Ndidafotokoza lingaliro la kusapeŵeka kwa kusintha kwa maukonde apadziko lonse lapansi kuchokera pa tsamba lokhazikika kupita kumalo ogwiritsira ntchito kumbuyo mu 2012 ( kapena mwachidule ). Chaka chino ndinayesera kukulitsa mutu wa intaneti yatsopano m'malemba . Tsopano ndikutumiza gawo lachiwiri la nkhaniyi (Ndikukulangizani kuti muwerengenso tsambali musanawerenge).
Ndiye chimachitika ndi chiyani? Pali intaneti pa intaneti 3.0, koma mulibe masamba? Ndiye pali chiyani?
Pali deta yokonzedwa mu graph ya semantic yapadziko lonse: chirichonse chikugwirizana ndi chirichonse, chirichonse chimachokera ku chinachake, chirichonse chinawonedwa, chinasinthidwa, chopangidwa ndi winawake wapadera. Mfundo ziwiri zomaliza za "ayenera" ndi "wina" zimatikumbutsa kuti graph siyenera kukhala yolunjika, koma nkhani. Koma iyi idzakhala nkhani yosiyana (onani poyamba). ). Pakalipano, ndi zokwanira kuti timvetsetse kuti chithunzi cha semantic cha intaneti 3.0 sichidziwitso chokhazikika, koma ndi chakanthawi, kujambula maubwenzi a zinthu ndi ochita masewera a ntchito iliyonse mu nthawi yawo.
Komanso, polankhula za kusanjikiza kwa data, ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti graph yapadziko lonse lapansi imagawika m'magawo awiri osafanana: mtengo wachitsanzo womwe umafotokoza kugwirizana kwa zochita, malingaliro ndi katundu wawo (zogwirizana ndi seti ya terminological axioms TBox mu OWL) , ndi graph ya mutu wokhala ndi zochitika zokhazikika za zinthu ndi zochita (zolemba za anthu a ABox mu OWL). Ndipo mgwirizano wosadziwika umakhazikitsidwa pakati pa magawo awiriwa a graph: deta yokhudzana ndi anthu - ndiko kuti, zinthu zenizeni, zochita, ochita masewera - zikhoza kupangidwa ndi kulembedwa mu graph yokha komanso molingana ndi zitsanzo zoyenera. Chabwino, monga tanenera kale, graph yapadziko lonse lapansi - choyamba, gawo lake lachitsanzo ndipo, motero, gawo la phunziro - lagawidwa mwachibadwa m'magawo malinga ndi madera okhudzidwa.
Ndipo tsopano kuchokera ku semantics, kuchokera ku deta, tikhoza kupita ku zokambirana za epithet yachiwiri ya intaneti 3.0 - "decentralized", ndiko kuti, kulongosola kwa intaneti. Ndipo ndizodziwikiratu kuti kapangidwe ka netiweki ndi ma protocol ake ziyenera kutsatiridwa ndi semantics yomweyo. Choyamba, popeza wogwiritsa ntchito ndi jenereta komanso wogula zinthu, mwachibadwa kuti iye, kapena m'malo mwake chipangizo chake, chiyenera kukhala malo ochezera a pa Intaneti. Chifukwa chake, intaneti 3.0 ndi intaneti ya anzawo omwe node zake ndi zida za ogwiritsa ntchito.
Kuti mupulumutse, mwachitsanzo, kufotokoza kwa munthu pa graph ya data, wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kupanga malonda a netiweki potengera chitsanzo chomwe chilipo. Deta imasungidwa pa chipangizo cha wogwiritsa ntchito komanso pamagulu a ogwiritsa ntchito ena omwe amalembetsa ku chitsanzo ichi. Chifukwa chake, kusinthanitsa zochitika molingana ndi mtundu wokhazikika wa zitsanzo zomwe ntchito zawo zimagwiridwa, omwe akuchita nawo ntchitoyi amapanga gulu lodziyimira palokha. Zikuoneka kuti graph yonse ya semantic yapadziko lonse imasungidwa mogawidwa m'magulu a maphunziro ndikugawidwa m'magulu. Node iliyonse, yogwira ntchito ndi zitsanzo zina, ikhoza kukhala gawo lamagulu angapo.
Pofotokoza kuchuluka kwa maukonde, ndikofunikira kunena mawu ochepa okhudza kuvomerezana, ndiko kuti, za mfundo zotsimikizika ndi kulumikizana kwa data pama node osiyanasiyana, popanda zomwe sizingachitike. Mwachiwonekere, mfundozi siziyenera kukhala zofanana ndi magulu onse ndi deta yonse, chifukwa zochitika pa intaneti zingakhale zofunikira mwalamulo ndi ntchito, zinyalala. Chifukwa chake, netiweki imagwiritsa ntchito magawo angapo a ma algorithms ogwirizana; kusankha kofunikira kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wamalonda.
Zimakhalabe kunena mawu ochepa okhudza mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito, za msakatuli wa semantic. Ntchito zake ndi zazing'ono: (1) kuyenda kudzera pa graph (ndi masango am'mutu), (2) kufufuza ndi kuwonetsa deta molingana ndi madomeni, (3) kupanga, kusintha deta ndi kutumiza zochitika zapaintaneti molingana ndi zitsanzo zofananira, (4) kulemba ndi kuchita zitsanzo zamphamvu, ndipo, ndithudi, (5) kusunga zidutswa za ma graph. Kufotokozera mwachidule kwa ntchito za msakatuli wa semantic ndi yankho la funso: malo ali kuti? Malo okhawo omwe wosuta "amayendera" pa intaneti ya 3.0 ndi msakatuli wake wa semantic, womwe ndi chida chowonetsera ndi kupanga chilichonse, deta iliyonse, kuphatikizapo zitsanzo. Wogwiritsa mwiniyo amasankha malire ndi mawonekedwe a dziko lake la intaneti, kuya kwa kulowa mu graph semantic.
Izi ndizomveka, koma mawebusayiti ali kuti? Kodi muyenera kupita kuti, ndi adilesi yanji yomwe muyenera kulemba mumsakatuli wa "semantic" uyu kuti mufike pa Facebook? Kodi mungapeze bwanji tsamba la kampani? Kodi mungagule kuti T-sheti kapena kuwonera kanema kanema? Tiyeni tiyese kuzilingalira ndi zitsanzo zenizeni.
Chifukwa chiyani timafunikira Facebook kapena malo ena ochezera a pa Intaneti? Mwachiwonekere, pakulankhulana: nenani za inu nokha ndikuwerenga ndikuwona zomwe ena amalemba, sinthanani ndemanga. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuti tisalembere aliyense komanso osawerenga chilichonse - kulumikizana nthawi zonse kumangokhala makumi, mazana, kapena ngakhale mabwenzi masauzande angapo. Chofunikira ndi chiyani kuti mukonzekere kulumikizana koteroko mkati mwa kasinthidwe kolongosoledwa kwa netiweki? Ndiko kulondola: pangani gulu la anthu okhala ndi machitidwe okhazikika (pangani positi, tumizani uthenga, ndemanga, monga, ndi zina zotero), khazikitsani ufulu wofikira kumitundu ndikuyitanitsa ogwiritsa ntchito ena kuti alembetse ku setiyi. Pano pali "facebook". Osati Facebook yapadziko lonse lapansi, yomwe imalamulira aliyense ndi chilichonse, koma malo ochezera a pawekha, omwe ali ndi mwayi kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali. Wogwiritsa ntchito amatumiza malonda ku netiweki molingana ndi m'modzi mwa anthu ammudzi, tinene, ndemanga yake, mamembala ammagulu omwe adalembetsa nawo chitsanzochi amalandira mawu a ndemangayo ndikuzilemba pazosungira zawo (zophatikizidwa pachidutswa cha graph) ndi ziwonetseni mu msakatuli wawo wa semantic. Ndiko kuti, tili ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti (cluster) olankhulirana pakati pa gulu la ogwiritsa ntchito, omwe deta yawo imasungidwa pazida za ogwiritsa ntchito okha. Kodi deta iyi ingawonekere kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kunja kwa gulu? Ili ndi funso lokhudza zochunira. Ngati ziloledwa, zomwe anthu ammudzi azitha kuwerenga ndi wothandizira mapulogalamu ndikuwonetseredwa mu msakatuli wa aliyense amene amafufuza pa graph. Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti kuchuluka ndi zovuta zamagulu am'magulu sizochepa mwanjira iliyonse - aliyense atha kusintha anthu ammudzi poganizira zosowa za ntchito iliyonse. Chabwino, n'zachiwonekere kuti ogwiritsa ntchito akhoza kukhala mamembala amagulu angapo, monga otenga nawo mbali, komanso pongolembetsa ku zitsanzo zowerengera zokhazokha.
Tsopano tiyeni tiyankhe funso: tingapeze bwanji tsamba la kampani? Yankho lake ndilaling'ono: malo omwe chidziwitso chokwanira chamakampani onse chili ndi gawo lofananira la graph semantic. Kuyenda pa msakatuli kapena kusaka ndi dzina la kampani kukuthandizani kufika pamalo ano. Ndiye zonse zimadalira wogwiritsa ntchito - ndi zitsanzo ziti zomwe akufunikira kuti awonetse deta: chiwonetsero chachifupi, chidziwitso chonse, mndandanda wa mautumiki, mndandanda wa ntchito kapena fomu ya uthenga. Ndiko kuti, kampani, kuti idziyimire yokha mu graph ya semantic, iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yokhazikika yotumizira zochitika pa intaneti, ndipo nthawi yomweyo deta ya izo idzapezeka kuti ifufuze ndi kuwonetsedwa. Ngati mukufuna kusintha ndi kukulitsa mawonekedwe a kampani yanu pa intaneti, mutha kupanga zitsanzo zanu, kuphatikiza opanga. Palibe zoletsa pano, kupatula chimodzi: zitsanzo zatsopano ziyenera kumangidwa mumtengo umodzi kuti zitsimikizire kulumikizidwa kwa data mu graph ya mutu.
Yankho limakhalanso laling'ono pamalonda a e-commerce. Chida chilichonse (foni yam'manja, T-sheti) chimakhala ndi chizindikiritso chapadera, ndipo zomwe zidapangidwa zimalowetsedwa mu netiweki ndi wopanga. Mwachilengedwe, amachita izi kamodzi kokha, kusaina deta ndi kiyi yake yachinsinsi. Kampani yomwe yakonzeka kugulitsa izi imayika mu semantic graph mawu angapo opangidwa molingana ndi mtundu wokhazikika wamitengo ndi momwe amabweretsera. Kenako, wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense amasankha yekha vuto losakira: kaya akufunafuna zomwe akufuna pakati pa zinthu zomwe wogulitsa yemwe amamudziwa angapereke, kapena kufananiza zinthu zofananira kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana ndikusankha wogulitsa wosavuta. Izi ndizo, kachiwiri, malo omwe kusankha ndi kugula katundu kumachitika ndi msakatuli wa semantic wa wogwiritsa ntchito, osati webusaiti ina ya wopanga kapena wogulitsa. Ngakhale, ndithudi, onse opanga ndi wogulitsa ali ndi mwayi wopanga zitsanzo zawo zowonetsera zomwe wogula angagwiritse ntchito. Ngati afuna, ngati kuyenera kwa iye. Chifukwa chake, amatha kuchita chilichonse pogwiritsa ntchito kusaka kokhazikika ndi mitundu yowonetsera deta.
Ndikoyenera kunena mawu ochepa okhudza kutsatsa komanso malo ake mumaneti wa semantic. Ndipo kuyika kwake kumakhalabe kwachikhalidwe: mwina mwachindunji pazomwe zili (titi, m'mavidiyo), kapena m'mitundu yowonetsera. Pakati pa otsatsa ndi eni ake azinthu kapena zitsanzo ndi mkhalapakati mu mawonekedwe a eni malo achotsedwa.
Chifukwa chake, dongosolo logwirira ntchito la netiweki ya semantic, yoperekedwa kuchokera kwa wogwiritsa ntchito, ndi yolumikizana kwambiri: (1) zonse zili mu graph imodzi yapadziko lonse lapansi, (2) kujambula, kusaka ndi kuwonetsa zomwe zili kumatsatira malingaliro, zomwe zimatsimikizira Kulumikizana kwa semantic kwa data, ( 3) zochita za ogwiritsa ntchito zimayendetsedwa molingana ndi mitundu yosinthika, (4) malo okhawo omwe zochitika zimachitika ndi msakatuli wa semantic wa wogwiritsa ntchito.
Source: www.habr.com