nthambi yatsopano yokhazikika ya zida , yomwe imapereka dongosolo lopangira maphukusi odzipangira okha omwe samamangiriridwa ku magawo ena a Linux ndikuyendetsa mu chidebe chapadera chomwe chimalekanitsa ntchito ku dongosolo lonselo. Thandizo loyendetsa phukusi la Flatpak limaperekedwa kwa Arch Linux, , Debian, Fedora, Gentoo, Mageia, Linux Mint ndi Ubuntu. Maphukusi a Flatpak akuphatikizidwa m'nkhokwe ya Fedora ndipo amathandizidwa ndi woyang'anira ntchito wa GNOME.
Chinsinsi mu nthambi ya Flatpak 1.6:
- Π Njira ya CreateUpdateMonitor yawonjezedwa, kulola mapulogalamu kuti aziyang'anira mawonekedwe a zosintha ndikupempha kukhazikitsa zosintha zomwe zasinthidwa.
Kukana chilolezo kuti pulogalamu ikhazikitse zosintha palokha, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la "flatpak chilolezo-set flatpak zosintha $APPID no" (ngati mungatchule "funsani" m'malo mwa "ayi", kukambirana kudzawonetsedwa nthawi iliyonse kutsimikizira kusintha);
- Kuti muchepetse kupanga zowongolera, laibulale ikuperekedwa
libportal, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kukonza zochitika popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji Portal API ndi ma siginecha akubwera kudzera pa D-Bus.
Libportal imapereka zigawo zosavuta za asynchronous kwa ambiri ""; - Anawonjezera chilolezo chatsopano "--socket=cups" kuti apereke mwayi wolunjika ku seva yosindikizira ya CUPS;
- Anasintha protocol ndi API kuti agwire kutsimikizika. Chotsimikizira chowonjezera cha OCI (Open Container Initiative). Thandizo lothandizira kukhazikitsa zodziwikiratu zotsimikizika kuchokera kunkhokwe yakunja ya flatpak. Wothandizira callback wawonjezedwa ku FlatpakTransaction kuti agwiritse ntchito malowedwe achinsinsi ndi mawu achinsinsi, ofanana ndi njira yotsimikizika ya HTTP;
- Thandizo lowonjezera la mapulogalamu otetezedwa ndi machitidwe omwe amafunikira kutsimikiziridwa pa boot;
- Chosanjikiza cha bubblewrap chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito potsekereza chasinthidwa kuti chituluke ;
- Thandizo lowonjezera laulamuliro wa makolo pogwiritsa ntchito laibulale , zomwe zimakulolani kuti muchepetse mwayi wopezeka pazinthu zina;
- Zowonjezera tsopano zakhazikitsidwa musanagwiritse ntchito, kukulolani kuti mupeze pulogalamu yogwira ntchito mukangomaliza kukhazikitsa;
- Zowonongeka ndi mafayilo osakhalitsa zakonzedwanso, zomwe zakhala zikuyenda bwino pakakhala kusowa kwa malo a disk omasuka;
- Kukhazikitsa lamulo ""Sikufunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito sudo;
- Kutha kukhazikitsa malo okhala akutali (sub-sandbox) kwa njira za ana awonjezedwa pama portal;
- Anawonjezera malamulo atsopano "flatpak chilolezo-set" ndi "chilolezo-chotsani" kuwongolera chilolezo;
- Njira yowonjezera "flatpak install --or-update", yomwe imasintha ngati pulogalamuyo yakhazikitsidwa kale;
- Anawonjezera lamulo la "flatpak mask" kuti mukonze mtunduwo ndikuletsa kukhazikitsa zosintha;
- Kwa zithunzi mu mawonekedwe a OCI (Open Container Initiative), chithandizo chawonjezeredwa kwa malemba omangiriza, kupanga mbiri ya kusintha kwa chithunzicho, ndikuthandizira mitundu ya docker mime, kuwonjezera pa mitundu ya mime ya OCI;
- Makiyi a zilankhulo osasintha awonjezedwa pazosintha kuti afotokoze mndandanda wa zilankhulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuwonjezera pa mndandanda wamakina.
Tikukumbutseni kuti Flatpak imathandizira opanga mapulogalamu kuti achepetse kugawa kwa mapulogalamu awo omwe sanaphatikizidwe m'malo osungira omwe amagawidwa ndi chidebe chimodzi chapadziko lonse lapansi popanda kupanga misonkhano yosiyana pakugawa kulikonse. Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito odziwa chitetezo, Flatpak imakulolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito pulogalamu yokayikitsa mu chidebe, ndikupatseni mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito maukonde ndi mafayilo ogwiritsira ntchito omwe amagwirizana ndi pulogalamuyi. Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi zatsopano, Flatpak imakulolani kuti muyike mayesero atsopano ndi kutulutsa kokhazikika kwa mapulogalamu popanda kufunikira kosintha dongosolo. Mwachitsanzo, mapaketi a Flatpak pakadali pano ali kale kwa LibreOffice, Firefox, GIMP, Inkscape, Kdenlive, Steam, 0 AD, Visual Studio Code, VLC, Slack, Skype, Telegraph Desktop, Android Studio, etc.
Kuti muchepetse kukula kwa phukusili, zimangotengera kudalira kwapadera kwa ntchito, ndipo makina oyambira ndi malaibulale azithunzi (Gtk+, Qt, GNOME ndi malaibulale a KDE, ndi zina zotero) adapangidwa ngati malo okhazikika a nthawi yothamanga. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa Flatpak ndi Snap ndikuti Snap imagwiritsa ntchito zigawo za malo akuluakulu a dongosolo ndi kudzipatula pogwiritsa ntchito mafoni a machitidwe, pamene Flatpak imapanga chidebe chosiyana ndi dongosolo ndipo imagwira ntchito ndi seti yaikulu ya nthawi yothamanga, osapereka phukusi monga kudalira, koma muyezo. madera ena (mwachitsanzo, malaibulale onse ofunikira kuti agwiritse ntchito mapulogalamu a GNOME kapena KDE).
Kuwonjezera muyezo dongosolo chilengedwe (runtime), anaika mwa wapadera , zodalira zina (mtolo) wofunikira kuti pulogalamuyo igwire ntchito imaperekedwa. Pazonse, nthawi yothamanga ndi mtolo zimapanga kudzazidwa kwa chidebecho, ngakhale kuti nthawi yothamanga imayikidwa padera ndikumangiriridwa kuzinthu zingapo nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wopewa kubwereza mafayilo amachitidwe omwe amafanana ndi zotengera. Dongosolo limodzi litha kukhala ndi nthawi zingapo zoyikira (GNOME, KDE) kapena mitundu ingapo ya nthawi yomweyo (GNOME 3.26, GNOME 3.28). Chidebe chokhala ndi pulogalamu ngati chodalira chimagwiritsa ntchito kumangirira ku nthawi yeniyeni, osaganizira za phukusi lomwe limapanga nthawi yothamanga. Zinthu zonse zomwe zikusowa zimayikidwa mwachindunji ndi pulogalamuyi. Chidebe chikapangidwa, zomwe zili mu nthawi yothamanga zimayikidwa ngati gawo la / usr, ndipo mtolo umayikidwa mu / app directory.
Kudzazidwa kwa nthawi yothamanga ndi zotengera zogwiritsira ntchito kumapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo , momwe chithunzicho chimasinthidwa mwa atomiki kuchokera kumalo osungiramo a Git, omwe amakulolani kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolerera pazigawo zagawidwe (mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kubweza mwamsanga dongosolo ku chikhalidwe cham'mbuyo). Maphukusi a RPM amamasuliridwa kumalo osungirako a OSTree pogwiritsa ntchito wosanjikiza wapadera . Kuyika kosiyana ndi kusinthidwa kwa phukusi mkati mwa malo ogwira ntchito sikuthandizidwa; dongosololi limasinthidwa osati pamlingo wa zigawo za munthu, koma zonse, kusintha mkhalidwe wake. Amapereka zida zogwiritsira ntchito zosintha mochulukira, ndikuchotsa kufunika kosinthiratu chithunzicho ndikusintha kulikonse.
Chilengedwe chodzipatula chokhacho chimakhala chodziyimira pawokha pazogawika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo ndi zoikamo zoyenerera, sizitha kupeza mafayilo ndi njira za wogwiritsa ntchito kapena dongosolo lalikulu, silingathe kulumikiza zidazo, kupatula zotulutsa kudzera pa DRI, ndi network subsystem. Kutulutsa kwazithunzi ndi bungwe lolowera pogwiritsa ntchito protocol ya Wayland kapena kudzera pa X11 socket forwarding. Kuyanjana ndi chilengedwe chakunja kumachokera ku mauthenga a DBus ndi ma Portals API apadera. Kwa insulation cholumikizira ndi matekinoloje achikhalidwe a Linux otengera kugwiritsa ntchito magulu, malo a mayina, Seccomp ndi SELinux. PulseAudio imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa mawu.
Source: opennet.ru