi kuthekera kolowera ku fayilo yofotokozera (mwachitsanzo pokhazikitsa "NNCPLOG=FD:4"), ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ngati ma daemontools.
- Msonkhano wa polojekiti wasamutsidwa kwathunthu ku dongosolo lokonzanso.
Source: opennet.ru
