Nkhani yomaliza, yotopetsa kwambiri. Mwina palibe chifukwa chowerengera kuti chikule bwino, koma izi zikachitika, zidzakuthandizani kwambiri.
Zamkatimu zankhani
Gawo lolembetsa
Ndiye TV ya agogo anu yasiya kuwonetsedwa. Munamugulira chatsopano, koma zidapezeka kuti vuto siliri ndi wolandila - zomwe zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa chingwecho. Choyamba, nthawi zambiri kukulunga-mozungulira zolumikizira, zomwe sizifuna crimping, mozizwitsa kudzipotokola okha chingwe, zomwe zimabweretsa imfa kukhudzana ndi kuluka kapena pakati pachimake. Ngakhale cholumikizira changopangidwanso, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe tsitsi lolukidwa lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi kondakitala wapakati. Mwa njira, mainchesi apakati pakatikati nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo kuposa dzenje la socket yolandila - izi ndizofunikira kuti mulumikizane bwino chifukwa chakukula kwa ma petals mu cholumikizira. Komabe, ngati mwadzidzidzi mwasintha cholumikizira ndi chimodzi chomwe chapakati sichimatuluka "monga momwe chilili", koma chimapita mu singano (monga zomwe ndikuwonetsa mu zolumikizira kwa RG-11), kapena inu anasintha mbali ya chingwe ndi watsopano ali ndi pachimake woonda, ndiye inu mukhoza kukumana mfundo yakuti pamakhala wotopa mu zitsulo sangapereke kukhudzana bwino pakati pachimake.
Mukayesa muyeso ndi chipangizocho, zonsezi zitha kuwoneka mosavuta kuchokera ku mawonekedwe a otsetsereka a sipekitiramu ya sipekitiramu, yomwe ndidalemba mu . Mwanjira iyi titha kuyang'anira nthawi yomweyo mulingo wa siginecha (ndiroleni ndikukumbutseni, molingana ndi GOST sayenera kukhala yotsika kuposa 50 dBΒ΅V pa siginecha ya digito ndi 60 ya chizindikiro cha analogi) ndikuwunika kutsika kwapakati komanso pafupipafupi, komwe adzatipatsa malangizo kuti tifufuzenso vutolo.
Ndiroleni ndikukumbutseni: kuchepetsedwa kwa ma frequency otsika nthawi zambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi zovuta pakatikati, ndipo kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ma frequency apamwamba kukuwonetsa kusalumikizana bwino ndi luko, ndipo izi nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi crimping (chabwino, kapena kusauka kwanthawi zonse). chingwe, kuphatikizapo kutalika kwambiri).
Pambuyo poyang'anitsitsa chingwe ndi cholumikizira pa TV, ndi bwino kuti muzitsatira m'nyumba yonse: popeza chingwe cha coaxial sichimangokhala chowongolera magetsi, koma chiwombankhanga, sichimangowonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina, komanso kupindika. ndi kinks. Ndikoyeneranso kupeza zogawa zonse za chizindikiro ndikuwerengera kuchepa kwawo kwathunthu: zitha kuwoneka kuti izi zisanachitike zonse zidagwira ntchito pamalire ndi kuwonongeka kwakung'ono kwa chingwe kudapangitsa kuti zisagwire ntchito. Pankhaniyi, kuti musayendetsenso chingwe chobisika kuseri kwa chepetsa, mutha kusankha mwaluso zowerengera za ogawa kapena kukhazikitsa amplifier yaing'ono pakhomo la nyumbayo.
Ngati palibe chimodzi mwa izi chomwe chikuwoneka ndipo chirichonse chiri mu dongosolo ndi chingwe mpaka pansi-pakali pano gulu pa masitepe, ndiye m'pofunika kuyeza mlingo chizindikiro kulowa m'nyumba. Ngati mulingo ndi mawonekedwe a siginecha pampopi ya olembetsa ogawanika ndizabwinobwino, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuwunika kusiyana pakati pa zomwe zili pa TV ndi gulu lowongolera ndikuganiza za komwe ndi zomwe taphonya. Ngati tiwona kuti kuchepetsedwa kwa TV kunali mtengo wololera, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo tikuwona mavuto ndi chizindikiro pampopi, ndiye tiyenera kusuntha.
Wokwera
Mutawona vuto pamapopi olembetsa, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti wogawanikayo alibe mlandu. Zimachitika kuti imodzi mwa matepi nthawi yomweyo kapena pang'onopang'ono imasokoneza magawo azizindikiro, makamaka pagawo la olembetsa ambiri (oposa 4). Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuyeza mlingo wa chizindikiro pampopi ina (makamaka kutali kwambiri ndi vuto), komanso pa chingwe chachikulu chomwe chikubwera. Apanso, kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe ndi mulingo womwe chizindikirocho chikuyenera kukhala chidzakhala chothandiza. Mtengo wotsikirapo pa mpopi wolembetsa womwe wasonyezedwa pa chogawa pacholembera (mwachitsanzo, matepi 412 - 4 a -12 dB aliwonse) ayenera kuchotsedwa pa zomwe zidayezedwa pamzere waukulu. Momwemo, tiyenera kupeza chiwerengero chomwe chinatengedwa kuchokera pampopi yolembetsa. Ngati zimasiyana ndi ma dB angapo, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti musinthe chogawacho.
Ngati tiwona kuti chizindikirocho chikufika kale pamsewu waukulu wokhala ndi malo otsetsereka kapena otsika, ndiye kuti tiyenera kudzidziwitsa tokha ndi mapangidwe a chokwera, kapena, pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro, kulingalira zinthu ziwiri: ndi chokwera chomangidwa pamwamba kapena m'munsimu ndi kutalikirana ndi nthambi yapafupi yomwe tili. Yoyamba imatha kumveka pomwe chingwe chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa chogawacho chimachokera komanso komwe chomwe chimachokera kumapita. Nthawi zambiri sizimakhala zovuta kutsata zingwe zazikulu mwachindunji pagululo, koma ngati sizikuwoneka, mutha kupita pansi pamwamba (kapena pansipa) ndikuwona mtengo wogawanitsa ulipo. Kuchokera Mwinamwake mukukumbukira kuti chipembedzo chiyenera kuchepa pamene mukupita patsogolo kuyambira pachiyambi. Kumeneko ndinalembanso za kugawaniza chokwera m'magawo (nthawi zambiri timawatcha "pilaster", sindikudziwa ngati izi zimavomerezedwa). Nthawi zambiri, pilasitala imodzi imafikira pansi pa 5-6 ndipo poyambira pali ogawa omwe ali ndi mavoti a 20-24 dB, ndipo kumapeto - 8-10. Mukatsimikiza kuti vutoli liri kunja kwa pansi, muyenera kupeza chiyambi cha pilaster ndikutenga miyeso kuchokera pagawo lalikulu lomwe limayambira. Apa mavuto akadali omwewo: zonse zogawikana zokha ndi chingwe chowonongeka ndi crimping yabwino kwambiri zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira. Zimachitika kuti mutasuntha zolumikizira, chizindikirocho chimabwezeretsedwa (koma nthawi zambiri chimasowa kwathunthu). Pankhaniyi, muyenera kukonzanso chilichonse, ndipo zingakhale zodabwitsa ngati oyika, atapereka izi, asiya chingwe. Kupatula apo, pokonzanso crimping iyenera kufupikitsidwa. Pa chingwe cha RG-11, vuto la crimping molakwika ndilofala kwambiri: izi mwina ndi kulephera kutsatira muyezo wovundukula, pomwe pakatikati pachimasiyidwa motalika kwambiri (zotsatira zake, cholumikizira sichikhala mwamphamvu ndipo chingwe chikhoza kudumpha kuchokera mmenemo), kapena chinthu chomwecho, koma chifukwa cha gawo lalikulu A (onani chithunzi pansipa).
Ndikoyenera kutchula padera kuti ngakhale kuvula koyenera sikungateteze ku zolakwika ngati crimper sakhala pansi pa cholumikizira ndipo chapakati sichikulowa mu "singano" ya cholumikizira. Pa nthawi yomweyi, singano imakhala ndi kuyenda ngati mukugwedeza ndi chala chanu. Mtsempha ukalowa bwino, ndizosatheka kuwusuntha. Izi ziyenera kufufuzidwa pa cholumikizira chilichonse chomwe sichinasinthidwe.
Odzigawa okha m'nyumba zomwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 10 amatha kukumana ndi zomwe zimadziwika pakati pa otolera ngati "mliri wa zinc."
Chithunzi kuchokera patsamba
Divider housings zopangidwa ndi aloyi osadziwika ndipo zili mu nyengo yoipa zimatha kugwa m'manja mwanu pamene mukuyesera kumasula cholumikizira, kapena ngakhale zingwe zikuyenda mu chishango. Ndipo nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika pomwe oyika akugwira ntchito mu gulu lowongolera, kupatsa munthu intaneti, kapena ma intercom ena.
Ngati chogawa chomwe pilaster imayambira sichinasweka pakati, ndipo chizindikiro chake chili choyipa ngati m'nyumba, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kupeza chogawa chomwe nthambi yoyamba imapezeka ndikuyesa chizindikiro chomwe chimabwera kwa ife. kuchokera ku zida zogwira ntchito kuchokera kuchipinda chapansi (kapena chapamwamba - monga chinamangidwa). Mutadutsa chokwera motere ndipo osathetsa vutoli, muyenera kupita kukafunafuna zida zogwira ntchito ndikuyesapo.
Zida zogwira ntchito
Choyamba, ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti pakati pa olandila optical ndi amplifiers palinso makina ogawa, omangidwa molingana ndi mfundo zomwezo monga okwera, choncho ali ndi mavuto omwewo. Chifukwa chake, zonse zomwe zalembedwa pamwambapa ziyenera kufufuzidwanso pano, ndiyeno pokhapokha chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa hardware.
Chifukwa chake, tili m'chipinda chapansi (chapamwamba, chosinthira chachikulu), kutsogolo kwa bokosi lokhala ndi amplifiers
Zimachitikaβ¦
Ngati palibe chizindikiro mu riser konse ndipo pali kukayikira kuti amplifier yafa, ndiye njira yosavuta yodziwira yomwe ili ndi kutentha kwake mpaka kukhudza. Ngakhale mu chisanu choopsa m'zipinda zosatentha, amplifier yogwira ntchito imakhala yotentha kuposa chilengedwe, ndipo amplifier yotenthedwa idzanunkhiza ozizira. Ngati kusiyana kwa kutentha sikukuwonekera mokwanira, ndiye kuti kutsegula kudzawonetsa kuti chizindikiro cha mphamvu mkati mwa amplifier sichiyatsidwa. Amplifier yotereyi imasinthidwa ndi yomwe imadziwika kuti ikugwira ntchito, ndipo kenako imakonzedwanso pogwiritsa ntchito siteshoni yokhazikika, chifukwa pafupifupi zolephera zonse zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi banal kutupa capacitors. Mukasintha ma amplifiers akutali, maukonde onse ayenera kukhala opanda mphamvu kuti apewe mabwalo amfupi. Ngakhale voteji kumeneko si okwera kwambiri (60 V), yapano ndi yofanana ndi yomwe ndidakuwonetsani ikhoza kupereka ndalama zambiri: pamene malo apakati akhudza thupi, chiwonetsero chachikulu chamoto chimatsimikizika. Ndipo ngati ma amplifiers oterowo samakhala bwino nthawi zonse pakuzimitsidwa kwamagetsi m'nyumba, ndiye kuti ndi zotsatira zapaderazi pali mwayi wopanda ziro wolepheretsa zida zina zingapo, zomwe ziyenera kufufuzidwa mnyumbamo.
Koma zimachitikanso kuti amplifier ali ndi moyo, koma nthawi yomweyo amatumiza phokoso lambiri ku netiweki, kapena samagwedezeka mpaka pamlingo wofunikira ndi kapangidwe kake (nthawi zambiri 110 dBΒ΅V). Apa muyenera choyamba kuonetsetsa kuti chizindikiro sichifika kale chowonongeka poyesa chizindikiro chomwe chikubwera. Ena mwamavuto osachiritsika a amplifiers ndi awa:
- Pezani kuchepetsa. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa gawo kapena gawo lonse la amplifier, timakhala ndi mulingo wofananira wa siginecha pazomwe zimatuluka (kapena zochulukirapo, koma sizokwanira kuti zigwire bwino ntchito).
- Phokoso lazizindikiro. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa amplifier kumasokoneza chizindikiro kwambiri kotero kuti chizindikiro cha Carrier / Noise (C / N) choyezedwa pazomwe chimatuluka chiri kunja kwa chizolowezi ndipo chimasokoneza kuzindikira kwa chizindikiro ndi olandira.
- Kubalalika kwa gawo la digito la chizindikiro. Zimachitika kuti amplifier imadutsa chizindikiro cha analogi mogwira mtima, koma nthawi yomweyo sichingathe kupirira chizindikiro cha "digito". Nthawi zambiri, magawo a MER ndi BER akufotokozedwa mu kupyola malire ovomerezeka ndipo kuwundana kumasanduka chisokonezo, koma chinachake chodabwitsa chimachitika pamene, mwachitsanzo, amplifier amaiwala za chimodzi mwazosinthazo ndipo mmalo mwa kuwundana amajambula mphete kapena bwalo pawindo la chipangizo.
Ngati zovuta izi zikuchitika, amplifier iyenera kusinthidwa, koma pali mavuto omwe angathe kuthetsedwa ndi kusintha. Nthawi zambiri, chizindikiro pakutulutsa kwa amplifier chimayandama pansi ndipo ndichokwanira kuchepetsa mtengo wa chothandizira chothandizira. Ndipo nthawi zina, m'malo mwake, amplifier imayamba kupanga phokoso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwazomwe zimalowetsedwa, ndiye timakankhira pansi ndi attenuator. Zosintha zonse ziyenera kupangidwa pa amplifier imodzi yovuta, chifukwa ngati ife, mwachitsanzo, timachepetsa chizindikiro chochokera ku cholandira cha kuwala, ndiye kuti izi zidzakhudza ena, ogwira ntchito, amplifiers ndipo onse adzayenera kusinthidwa pamanja ku magawo osinthidwa. Komanso, chifukwa cha kukulitsa kwambiri, chizindikiro cha digito chikhoza kugwa (ndi phokoso laling'ono pa analogi). Ndinafotokozera makonda amplifier mwatsatanetsatane .
Mutha kuyesa kukonza kupendekera ndi zoikamo. Nthawi zambiri, potumiza maukonde omwe angomangidwa kumene, kutsetsereka kwakukulu koyambira sikofunikira kuti mutsimikizire magawo abwino kumapeto kwa mainchesi. Koma m'kupita kwa nthawi, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chingwe, pangakhale kofunikira kuonjezera otsetsereka, omwe, monga tikukumbukira, amawonjezeka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa maulendo otsika, omwe adzafunika kulipidwa ndi attenuator.
Olandira Optical nthawi zambiri amafanso chifukwa cha magetsi. Ngati ili ndi siginecha yokwanira pakulowetsa (zomwe ndidalembamo ), ndiye nthawi zambiri palibe mavuto ndi zotuluka. Nthawi zina zimachitikanso chimodzimodzi - kuwonjezereka kwa phokoso komanso kusakwanira kotulutsa mulingo, koma chifukwa cha kuuma kwa zoikamo, izi sizingathetsedwe. Zofufuza ndizofanana - timayang'ana ngati kuli kotentha kapena ayi, ndiyeno timayesa chizindikiro kuchokera ku zotsatira.
Payokha, ndinena za zolumikizira zoyeserera: simuyenera kuwakhulupirira nthawi zonse. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ngakhale chirichonse chitakhala bwino, chizindikiro chotsitsidwa ndi 20-30 dB sichingakhale ndi mavuto omwewo "zenizeni" zotuluka. Koma nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti mavuto panjira amachitika pambuyo popopera mayeso, ndiyeno zonse zimawoneka ngati zili bwino - koma kwenikweni ndizowopsa. Chifukwa chake, kuti mutsimikizire kotheratu, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ndendende njira yotulukira yomwe ikuyang'anizana ndi msewu waukulu.
Optical msana
Mutha kunena zambiri zamavuto ndikusaka kwawo mu optics, ndipo ndizabwino kuti izi zachitika kale ndisanakhale: . Ndingonena mwachidule kuti ngati tiwona kutsika kwa siginecha pa wolandila kuwala ndipo sizikugwirizana ndi izi:
Tili ndi ma cormorants ku St. Petersburg - mukudziwa nokha. Ndipo adzapeza ma optics mobisa.
ndiye kuyeretsa kapena kusintha chingwe chomaliza kungathandize. Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti photodetector kapena kuwala amplifier kumadetsa; apa, ndithudi, mankhwala alibe mphamvu. Koma kawirikawiri, popanda zisonkhezero zovulaza zakunja, ma optics ndi odalirika kwambiri komanso mavuto omwe ali nawo, monga lamulo, amatsikira ku thirakitala akudya pa udzu pafupi.
Head station
Kuphatikiza pa zovuta zodziwikiratu zokhala ndi magetsi komanso kulumikizana ndi magwero pamaneti a IP, chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimachitika pamutuwu ndi nyengo. Mphepo yamphamvu imatha kung'amba kapena kupota tinyanga mosavuta, ndipo chipale chofewa chomamatira ku mbale ya satana chimaipitsa kwambiri kulandirira. Zimakhala zovuta kuthana ndi izi, chifukwa tinyanga tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono, komwe nyengo imakhala yovuta komanso ngakhale kutentha kwa mbale sikuthandiza nthawi zonse, kotero nthawi zina mumayenera kuyeretsa pamanja.
PS Izi zikumaliza ulendo wanga wamfupi kudziko la kanema wawayilesi. Ndikukhulupirira kuti zolembazi zakuthandizani kukulitsa malingaliro anu ndikupeza china chatsopano muzodziwika bwino. Kwa iwo omwe akuyenera kugwira ntchito ndi izi, ndikupangira kuzama buku la "Cable Television Networks", wolemba S.V. Volkov, ISBN 5-93517-190-2. Imalongosola zonse zomwe mukufuna m'chinenero chofikirika kwambiri.
Source: www.habr.com