Zolepheretsa chitukuko cha kupanga semiconductor sizifanananso ndi zotchinga, koma makoma aatali. Ndipo komabe makampaniwa akupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono, kutsatira umboni wotsimikizika womwe unachitika zaka 55 zapitazo. . Ngakhale ndikusungitsa, kuchuluka kwa ma transistors mu tchipisi kumapitilira kuwirikiza kawiri zaka ziwiri zilizonse.
Kuti musakhale opanda maziko ndi ma analytics a IC Insights pa msika wa semiconductor mu 2020. Lipotili likuphatikizapo mbiri ya chitukuko cha misika yaikulu kuyambira 71: DRAM memory, NAND flash memory, microprocessors ndi graphics processors.
Ofufuza akuwona kuti pazaka 10 mpaka 15 zapitazi, zinthu monga kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso kuchepa kwa makulitsidwe zayamba kukhudza kwambiri kukula kwa kuchuluka kwa ma transistors muzinthu zina zophatikizika. Koma kawirikawiri, zochitika zatsopano ndi njira zatsopano zopangira ndi kupanga tchipisi zimatilola kudalira kupitirizabe kusunga malamulo a Moore.
Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa ma transistors mu tchipisi ta kukumbukira kwa DRAM kudakwera pafupifupi pafupifupi 2000% pachaka koyambirira kwa 45s, koma kwatsika mpaka 2016% pachaka kuyambira 20 pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa makhiristo a 16-Gbit kuchokera ku Samsung. Muyezo wa DDR5, womwe ukumalizidwabe ndi JEDEC, uphatikiza zida za monolithic zomwe zili ndi mphamvu za 24 Gbit, 32 Gbit ndi 64 Gbit, komwe ndikupita patsogolo kwatsopano.
Kukula kwapachaka kwa kachulukidwe ka kukumbukira kwa flash kunakhalabe pa 2012-55% pachaka mpaka 60, koma kuyambira pamenepo kwatsika mpaka 30-35% pachaka. Kwa tchipisi ta pulani ya flash memory, kachulukidwe kwambiri anali 128 Gbit (deta kuyambira Januware 2020). Koma kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka chipangizo cha 3D NAND chinafika ku 1,33 Tbit kwa 96-wosanjikiza kukumbukira ndi ma bits anayi pa selo (QLC). Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka, 1,5 Tbit 128-wosanjikiza ma microcircuits alonjezedwa kuti adzawonekera, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu kwa 2 Tbit.
Chiwerengero cha ma transistors mu Intel PC microprocessors chinakula pafupifupi 2010% pachaka mpaka 40, koma m'zaka zotsatila chiwerengerochi chatsika ndi theka. Chiwerengero cha ma transistors chikupitilira kukula mu ma processor a seva akampani. Kukula kumeneku kudayima pakati mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, koma kunayambiranso pamlingo wa 25% pachaka. Intel idasiya kuwulula zambiri za transistor count mu 2017.
Chiwerengero cha ma transistors mu ma processor a Apple mu mafoni a m'manja a iPhone ndi mapiritsi a iPad chakwera ndi 2013% pachaka kuyambira 43. Chiwerengerochi chikuphatikizanso zambiri za purosesa ya A13 yokhala ndi ma transistors 8,5 biliyoni. Apple ikuyembekezeka kubweretsa iPad Pro yoyendetsedwa ndi purosesa yatsopano ya A2020X mu theka loyamba la 13.
Ma GPU apamwamba kwambiri a NVIDIA ali ndi ma transistor apamwamba kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi ma microprocessors, ma GPU, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri a zomangamanga, sakhala ndi kukumbukira kwa cache, kusiya malo ambiri omveka (transistors). Kampaniyo ikupitilira kuyang'ana kwambiri pakuphunzira pamakina ndi ma accelerator a AI amangowonjezera izi.
Source: 3dnews.ru