M'makampani, magetsi opitilira 60% amadyedwa ndi ma asynchronous ma drive amagetsi - popopera, kompresa, mpweya wabwino ndi kukhazikitsa kwina. Ichi ndi injini yosavuta, choncho yotsika mtengo komanso yodalirika kwambiri.
Njira yaukadaulo yazinthu zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale imafuna kusintha kosinthika pa liwiro la kasinthasintha wa ma actuators aliwonse. Chifukwa cha chitukuko chofulumira cha umisiri wamagetsi ndi makompyuta, komanso chikhumbo chofuna kuchepetsa kutayika kwa magetsi, zida zawonekera pofuna kuwongolera ndalama zamagetsi zamagetsi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. M'nkhaniyi tikambirana momwe tingatsimikizire kuti kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri kwa galimoto yamagetsi. Kugwira ntchito pakampani (kampani gulu ), ndikuwona kuti makasitomala athu akuyang'anitsitsa kwambiri mphamvu zamagetsi
Mphamvu zambiri zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndi kukonza zomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita ntchito zina zamakina. Kuyendetsa matupi ogwirira ntchito amitundu yosiyanasiyana yopangira ndiukadaulo, ma mota amagetsi asynchronous okhala ndi squirrel-cage rotor amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri (m'tsogolomu tidzakambirana za mtundu uwu wamagetsi amagetsi). Galimoto yamagetsi yokha, makina ake owongolera ndi makina opangira makina omwe amasuntha kuchokera ku shaft yamoto kupita ku makina opanga amapanga makina oyendetsa magetsi.
Kukhalapo kwa kutayika kochepa kwa magetsi mu ma windings chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.
Kupatula apo, njira zowongolera injini zinalipo kale ndipo zikadalipo:
- kuwongolera pafupipafupi kwa rheostatic poyambitsa kukana kowonjezereka mumayendedwe ozungulira ma mota, motsatizana motsatizana ndi ma contactor;
- kusintha kwa voteji pa stator terminals, pamene mafupipafupi a voteji yotere amakhala osasinthasintha komanso ofanana ndi mafupipafupi a ma network a AC mafakitale;
- kuwongolera masitepe posintha kuchuluka kwa ma polea awiri a stator yokhotakhota.
Koma njira izi ndi zina pafupipafupi malamulo kunyamula drawback waukulu - kwambiri zotayika mphamvu ya magetsi, ndi sitepe lamulo, ndi tanthauzo, si kusinthasintha njira zokwanira.
Kodi zotayika ndi zosapeweka?
Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane za kuwonongeka kwa magetsi komwe kumachitika mu asynchronous electric motor.
Kugwira ntchito kwa galimoto yamagetsi kumadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi ndi makina.
Kuchuluka kwa magetsi kumaphatikizapo:
- magetsi magetsi,
- mphamvu yamoto,
- maginito,
- electromotive mphamvu (EMF).
Kuchuluka kwamakina ndi:
- liwiro lozungulira n (rpm),
- torque yozungulira M (N-m) ya injini,
- mphamvu yamakina ya mota yamagetsi P (W), yotsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wa torque ndi liwiro lozungulira: P = (Mβ’n)/(9,55).
Kutanthawuza kuthamanga kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kagwiritsidwe Pali ubale wotsatirawu pakati pa liwiro la angular Ο ndi ma frequency ozungulira n:
poganizira zomwe fomula ili ndi mawonekedwe:
Kudalira kwa torque ya injini M pa liwiro lozungulira la rotor n kumatchedwa mawonekedwe amagetsi amagetsi amagetsi. Zindikirani kuti makina asynchronous akamagwira ntchito, zomwe zimatchedwa mphamvu yamagetsi zimaperekedwa kuchokera ku stator kupita ku rotor kudzera mumpata wa mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lamagetsi:
Gawo la mphamvuyi limaperekedwa ku shaft ya rotor mu mawonekedwe a mphamvu zamakina molingana ndi kufotokozera (2), ndipo zina zonse zimatulutsidwa mu mawonekedwe a zotayika mu zotsutsana zogwira ntchito za magawo atatu a dera la rotor.
Zotayika izi, zomwe zimatchedwa magetsi, ndizofanana ndi:
Choncho, kutayika kwa magetsi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi square of panopa kudutsa ma windings.
Iwo amatsimikiziridwa kwambiri ndi katundu wa asynchronous motor. Mitundu ina yonse ya zotayika, kupatula zamagetsi, zimasintha kwambiri ndi katundu.
Choncho, tiyeni tione mmene kutayika kwa magetsi kwa injini ya asynchronous kumasintha pamene liwiro lozungulira likuyendetsedwa.
Kuwonongeka kwamagetsi molunjika pakuyenda kwa rotor kwa injini yamagetsi kumatulutsidwa ngati kutentha mkati mwa makinawo ndikuzindikira kutentha kwake. Mwachiwonekere, kutayika kwakukulu kwa magetsi mu dera la rotor, kutsika kwa injini ya injini, kumapangitsa kuti ntchito yake ikhale yochepa kwambiri.
Poganizira kuti kutayika kwa stator kuli pafupifupi molingana ndi kutayika kwa rotor, chikhumbo chochepetsera kuwonongeka kwa magetsi mu rotor ndichomveka kwambiri. Njira imeneyo yoyendetsera liwiro la injini ndi yachuma, momwe zotayika zamagetsi mu rotor ndizochepa.
Kuchokera pakuwunika kwa mawuwa kumatsatira kuti njira yachuma kwambiri yowongolera ma motors ili pa liwiro la rotor pafupi ndi synchronous.
Magalimoto Osiyanasiyana Osiyanasiyana
Kuyika monga ma variable-frequency drives (VFDs), amatchedwanso ma frequency converters (FCs) ). Zokonda izi zimakulolani kuti musinthe mafupipafupi ndi matalikidwe a voteji ya magawo atatu omwe amaperekedwa ku galimoto yamagetsi, chifukwa chake kusintha kosinthika kwa njira zoyendetsera ntchito kumatheka.
High Voltage Variable Frequency Drive
Chithunzi cha VFD
Pano pali kufotokoza mwachidule alipo pafupipafupi converters.
Mwadongosolo, chosinthiracho chimakhala ndi midadada yogwirizana ndi ntchito: chotchinga chosinthira cholowetsa (transformer cabinet); inverter yamitundu yambiri (inverter cabinet) ndi dongosolo lolamulira ndi chitetezo chokhala ndi chidziwitso chothandizira ndikuwonetsa unit (control and protection cabinet).
Kabati yosinthira thiransifoma imasamutsa mphamvu kuchokera kumagetsi a magawo atatu kupita ku thiransifoma yamitundu yambiri, yomwe imagawa voteji yochepetsedwa kupita ku inverter yamitundu yambiri.
Multilevel inverter imakhala ndi maselo ogwirizana - otembenuza. Kuchuluka kwa maselo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kapangidwe kake ndi wopanga. Selo lililonse lili ndi cholumikizira ndi cholumikizira cha DC chokhala ndi inverter yamagetsi yamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito ma transistors amakono a IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor). Kulowetsa kwa AC panopa kumakonzedwanso kenako kumasinthidwa kukhala ma frequency osinthika ndi ma voltages pogwiritsa ntchito inverter yolimba.
Magwero omwe amayendetsedwa mosinthasintha amalumikizidwa motsatizana kukhala maulalo, ndikupanga gawo lamagetsi. Kupanga kwamagawo atatu amagetsi opangira mphamvu yama asynchronous motor kumachitika ndikulumikiza maulalo molingana ndi dera la "STAR".
Dongosolo loyang'anira chitetezo lili mu kabati yoyang'anira ndi chitetezo ndipo imayimiridwa ndi gulu la microprocessor multifunctional lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zamagetsi kuchokera kugwero lamphamvu la chosinthira, chida cholowera / chotulutsa chidziwitso ndi masensa oyambira amagetsi osinthira magetsi.
Kupulumutsa mphamvu: kuwerengera limodzi
Kutengera ndi zomwe zaperekedwa ndi Mitsubishi Electric, tiwunika mphamvu zopulumutsa mphamvu poyambitsa ma frequency converter.
Choyamba, tiyeni tiwone momwe mphamvu imasinthira pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yowongolera injini:
Tsopano tiyeni tipereke chitsanzo cha kuwerengetsa.
Mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi: 96,5%;
Kusinthasintha pafupipafupi kuyendetsa bwino: 97%;
Mphamvu ya shaft ya fan pa voliyumu yadzina: 1100 kW;
Makhalidwe amafani: H=1,4 p.u pa Q=0;
Nthawi yonse yogwira ntchito pachaka: 8000 h.
Mitundu yogwiritsira ntchito mafani malinga ndi ndandanda:
Kuchokera pa graph timapeza zotsatirazi:
100% kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya - 20% ya nthawi yogwira ntchito pachaka;
70% kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya - 50% ya nthawi yogwira ntchito pachaka;
50% kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya - 30% nthawi yogwira ntchito pachaka.
Kusungirako pakati pa opareshoni pa katundu wovoteledwa ndi kugwira ntchito ndikutha kuwongolera liwiro lagalimoto (ntchito molumikizana ndi VFD) ndizofanana:
7 kWh/chaka - 446 kWh/chaka= 400 kWh/chaka
Tiyeni tiganizire za mtengo wamagetsi wofanana ndi 1 kWh / 5,5 rubles. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mtengowo umatengedwa molingana ndi gulu loyamba lamtengo wapatali komanso mtengo wapakati wamakampani amodzi a Primorsky Territory mu 2019.
Tiyeni tipeze ndalamazo motengera ndalama:
3 kWh/chaka *600 rub/kWh= 000 rub/chaka
Mchitidwe wogwiritsa ntchito mapulojekiti oterowo umalola, poganizira mtengo wa ntchito ndi kukonza, komanso mtengo wa otembenuza pafupipafupi okha, kuti akwaniritse nthawi yobwezera yazaka zitatu.
Monga momwe ziwerengero zikuwonetsera, palibe kukayikira za kuthekera kwachuma poyambitsa ma VFD. Komabe, zotsatira za kukhazikitsidwa kwawo sizimangokhala pachuma chokha. VFDs imayamba bwino injini, ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kuvala kwake, koma ndilankhula za izi nthawi ina.
Source: www.habr.com