SCADA pa Rasipiberi: nthano kapena zenizeni?

Zima Zikubwera. Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) pang'onopang'ono amasinthidwa ndi makompyuta ophatikizidwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti mphamvu zamakompyuta zimalola kuti chipangizo chimodzi chiphatikizepo magwiridwe antchito a wowongolera omwe angakonzedwe, seva, komanso (ngati chipangizocho chili ndi HDMI linanena bungwe) komanso malo ogwirira ntchito odzichitira okha. Chiwerengero: Seva yapaintaneti, gawo la OPC, nkhokwe ndi malo ogwirira ntchito limodzi, ndipo zonsezi pamtengo wa PLC imodzi.

M'nkhaniyi tiona kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta ophatikizidwa otere m'makampani. Tiyeni titenge chipangizo chozikidwa pa Rasipiberi Pi ngati maziko, sitepe ndi sitepe fotokozani njira yokhazikitsira pulogalamu yaulere ya Open Source SCADA ya kapangidwe ka Russia pa iyo - Rapid SCADA, ndikupanganso pulojekiti yamakanema osamveka, ntchito za zomwe zikuphatikizapo kulamulira kwakutali kwa compressor ndi ma valve atatu, komanso kuwonetseratu njira zamakono zopangira mpweya woponderezedwa.

Tiyeni nthawi yomweyo tisungire malo kuti vutoli litha kuthetsedwa m'njira ziwiri. Mwachikhazikitso, iwo samasiyana wina ndi mzake mwanjira iliyonse, funso lokhalo ndilo gawo lokongola komanso lothandiza. Choncho, tiyenera:

1.1 Njira yoyamba ikutanthauza kukhalapo kwa Raspberry Pi 2/3/4 yokha, komanso kukhalapo kwa chosinthira cha USB-to-RS485 (chotchedwa "mluzu", chomwe chitha kuyitanidwa kuchokera ku Alliexpress).

Chithunzi 1 - Rasipiberi Pi 2 ndi USB kupita ku RS485 converter

1.2 Njira yachiwiri ikuphatikiza yankho lililonse lopangidwa mokonzeka kutengera Rasipiberi, lomwe limalimbikitsidwa kuti liyike m'malo ogulitsa mafakitale okhala ndi madoko a RS485 omangidwa. Mwachitsanzo, monga chithunzi 2, kutengera Raspberry CM3 + module.

Chithunzi 2 - Chipangizo cha AndexGate

2. Chipangizo chokhala ndi Modbus pamakaundula angapo owongolera;

3. Mawindo PC kukonza polojekiti.

Magawo achitukuko:

1. Gawo I. Kuyika Rapid SCADA pa Rasipiberi;
2. Gawo II. Kuyika kwa Rapid SCADA pa Windows;
3. Gawo III. Kupititsa patsogolo polojekiti ndikutsitsa ku chipangizocho;
4. Zotsatira.

Gawo I. Kuyika Rapid SCADA pa Raspberry

1. Lembani mawonekedwe pa tsamba la Rapid Scada kuti mupeze kugawa ndikutsitsa mtundu waposachedwa wa Linux.

2. Unzip owona dawunilodi ndi kukopera "scada" chikwatu kwa chikwatu / opt zipangizo.

3. Ikani zolembedwa zitatu kuchokera mufoda ya "daemons" mu bukhulo /etc/init.d

4. Timapereka mwayi wofikira kumafoda atatu ogwiritsira ntchito:

sudo chmod -R ugo+rwx /opt/scada/ScadaWeb/config
sudo chmod -R ugo+rwx /opt/scada/ScadaWeb/log
sudo chmod -R ugo+rwx /opt/scada/ScadaWeb/storage

⠀ 5. Kupanga scripts kukwaniritsidwa:

sudo chmod +x /opt/scada/make_executable.sh
sudo /opt/scada/make_executable.sh

⠀ 6. Onjezani nkhokwe:

sudo apt install apt-transport-https dirmngr gnupg ca-certificates
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF
echo "deb https://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian stable-stretch main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-official-stable.list
sudo apt update

⠀ 7. Ikani Mono .NET Framework:

sudo apt-get install mono-complete

⠀ 8. Ikani seva ya Apache HTTP:

sudo apt-get install apache2

⠀ 9. Ikani ma module owonjezera:

sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-mono mono-apache-server4

⠀ 10. Pangani ulalo wa pulogalamu yapaintaneti:

sudo ln -s /opt/scada/ScadaWeb /var/www/html/scada

⠀ 11. Koperani fayilo kuchokera pankhokwe yomwe idatsitsidwa mufoda ya "apache". scada.conf ku directory / etc / apache2 / masamba omwe alipo

sudo a2ensite scada.conf

⠀ 12. Tiyeni titsike njira iyi sudo nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf ndikuwonjezera zotsatirazi kumapeto kwa fayilo:

<Directory /var/www/html/scada/>
  <FilesMatch ".(xml|log|bak)$">
    Require all denied
  </FilesMatch>
</Directory>

⠀ 13. Pangani script:

sudo /opt/scada/svc_install.sh

⠀ 14. Yambitsaninso Raspberry:

sudo reboot

⠀ 15. Kutsegula tsamba:

http://IP-адрес устройства/scada

⠀ 16. Pazenera lomwe limatsegulidwa, lowetsani malowedwe anu "Admin" ndi password "12345".

Gawo II. Kuyika Rapid SCADA pa Windows

Kuyika kwa Rapid SCADA pa Windows kudzafunika kukonza Rasipiberi ndi kasinthidwe ka polojekiti. Mwachidziwitso, mutha kuchita izi pa rasipiberi palokha, koma thandizo laukadaulo lidatilangiza kuti tigwiritse ntchito malo otukuka pa Windows, chifukwa imagwira bwino ntchito pano kuposa pa Linux.

Kotero tiyeni tiyambe:

1. Timakonzanso Microsoft .NET Framework ku mtundu waposachedwa;
2. Kutsitsa zida zogawa Rapid SCADA ya Windows ndikuyika popanda intaneti;
3. Tsegulani pulogalamu ya "Administrator". M'menemo tidzakhazikitsa polojekiti yokha.

Mukamapanga, muyenera kulabadira mfundo zina:

1. Kuwerengera kwa kaundula mu dongosolo la SCADA kumayambira pa adilesi 1, motero tidayenera kuchulukitsa manambala a kaundula wathu ndi imodzi. Kwa ife ndi: 512 + 1 ndi zina zotero:

Chithunzi 3 - Kuwerengera kwa zolembetsa mu Rapid SCADA (chithunzi chodina)

2. Kuti mukonzenso maulamuliro ndikuyika pulojekitiyo moyenera pa makina opangira a Linux, pazokonda muyenera kupita ku "Seva" -> "Zikhazikiko Zazikulu" ndikudina batani la "For Linux":

Chithunzi 4 - Kukonzanso maupangiri mu Rapid SCADA (chithunzi chodina)

3. Fotokozani malo oponya voti a Modbus RTU mofanana ndi momwe amafotokozera mu Linux dongosolo la chipangizocho. Kwa ife zili choncho /dev/ttyUSB0

Chithunzi 5 - Kukonzanso maupangiri mu Rapid SCADA (chithunzi chodina)

Ngati muli ndi mafunso, malangizo onse owonjezera owonjezera angapezeke kuchokera tsamba la kampani kapena pa iwo youtube channel.

Gawo III. Kupititsa patsogolo polojekiti ndikutsitsa ku chipangizocho

Kupititsa patsogolo ndi kuwonetsetsa kwa polojekitiyi kumapangidwa mwachindunji mu msakatuli wokha. Izi sizodziwika kwathunthu pambuyo pa makina a SCADA apakompyuta, koma ndizofala kwambiri.

Payokha, ndikufuna kuti ndizindikire magawo ochepa a zinthu zowonera (Chithunzi 6). Zomwe zimapangidwira zimaphatikizapo LED, batani, chosinthira chosinthira, ulalo ndi cholozera. Komabe, kuphatikiza kwakukulu ndikuti dongosolo la SCADA limathandizira zithunzi ndi zolemba zamphamvu. Ndi chidziwitso chochepa cha okonza zithunzi (Corel, Adobe Photoshop, etc.), mutha kupanga malaibulale anu azithunzi, zinthu ndi mawonekedwe, ndikuthandizira zinthu za GIF kumakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera makanema ojambula pamawonekedwe aukadaulo.

Chithunzi 6 - Zida zosinthira dongosolo mu Rapid SCADA

Mkati mwachindunji cha nkhaniyi, panalibe cholinga chofotokozera pang'onopang'ono njira yopangira pulojekiti mu Rapid SCADA. Conco, sitidzakamba mwatsatanetsatane mfundo imeneyi. M'malo opangira mapulogalamu, pulojekiti yathu yosavuta "Compressed air supply system" ya kompresa station imawoneka motere (Chithunzi 7):

Chithunzi 7 - Mkonzi wa Scheme mu Rapid SCADA (chithunzi chodina)

Kenako, kwezani polojekiti yathu ku chipangizo. Kuti tichite izi, tikuwonetsa adilesi ya IP ya chipangizocho kuti tisamutsire pulojekitiyo osati kumalo ochezera, koma kumakompyuta athu ophatikizidwa:

Chithunzi 8 - Kukweza pulojekiti ku chipangizocho mu Rapid SCADA (chithunzi chodina)

Zotsatira zake, tinali ndi zofanana (Chithunzi 9). Kumanzere kwa zenera pali ma LED omwe amawonetsa momwe magwiridwe antchito amagwirira ntchito (compressor), komanso momwe ma valve amagwirira ntchito (otseguka kapena otsekedwa), ndipo pakatikati pa chinsalucho pali mawonekedwe. njira yaukadaulo yokhala ndi kuthekera kowongolera zida pogwiritsa ntchito ma switch switch. Vavu inayake ikatsegulidwa, mtundu wa valavu womwewo ndi msewu wofananira umasintha kuchokera ku imvi kupita ku wobiriwira.

Chithunzi 9 - Pulojekiti ya Compressor station (akanema a GIF amadina)

ndi mutha kutsitsa fayilo ya polojekitiyi kuti muwunikenso.

Chithunzi 10 chikuwonetsa momwe zotsatira zonse zimawonekera.

Chithunzi 10 - SCADA dongosolo pa Raspberry

anapezazo

Kuwonekera kwa makompyuta amphamvu ophatikizidwa ndi mafakitale kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kukulitsa ndi kuthandizira magwiridwe antchito a owongolera malingaliro osinthika. Kuyika machitidwe ofanana a SCADA pa iwo akhoza kuphimba ntchito za kupanga pang'ono kapena njira zamakono. Pantchito zazikulu zokhala ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri kapena kuchuluka kwa chitetezo, muyenera kukhazikitsa ma seva athunthu, makabati odzipangira okha ndi ma PLC wamba. Komabe, pazigawo zama automation apakati ndi ang'onoang'ono monga nyumba zazing'ono zamafakitale, nyumba zowotchera, malo opopera kapena nyumba zanzeru, yankho lotere limawoneka loyenera. Malinga ndi kuwerengera kwathu, zida zotere ndizoyenera kugwira ntchito zokhala ndi ma data opitilira 500 / zotulutsa.

Ngati muli ndi luso lojambula muzojambula zosiyanasiyana ndipo simukudandaula kuti mudzafunika kupanga zojambula za mnemonic nokha, ndiye kuti kusankha ndi Rapid SCADA kwa Raspberry ndikwabwino kwambiri. Magwiridwe ake ngati yankho lokonzekera ndi ochepa, chifukwa ndi Open Source, komabe amakulolani kuti mugwire ntchito za nyumba yaying'ono yamafakitale. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukukonzekera ma tempulo owonera nokha, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito yankho ili kuti muphatikize, ngati si zonse, ndiye kuti gawo lina la ntchito zanu.

Chifukwa chake, kuti mumvetsetse momwe yankho lotere pa Rasipiberi lingakuthandizireni komanso momwe mungasinthire mapulojekiti anu ndi Open Source SCADA machitidwe pa Linux, pakubuka funso lomveka: ndi machitidwe a SCADA omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri?

Ogwiritsa ntchito olembetsedwa okha ndi omwe angatenge nawo gawo pa kafukufukuyu. Lowani muakauntichonde.

Ndi machitidwe ati a SCADA omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri?

• 35.2%SIMATIC WinCC (TIA Portal)18

• 7.8%Pitani ku Wonderware4

• 5.8%Tsatani mode3

• 15.6%KodiSys8

• 0%Chiyambi0

• 3.9%PCVue Solutions2

• 3.9%Vijeo Citect2

• 17.6%Master SCADA9

• 3.9%iRidium Mobile2

• 3.9%Simple-Scada2

• 7.8%Mtengo wa SCADA4

• 1.9%AggreGate SCADA1

• 39.2%Njira ina (yankho mu ndemanga)20

Ogwiritsa ntchito 51 adavota. Ogwiritsa 33 adakana.

Source: www.habr.com