"Dzimbiri ndiye tsogolo la pulogalamu yamapulogalamu, C ndiye wosonkhanitsa watsopano" - zolankhula za m'modzi mwa akatswiri otsogola a Intel.

Pamsonkhano waposachedwa wa Open Source Technology Summi (OSTS) Josh Triplett, injiniya wamkulu ku Intel, adati kampani yake ili ndi chidwi ndi Rust kufika "parity" ndi chinenero cha C chomwe chimalamulirabe machitidwe ndi chitukuko chochepa posachedwapa. M'mawu ake Pansi pamutu wakuti "Intel ndi Rust: Tsogolo la Mapulogalamu a Systems," adalankhulanso za mbiri yakale yamapulogalamu, momwe C idakhalira chilankhulo chokhazikika pamapulogalamu, ndi zinthu ziti za Rust zomwe zimapatsa mwayi kuposa C, komanso momwe zingakhalire kwathunthu. m'malo C mu gawo la mapulogalamu.

Kukonzekera kwadongosolo ndi chitukuko ndi kasamalidwe ka mapulogalamu omwe amakhala ngati nsanja yopangira mapulogalamu ogwiritsira ntchito, kuonetsetsa kuti omalizawo akugwirizana ndi purosesa, RAM, zipangizo zolowetsa / zotulutsa ndi zipangizo zamakina. Pulogalamu yamakina imapanga mawonekedwe apadera mwa mawonekedwe olumikizirana omwe amathandizira kupanga mapulogalamu ogwiritsira ntchito popanda kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane momwe hardware imagwirira ntchito.

Triplett mwiniwake amatanthauzira mapulogalamu ngati "chilichonse chomwe sichiri ntchito." Zimaphatikizapo zinthu monga BIOS, firmware, bootloaders ndi makina opangira opaleshoni, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma code otsika otsika, ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito makina. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti Triplett amakhulupirira kuti msakatuli ndi pulogalamu yamapulogalamu, popeza msakatuli wakhala kale kuposa "pulogalamu", kukhala "nsanja ya mawebusaiti ndi mapulogalamu a pa intaneti"

M'mbuyomu, mapulogalamu ambiri, kuphatikizapo BIOS, bootloaders ndi firmware, adalembedwa m'chinenero cha msonkhano. M'zaka za m'ma 1960, kuyesa kunayamba kupereka chithandizo cha hardware zinenero zapamwamba, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zilankhulo zipangidwe monga PL/S, BLISS, BCPL, ndi ALGOL 68.

Kenako, m'ma 1970, Dennis Ritchie adapanga chilankhulo cha C cha pulogalamu ya Unix. Anapangidwa m'chinenero cha pulogalamu ya B, chomwe chinalibe ngakhale chothandizira cholembera, C inadzazidwa ndi ntchito zamphamvu zapamwamba zomwe zinali zoyenera kwambiri polemba machitidwe ogwira ntchito ndi madalaivala. Zigawo zingapo za UNIX, kuphatikizapo kernel yake, pamapeto pake zinalembedwanso mu C. Pambuyo pake, mapulogalamu ena ambiri, kuphatikizapo database ya Oracle, zambiri za Windows source code, ndi Linux operating system, zinalembedwanso mu C.

C walandira thandizo lalikulu mbali iyi. Koma ndi chiyani chomwe chinapangitsa opanga madivelopa kusintha? Triplett amakhulupirira kuti pofuna kulimbikitsa otukula kusintha chinenero china kupita ku china, omaliza ayenera kupereka zatsopano popanda kutaya zinthu zakale.

Choyamba, chinenerocho chiyenera kupereka "zochititsa chidwi" zatsopano. “Sangakhale wabwinoko ayi. Ziyenera kukhala bwino kwambiri kulungamitsa khama ndi nthawi ya uinjiniya zomwe zimatengera kusintha, "akufotokoza motero. Poyerekeza ndi chinenero cha msonkhano, C anali ndi zinthu zambiri zoti apereke. Zinathandizira machitidwe otetezeka amtundu wina, zinapereka kusuntha kwabwinoko ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi zomanga zapamwamba, ndipo zidapanga ma code owerengeka ambiri.

Kachiwiri, chinenerocho chiyenera kupereka chithandizo kuzinthu zakale, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti m'mbiri ya kusintha kwa C, omanga amayenera kuonetsetsa kuti sichikugwira ntchito mofanana ndi chinenero cha msonkhano. Triplett akufotokoza kuti: “Chinenero chatsopano sichingakhale chabwinoko, chiyeneranso kukhala chabwino.” Kuphatikiza pa kufulumira komanso kuthandizira mtundu uliwonse wa data womwe chinenero cha msonkhano chingagwiritse ntchito, C analinso ndi zomwe Triplett anazitcha "esscape hatch" - zomwe zimathandizira kuyika chilankhulo cha msonkhano mkati mwake.

Triplett akukhulupirira kuti C tsopano ikukhala momwe chinenero cha msonkhano chinali zaka zambiri zapitazo. "C ndiye wosonkhanitsa watsopano," akutero. Tsopano okonza akuyang'ana chinenero chatsopano chapamwamba chomwe sichidzangothetsa mavuto omwe apezeka mu C omwe sangathenso kukhazikitsidwa, komanso amapereka zinthu zatsopano zosangalatsa. Chilankhulo choterechi chiyenera kukhala chokakamiza mokwanira kuti opanga asinthe, ayenera kukhala otetezeka, kupereka kasamalidwe ka kukumbukira, ndi zina zambiri.

"Chilankhulo chilichonse chomwe chimafuna kukhala chabwino kuposa C chiyenera kupereka zambiri kuposa kungoteteza kusefukira kwachitetezo ngati chikufuna kukhala njira yokakamiza. Madivelopa ali ndi chidwi ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi magwiridwe antchito, kulemba ma code omwe amadzifotokozera okha komanso amagwira ntchito zambiri m'mizere yocheperako. Nkhani zachitetezo ziyeneranso kuthetsedwa. Kusavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kuchita bwino kumayendera limodzi. Kachidindo kakang'ono kamene muyenera kulemba kuti mukwaniritse chinachake, mumakhala ndi mwayi wochepa wolakwitsa, zokhudzana ndi chitetezo kapena ayi, "akufotokoza Triplett.

Kuyerekeza kwa Rust ndi C

Kubwerera ku 2006, Graydon Hoare, wogwira ntchito ku Mozilla, adayamba kulemba Rust ngati ntchito yake. Ndipo mu 2009, Mozilla adayamba kuthandizira chitukuko cha dzimbiri pazosowa zake, komanso adakulitsa gululo kuti apititse patsogolo chilankhulocho.

Chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe Mozilla anali nazo chidwi ndi chilankhulo chatsopanocho ndikuti Firefox idalembedwa m'mizere yopitilira 4 miliyoni ya C++ code ndipo inali ndi zovuta zingapo. Dzimbiri idamangidwa ndi chitetezo komanso mgwirizano m'malingaliro, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chabwino cholemberanso zigawo zambiri za Firefox monga gawo la polojekiti ya Quantum kuti mukonzenso kamangidwe ka msakatuli. Mozilla ikugwiritsanso ntchito Rust kupanga Servo, injini yomasulira ya HTML yomwe pamapeto pake idzalowa m'malo mwa injini yapano ya Firefox. Makampani ena ambiri ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito Rust pamapulojekiti awo, kuphatikiza Microsoft, Google, Facebook, Amazon, Dropbox, Fastly, Chef, Baidu ndi ena ambiri.

Dzimbiri limathetsa vuto limodzi lofunika kwambiri la chilankhulo cha C. Limapereka kasamalidwe ka kukumbukira zokha kotero kuti opanga sayenera kugawira pamanja ndikugawa chinthu chilichonse mukugwiritsa ntchito. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa Rust ndi zilankhulo zina zamakono ndikuti ilibe zotayira zinyalala zomwe zimangochotsa zinthu zosagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtima, komanso sizikhala ndi nthawi yothamanga yomwe ikufunika kuti igwire ntchito, monga Java Runtime Environment for Java. M'malo mwake, Dzimbiri ili ndi malingaliro a umwini, kubwereka, maumboni, ndi moyo wonse. “Dzimbiri ili ndi njira yolengeza mafoni ku chinthu kusonyeza ngati mwini wake akuchigwiritsa ntchito kapena kungobwereka. Ngati mungobwereka chinthu, wopangayo amasunga izi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti choyambiriracho chikhalabe m'malo malinga ngati mukuchitchula. Dzimbiri liwonetsetsanso kuti chinthucho chimachotsedwa pamtima chikangotha ​​kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikuyika foni yofananira mu code panthawi yophatikiza popanda nthawi yowonjezera, "atero a Triplett.

Kusowa kwa nthawi yothamangira komweko kumathanso kuonedwa ngati chinthu chabwino cha Dzimbiri. Triplett amakhulupirira kuti zilankhulo zomwe amazigwiritsa ntchito ndizovuta kugwiritsa ntchito ngati zida zamapulogalamu. Monga akufotokozera: "Muyenera kuyambitsa nthawi yothamangayi musanayimbe nambala iliyonse, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yothamangayi kuti muyitane ntchito, ndipo nthawi yothamanga yokha ikhoza kuyendetsa nambala yowonjezera kumbuyo kwanu nthawi zosayembekezereka."

Dzimbiri imayesetsanso kupereka mapulogalamu otetezeka ofanana. Zomwezo zomwe zimapangitsa kukumbukira kukhala kotetezeka zimasunga zinthu monga ulusi womwe uli ndi chinthu ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kudutsa pakati pa ulusi ndi zomwe zimafunikira loko.

Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti dzimbiri likhale lokakamiza kwa opanga kuti asankhe ngati chida chatsopano cha mapulogalamu. Komabe, pankhani ya computing yofanana, Rust akadali kumbuyo pang'ono C.

Triplett ikufuna kupanga gulu lapadera logwira ntchito lomwe lidzayang'ane kwambiri pakubweretsa zofunikira mu Rust kuti athe kufanana, kupitilira ndikulowa m'malo mwa C pantchito yamapulogalamu. MU ulusi pa Reddit, wodzipereka ku zolankhula zake, adanena kuti "gulu la FFI / C Parity lili mkati mwa chilengedwe ndipo silinayambe kugwira ntchito," pakuti tsopano ali wokonzeka kuyankha mafunso aliwonse, ndipo m'tsogolomu adzafalitsa ndondomeko zachangu. pa chitukuko cha Rust monga gawo la ntchito yake kwa onse omwe ali ndi chidwi.

Titha kuganiziridwa kuti gulu la FFI/C Parity liyamba kuyang'ana kwambiri pakuwongolera chithandizo chamitundu yambiri ku Rust, kuyambitsa chithandizo cha BFLOAT16, mawonekedwe oyandama omwe adawonekera mu purosesa yatsopano ya Intel Xeon Scalable, komanso kukhazikika kwa msonkhano. zizindikiro za code.

Source: 3dnews.ru