Chithunzi cha Peterkin S.V. [imelo ndiotetezedwa]
Mau oyamba
Ntchito yokonzekera kupanga ndi kuyang'anira ndi imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri komanso zosamvetsetseka zamabizinesi apakhomo pano. Zitsanzo zopambana za IT mu mawonekedwe a machitidwe a ERP, okhala ndi MRP-II akale kapena angwiro, koma "amantha" APS ma aligorivimu, amalankhula "motsutsa" kuposa "kwa" iwo; "Kupanga zowonda" - kukhazikitsidwa m'dziko lathu kutsogolo kwakukulu, ndipo makamaka pamlingo wa 5C, zowonera, kaizens, ndi zina zotero, sizimaperekanso mabizinesi chida chilichonse chokonzekera ndi kuyang'anira kupanga.
Pansipa pali ndondomeko ya ndondomeko yopangira ndi kasamalidwe kameneka, yotchuka kwambiri mu nthawi za Soviet - Rodov System, ndi chitsitsimutso chake kuti athetse mavuto opangira nthawi ino.
Novocherkassk Continuous Production Planning System, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Rodov System, idapangidwa m'ma 60s azaka zapitazi. Ndipo, patangopita nthawi yochepa, idavomerezedwa mwaufulu ndi utsogoleri wovuta kwambiri komanso wosamala kwambiri - owongolera ndi oyang'anira kupanga, okonza mapulani, otumiza, oyang'anira masitolo (poyerekeza, atenge "kuvomereza" kofala kwa machitidwe a ERP ku nthawi ino ...).
Izi zidachitika chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake komanso kuchita bwino pakuthana ndi zovuta zoyambira kupanga: "panthawi yake" kupanga, "kuchuluka kwake"; rhythmically; ndi ndalama zochepa; kuwonetsetsa kuti zichitike poyera kwambiri. Kutchuka ndi kufalikira kwa dongosololi kunali kwakukulu kwambiri moti ngakhale tsopano, "shards" za dongosolo, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa njira zina zabwino, zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito poyang'anira kupanga m'mafakitale ambiri. Koma, ndikuzindikira, osati "shards" zabwino kwambiri komanso zopanda zotsatira zambiri.
Komabe, Rodov System, osachepera zinthu zake zazikulu, akhoza ndipo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu zinthu zamakono. Zakambidwa bwanji pansipa. Ndi kufotokozera kwa Rodov System palokha, zigawo zake, ubwino ndi malire, ndi chitsitsimutso chake pogwiritsa ntchito IT ndi zamakono zamakono zamakono, kuphatikizapo. Lean, T.O.C.
Rodov system
1. Mankhwala zikuchokera. Zolemba za "generalized" kapena mankhwala okhazikika, chomwe ndi kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zonse zopangidwa ndi chomeracho. Mu chitsanzo cha chomera cha Novocherkassk, kumene dongosololi linalengedwa, galimoto yamagetsi inatengedwa ngati "generalized" mankhwala, zonse zomwe zingatheke zinawonjezeredwa kuzinthu zomwezo za mankhwala, pokonzekera kusinthidwa kwake, zida zotsalira, mayunitsi ndi mankhwala opangidwa malinga ndi mapulani awo anawonjezedwa kwa mgwirizano pa zomera zina, ndi TNP. Pamilandu yovuta kwambiri, zida zatsiku ndi tsiku zidatengedwa pazinthu zokhazikika.
ndemanga. Chogulitsa chokhazikika sichinthu choposa chinthu chokonzekera kapena chinthu chamtsogolo cha machitidwe amakono a ERP.
2. Dongosolo lomasulidwa mankhwala okhazikika - kupanga ndondomeko. Idakhazikitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali (panthawi yomwe dongosololi linalengedwa - kwa chaka chimodzi, koma ndi kuthekera kosintha kotala), ndikusindikizidwa mu mawonekedwe a makina ovomerezeka, ndi manambala awo a serial kuyambira koyambirira kwa chaka kapena kuyambira pachiyambi cha kupanga, ndi masiku omangidwa ku chinthu chilichonse - onani. pansipa.
3. Kupanga. Dongosolo lozungulira la chinthu chokhazikika idasinthidwa kukhala tsiku loyambira kusonkhanitsa:
a. Chiwerengero cha magawo pa msonkhano uliwonse chinali chosiyana (kutengera nthawi yotsogolera) ndipo chinali "Kumbuyo" mwatsatanetsatane.
b. Atachotsa zotsalira pa ntchito yonse yomwe ikuchitika pafakitale, msonkhanowo unalandira, pagawo lililonse, nambala yazinthu zokhazikika, yotsekedwa (yamalizidwa).
c. Cholinga cha msonkhanowu ndikugwira ntchito ndi rhythm yoperekedwa, i.e. kutulutsidwa kwa gawo la chinthu chokhazikika chokhala ndi nambala yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa lero.
Chifukwa chake, potengera kupanga yunifolomu komanso kosalekeza kwa zinthu zina wamba chaka chonse, msonkhano uliwonse udalandira ngati dongosolo lopanga mapulani opangira zinthu zomalizidwa, zomwe zimafotokozedwa muzinthu zanthawi zonse. M'mafakitale omwe akuyesera kuchita Rodov System, anali ndipo amatchedwa mosiyana: "akaunti yachinsinsi", "mndandanda", "zida zamakina", etc.
ndemanga
Tiyeni tiwone "zotsalira" mwatsatanetsatane pang'ono, chifukwa Mwina palibenso lingaliro losavomerezeka mu chiphunzitso ndi machitidwe aku Russia - mbali yakutsogolo ya kutchuka kwa dongosolo la Rodov. "Backlog", mu lingaliro la Rodov, ndilo mlingo wa ntchito yomwe ikuchitika, kapena, makamaka, yofotokozedwa mochulukira, nthawi yotsogolera yomwe msonkhano uliwonse uyenera kuyambitsa magawo kuti amalize msonkhano. Koma tanthauzo “lopatulika” limeneli latayika. "Zotsalira" za ogwira ntchito zopanga ndi gawo lina lazinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa ogula, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti zitheke kuti zigwire ntchito mosalekeza, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatengedwa kuchokera ku mpweya wochepa thupi, kapena, zoipitsitsa, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Rodov poganizira kupanga kosalekeza komanso kosasunthika. dongosolo. Inde, ndiko kulondola, chifukwa kupanga mosalekeza komanso momveka bwino! Kulephera kukwaniritsa dongosolo / dongosolo / malamulo pa nthawi, kutanthauza kuti msonkhano wa ogula uli ndi chochita, i.e. musayime opanda ntchito. "Kukankhira" poyipa kwambiri! Koma "zotsalira," monga momwe Rodov ankatanthauza, sichinthu choposa chiwerengero cha makadi a kanban omwe amafalitsidwa, i.e. kukoka! Zambiri pansipa.
4. Yambitsani. Pamsonkhano uliwonse (ndi zina - zigawo) za magawo ake osiyanasiyana, "Mlozera wa makadi a proportionality".
"Mlozera wa makadi a proportionality" inali kabati yokhala ndi mashelefu atatu (shelefu iliyonse ndi mwezi) yokhala ndi ma cell, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa masiku pamwezi. Pamwamba pa “mwezi” uliwonse pali masiku a kalendala a mweziwo okhala ndi mapulani omangika kwa iwo m’zinthu zokhazikika. Selo lililonse lili ndi makhadi a magawo omwe amapangidwa ndi msonkhano. Gawo lililonse la khadi limayikidwa mu selo lolingana ndi kuchuluka kwa makina omwe ali ndi gawoli. Popanga gulu latsopano la magawo, chizindikiro chimapangidwa pa khadi ndipo chimasunthidwa kumanja, mu selo, ndi chiwerengero cha makina omwe gulu latsopano la gawoli limapereka seti yonse.
"Proportionality card index" mu dongosolo la Rodov ndiye chinthu chachikulu, chosavuta komanso chowoneka bwino cha kulumikizana pakati pa masitolo, kasamalidwe ka masitolo ndi kuwonekera. Zogwirizana ndi kanban control board (zindikirani kuti Toyota idangobadwa kumene):
- tsiku lililonse cholembera "lero" chimasunthira kumanja;
- khadi (kanban) pafupi ndi "lero" - nthawi yoyambitsa (kanban yasamutsidwa ku kupanga), khadi kumanzere kwa "lero" - kukhazikitsidwa kumasokedwa.
ndemanga. Malingaliro a proportional card index ndi ofanana ndi malingaliro a kanban control board:
1) gawo khadi - pali kanban kufalitsidwa, ndi kusiyana kuti iwo sanasamutsire kupanga, mfundo okha anasamutsidwa kuti kunali koyenera kuyamba kupanga;
2) chiwerengero cha kanban mu kufalitsidwa - pali "zotsalira" mu dongosolo Rodov. Kapena - mlingo wa ntchito ikuchitika (osati muyezo ndi osakhala muyezo!) Koma malinga ndi zofuna zakunja (panthawi imeneyo kufunikira kunali kofanana ndi ndondomeko ya pachaka) komanso pa nthawi yotsogolera kupanga gawo linalake.
5. Bungwe la kupanga. Zambiri za makadi (zatsatanetsatane) pafupi ndi "lero" zidasamutsidwa kwa ambuye a zigawo zofananira. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa magawo mwachindunji pamasamba ndi kugawa ntchito pakati pa ogwira ntchito kunachitika mofanana ndi mfundo yapitayi.
a. Maloko adayikidwa pagawo lililonse, chilichonse chili ndi malo khumi (ochita 10). Malo aliwonse ogwira ntchito (wogwira ntchito aliyense) mu locker amafanana ndi shelufu yokhala ndi maselo angapo ofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa masiku ogwira ntchito pamwezi. Pamwamba pa selo lililonse panali pulani yopangira, yofotokozedwa muzinthu zokhazikika komanso yomangirizidwa ku madeti (kumaselo). Selo lililonse linali ndi makhadi atsatanetsatane okhudzana ndi malo antchito. Mfundo yosuntha makhadi ogwiritsira ntchito magawo ndi ofanana ndi mfundo yoyika makhadi mu shopu proportionality card index.
b. Wogwira ntchito aliyense ankapita ku shelefu yake madzulo aliwonse, (yekha!) anadzipangira yekha ntchito ya tsiku lotsatira kuchokera pa makadi pafupifupi “lero” ndi kuipereka kwa kapitawo. Ntchito ya kapitawo inali kukonzekeretsa ntchito ndi zonse zofunika kupanga ntchito: zipangizo, zida, zipangizo, zojambula.
ndemanga
1. Bolodi yofananira ya Kanban pamlingo wa tsamba, kuphatikiza "koka" mwachindunji ndi antchito.
2. Ndikoyenera kusamala kuti chiwembu choterocho chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pambuyo polinganiza mphamvu ndikugawa mokhazikika magawo-ntchito (njira) kumalo ogwirira ntchito. Kufanana kwina ndi TPS ...
6. Kuwerengera ndalama. Dongosolo lowerengera ndalama linali kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso zakukwaniritsidwa kwa magawo, kusuntha magawo kuchokera ku msonkhano kupita ku msonkhano ndikulowetsa, pamanja, chidziwitsochi m'makhadi owerengera magawo ndi magawo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chidziwitso chachikulu chomwe chinasungidwa m'makhadi sichinali chokhudza zolemba, koma zambiri za nambala yachinsinsi ya chinthu chotsatira chotsekedwa chotsatira. Kawirikawiri, njira zowerengera ndalama zinali "zachilendo", kuchokera pakuwona kukhazikitsidwa mu machitidwe amakono a IT accounting. Koma machitidwe “wamba” ameneŵa anapangidwa mu 1961!
7. Kuwunika kwanthawi zonse ntchito yamisonkhano yayikulu yopangira inachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe osavuta komanso omveka bwino, "Zithunzi zofananira" Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuwonetsa momwe masitolo akuluakulu opanga zinthu ndi madipatimenti "othandizira" amagwirira ntchito mogwirizana ndi kamvekedwe ka malo ogulitsira. Msonkhano uliwonse uyenera kuyesetsa kupanga "Just-in-Time", i.e. Mzere wotuwa wa msonkhano uliwonse, kapena zinthu wamba zomwe zatsekedwa ndi izo, ziyenera kukhala pa "lero". Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwala osatsekedwa kwambiri ndi mankhwala omwe ali ochepa-ogwira ntchito ndi msonkhano kwa gawo limodzi. Kutsala pang'ono kwa gawo lililonse kuyambira "lero" akuyerekezeredwa m'malo otsalira tsiku lililonse - Mkuyu. pansipa.
Kuchokera ku "Plan-Flow-Rhythm", A. Rodov, D. Krutyansky. Rostov Book Publishing House, 1964.
Ma graph ofanana adapangidwa pamalo aliwonse.
8. Chinthu chofunikira chomaliza cha Dongosolo ndikusintha malipiro ndi zolimbikitsa kupanga synchronous ndi ndandanda msonkhano. Zosinthazo ndi zophweka, koma ndizofunikira: malipiro onse a msonkhanowo amachepetsedwa malinga ndi masiku omwe atsalira. Mwachitsanzo: 1 tsiku lag - kuchepetsa 1%. Kenaka, malipiro a madera omwe ali m'mbuyo amachepetsedwa, ndiyeno malipiro a kontrakitala wina amachepetsedwa. Ubwino waukulu wa kusinthaku unali kuphweka kwake komanso mawonekedwe ake - mainjiniya ndi madipatimenti ogwira ntchito pamisonkhanoyi amatha kuwona tsiku lililonse kuti angataye bwanji pamalipiro.
Kutsika kwa Rodov System
Dongosolo la Rodov, kapena Novocherkassk System of Continuous Operational Planning, lidafalikira mwachangu ku Soviet Union - malinga ndi zina, mabizinesi osachepera 1500 adagwiritsa ntchito.Poyerekeza, tengani mafakitale athu omwe tsopano akugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zoyendetsera MRP-II kapena TPS pokonzekera ndikuwongolera kupanga!) Ndipo izi sizodabwitsa, chifukwa Dongosolo la Rodov linapangidwa poganizira za kasamalidwe ka mafakitale athu ndi mawonekedwe a zofuna zakunja. Pa nthawi yomweyi, pa nthawi yomwe TPS inali itangoyamba kumene, ndipo kunali kovuta kulingalira za machitidwe a ERP, Rodov anafika pawokha mfundo zabwino kwambiri zokonzekera zotsamira ndikumanga (popanda kompyuta!) Malingaliro "olondola" owerengera ndalama. ERP yamakono. Inde, Rodov sanachite mwadala kumenyana ndi zopanda pake, koma palinso kwina komwe kuli "zosungira" zopanda pake monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi ndi nthawi yokonzekera ndi kupanga? “Madipoziti”¸ sanataye kufunika kwake ngakhale pano.
Koma Rodov System, monga zonse ndi ntchito kasamalidwe kasamalidwe, sanakhalepo mpaka lero. Dongosololi "linakulitsidwa" ndipo linagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri m'mikhalidwe imeneyo: kwa mafakitale okhazikika, ndi njira zowongoka komanso zosafulumira kwambiri zopangira ndi kuyambitsa zinthu zatsopano pamsika; ndi kufunika kwakunja, kokhazikika komanso kofunikira. Pankhani ya vuto la post-perestroika la mafakitale ndi kutayika ubongo Oyang'anira ndi mainjiniya, Rodov System anayamba kugwira ntchito mosiyana: motsutsana ndi kupanga. Ndipo, ngakhale kuti nkhokwe zambiri zinamangidwa mu dongosolo, panalibe "Rodov watsopano" kuti agwirizane ndi zinthu zatsopano panthawiyo. Koma zinthu zasinthadi.
- Kufuna kwa msika kudawonekera, ndipo ndi kusatheka kulosera dongosolo lokhazikika komanso lokhazikika.
- Makasitomala anawonekera, ndi zofunikira zake zenizeni, ndipo pamodzi ndi iye - kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu zomwe zatsirizidwa ndi kusinthidwa kwawo, kufunikira kosinthira kuzinthu zazing'ono kapena kupanga chidutswa ndikupanga zinthu zosinthidwa kuti zithe.
- Opikisana nawo awoneka, kuphatikiza. Kumadzulo ndi Kum'mawa, ndi iwo - kufunikira kwa kusintha kofulumira kwa mibadwo yazinthu, chitukuko chofulumira ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa zinthu zatsopano pamsika.
- Chifukwa cha kusatsimikizika uku, pali "funde" la zosintha ndi kusintha kwa mapangidwe
- Zotsatira zake, n'kosatheka kudziwa chinthu chokhazikika chanthawi yayitali, kupanga ndikulumikiza dongosolo lazopanga zinthu wamba ndi masiku enieni.
M'mikhalidwe yosinthika, ntchito molingana ndi dongosolo la Rodov zidapangitsa kuti 90% ya zosungidwa zomwe zidagulidwa / zopangidwa zidatha m'malo osungiramo zinthu za MTS / m'mabwalo, zomwe zimathandizira, kwa ambiri - chopereka chowopsa kuzinthu za "katundu" mapepala oyendetsera ndalama, ndi kulephera kwanthawi yomaliza ya dongosolo .
ndemanga. "Zotsalira" za Rodovskaya System zakhazikika kwambiri m'mitu ya antchito athu opanga moti ngakhale panopa mafakitale ambiri akuyesera kukhazikika, kupanga, kufufuza "zotsalira" pakupanga, kugwira ntchito "ku maziko", "kutseka mndandanda" , masitampu osakhala aumunthu ku ma workshop a PDO/PROSK ankhokwe Ndipo "sayansi" yapakhomo yoyang'anira kupanga ikupitilizabe kutulutsa mabuku (ndipo, mwachiwonekere, chidziwitso) ndi mutu wapagulu "Kusamalira (zamakono) kupanga," komwe nkhokwe ndi njira zowerengera zimapatsidwa gawo lalikulu.
Apanso: "zotsalira" za Rodov System sizotsalira, si ntchito yomwe ikupita patsogolo, osachepera. Imeneyi ndi nthaŵi yoyenerera yotsogolera ya gawo linalake, loŵerengeredwa kuthamangira patsogolo kuti lipereke “m’nthaŵi yake” ya msonkhano!
Inali panthawiyi, atataya zomwe anali nazo komanso osapanga chilichonse chatsopano, Production Planning Systems adamwalira ndipo sanawonekerebe m'mafakitale athu ambiri, makamaka achikhalidwe, a pambuyo pa Soviet. M'malo mwake: wina akuyesera kudzifinyira mu bedi la Procrustean la MRP-II pogwiritsa ntchito machitidwe a ERP, wina akuyang'ana ndi kaduka ku Kanban ndi njira yoyendetsera nthawi yokha, pozindikira kuti izi sizingatheke, wina samakhala wopambana nthawi zonse, amayesa kuyendetsa pogwiritsa ntchito machitidwe awo, wina - awa ndi ambiri mpaka pano - wapereka utsogoleri ku dipatimenti yogulitsa malonda ndi ogwira ntchito - kwa otsiriza - kupyolera mu malipiro ochepa.
Rodov system. Kubadwa kwachiwiri.
Koma mkhalidwe, kuphatikizapo. msika, kusintha. Tsopano mabizinesi opambana, kuphatikiza. mabizinesi aboma amafuna zinthu zawo mokhazikika ndipo sangakhale ndi moyo mawa lokha. Kufalikira kwa malingaliro a Lean ndi kulimbana kwakuchita bwino kumapangitsa kuti mabizinesi ayambe kuyang'ana kwambiri kupanga zinthu zomwe ali ndi luso lopanga. Ndipo ngakhale kuchuluka kwa zosintha sikucheperachepera, izi sizilinso "zitsulo ndi ma helikoputala".
Ndipo ngati Rodov System ndi yanzeru kwambiri, ndipo ndingayerekeze kunena kuti ndi, bwanji osasintha ndikuigwiritsa ntchito kuyang'anira mitundu ina yopanga? Komanso, Rodov anaphatikizamo nkhokwe zambiri zachitukuko, kuphatikiza. kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito pakusakhazikika kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe chamkati ndi chakunja.
Kukula kwa dongosolo la Rodov, ndi kukulitsa luso lake ndi matekinoloje a IT ndi zida za Lean / TOC, zili pansipa.
1. Conditional mankhwala. Kuchokera kuzinthu zokhazikika, mwachikhalidwe, muyenera kutulutsa. M'malo mwake, pali chopangidwa chopangidwa kuti chikhale (chopangidwa-kuyitanitsa), chokhala ndi mawonekedwe ake enieni. Kaya, kapena nthawi yomweyo (izi zimatengera kasinthidwe kakufunidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi bizinesi), zitha kufotokozedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chokhazikika komanso tsiku lililonse (tsiku ndi tsiku) kapena zida zamakono. Iwo. chinthu (gulu lazinthu) chopangidwa tsiku ndi tsiku kapena molingana ndi kayendedwe kotchulidwira bizinesi yomwe wapatsidwa.
2. Monga kupanga ndondomeko Padzakhala ndandanda yotumizira maoda - kuyitanitsa (chinthu kuyitanitsa) kuphatikiza tsiku lokonzekera. Kapena zida zatsiku ndi tsiku (takto) zomangidwa ndi tsiku lokonzekera.
3. Zosintha zotsatirazi – “maziko" Timakana kubweza mmbuyo, komanso kusinthiratu ndandanda yotulutsa mpaka tsiku loyambira msonkhano. Timawalowetsa m'malo ndi zosinthika (i.e. zosatha) kukonzekera, ntchito yaikulu yomwe ndi kuwerengera nthawi yotsogolera (pokonzekera kuganizira zoletsa), ndondomeko yotulutsa, kuyambitsa. Panalibe ndondomeko mu Rodov System, chifukwa kunja ndi mkati zinthu zinasintha pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chake, mutayika mtsinjewo, ntchito yayikulu inali kuchirikiza ndikuwunika. Mkhalidwe wamakono ndi wosiyana. Zinthu, mkati ndi kunja, zikusintha, ndipo mwachangu kwambiri. Ndipo (re) kukonzekera kuyenera kuchitika tsiku lililonse. Zomwe mapulogalamu ndi ma hardware amachita bwino kwambiri.
Lingaliro lakukonzekera kumatengera zosowa zamabizinesi abizinesi iliyonse, koma zinthu zonse ndizotsatirazi.
a. Chilichonse cha dongosolo lopanga - dongosolo (lopangidwa kuti liyitanitse) limakonzedwa mosiyana, kuchokera pazomalizidwa, "pansi" ndi "kumanzere", malinga ndi dongosolo la msonkhano wa cyclic. Ndi kusunga kugwirizana kwa gawo lililonse, msonkhano kapena workpiece, ndi dongosolo mutu (onani chithunzi pansipa). Pachifukwa ichi, msonkhano uliwonse udzatha kuona dongosolo lomwe liyenera kupangira zigawo, ndipo, mosiyana, dongosolo lirilonse "limawona" momwe zigawo zake zimapangidwira. Ichi ndi "chilangizo" (malinga ndi malamulo a makasitomala) ndondomeko yopangira.
Ndemanga pa capacity accounting. Kutengera mawonekedwe abizinesi, kuthekera sikungaganizidwe pokonzekera (panthawiyi, nthawi ya takt imawerengeredwa pamagulu azogulitsa ndipo mphamvu imakhala yolingana ndi takt, kuphatikiza zida zotsamira), kapena kukonzekera kumachitika poganizira zomwe zilipo. , kugwiritsa ntchito, incl. kukhathamiritsa ma aligorivimu.
b. Pankhani ya kumasulidwa kwa mtundu womwewo wa mankhwala ndi ndondomeko yopangira quasi-stable, ndizotheka kuyang'anira "backlogs" ndi bungwe la ndondomeko yoyambira kukoka pogwiritsa ntchito kanbans zamagetsi. Uku ndikukhazikitsa dongosolo lokonzekera "chikoka", lokonzedwa ndi "drum-buffer-rope" ndi TOC color signing algorithms. Onani mkuyu. pansipa.
4. Mlozera wa makadi a proportionality. Pambuyo pokonzekera zokha (kapena mutatha kupanga "kanban" kuti mukhazikitsenso nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zapakati), malo ogwirira ntchito / malo / malo ogwira ntchito amalandira ndondomeko yopangira komanso ndondomeko yotsegulira magawo enaake - "proportionality card" mu fomu yamagetsi (Yambitsani - Onani pansipa). Kuchepetsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa kuchuluka kofunikira (makamaka kofunikira pankhani ya malipiro ang'onoang'ono), dongosolo lotsegulira ndi "lotseguka" kuti liwonedwe ndi msonkhano uliwonse / dera kwanthawi yoikika - "zenera lotsegulira" -lomwe limatanthauzidwa pa chilichonse. msonkhano/malo. Mukangopanga ma siginecha okoka, dongosolo lokhazikitsa limangokhala ndi kanban wopangidwa kuti abwezeretsenso nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zapakatikati. Mu "electronic file cabinet" iyi, ntchito ya "khadi lazinthu" imaseweredwa ndi khadi la "kanban" lamagetsi, losindikizidwa (ndi bar code) ndipo ndilo chizindikiro choyamba komanso chikalata chotsatira ndi analogue (kapena yodzaza. makalata) a mapu anjira.
5. Bungwe la kupanga. Pazochitika zabwino kwambiri, zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa mofanana ndi Rodov System: pa malo aliwonse ogwira ntchito / mkaka wa wogwira ntchito aliyense, ndondomeko yoyambira imapangidwa ndikusindikizidwa pakompyuta. Dongosolo lokhazikitsa ndi lofanana ndi lomwe laperekedwa pamwambapa, koma ndi chiwonetsero cha magawo (kapena - zolowa patsamba, i.e. - magulu a ntchito), ndi chizindikiro cha mtundu wa kukonzekera kupanga (kukhalapo kwaukadaulo / pulogalamu ya CNC, zida, zida, zida / zogwirira ntchito kapena zomalizidwa ndi gawo lapitalo). Chotsatira, mwina woyang'anira malo kapena wotsogolera amasindikiza mwachindunji kanban (kapena, analogue ya Soviet ya kanban - mapu a njira) kuchokera kuzomwe zilipo malinga ndi zenera lotsegulira ndi kupezeka, ndikuyamba kupanga. Mu mtundu uwu, "Launch by workplace" imasindikizidwa pachiwonetsero chokhazikika cha malo ochitira msonkhano/malo, kapena, pogwiritsa ntchito zowonera, pofananiza ndi malo olipira a mafoni ndi ntchito m'masitolo akuluakulu. Pamapeto pake, wogwira ntchitoyo amapeza deta yake pogwiritsa ntchito maginito ake.
6. Kuwerengera ndalama kutulutsa, kuwerengera magwiridwe antchito (ngati kuli kofunikira); kusuntha kwina kwa magawo m'magawo/mashopu kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito barcoding, scanning kanban kapena makhadi odutsa kudutsa gawolo. Kaya/ndipo - kudzera muzolowetsamo zambiri ndi mbuye/woyang'anira/wolamulira wa BTK kudzera pa “malo olipira”. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zogwirira ntchito zowerengera ndalama ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito ndi kudalirika kwa chidziwitso pakukhazikitsa dongosolo lonselo - panthawi yolowera zidziwitso, "kuphimba" kwa maoda / zida zozungulira kumawerengedwa kokha ndikuwonera zidziwitso "Launch" (onani pamwambapa) ndi "Synchronicity" " (onani pansipa). Komanso, pankhaniyi, wosewera aliyense amawona zomwe zidachitika panthawi yosinthira, ndipo, chifukwa chake, ndalama zomwe amapeza masana (panthawi yolipira bonasi yochitika kapena yokhazikika).
7. Kuwunikira.
a. Tsiku lililonse, kutengera kuti ntchito zopanga zidamalizidwa, mtundu "wowerengeka" wa dongosolo lopanga umapangidwa, molingana ndi mfundo: mfundo + yotsalira voliyumu (nthawi) ya ntchito.
b. “Proportionality chart”, ndi “Synchronicity”, chida chachikulu chowonera kayendesedwe ka ntchito zamisonkhano, imapangidwa poyerekezera “ndondomeko” ndi “mawerengedwe” a “proportionality chart” (m'munsimu).
c. Ndipo, ngati chida chobisika kwambiri chowunikira zinthu zonse, kuphatikiza. ndi wina ndi mzake, ogulitsa mkati mwa njira zopangira zopangira - "Supplier status".
Pomaliza
Dongosololi, lotchedwa Planning and Monitoring System, linapangidwa ndi gulu lathu kwa zaka zingapo ndipo lidapeza fomu ndi njira zonse pofika 2009. Chaka chotsatira, pofufuza mosalekeza njira zothetsera mavuto okonzekera kupanga, tinapezanso Rodov System. Kenako tidakulitsa lingalirolo ndi mfundo zoyambira ndikuwunika: "Launch" ("Proportionality Card"), shopu ndi chigawo, "Synchronicity" ("Proportionality Chart"). Panthawiyi, malingaliro omwe afotokozedwawo adakwaniritsidwa bwino pamafakitale akale komanso atsopano: NAZ im. V.P. Chkalov ndi KnAAZ otchedwa Yu.A. Gagarin ("Sukhoi"), KVZ ("Russian Helicopters"), "GSS" (potengera kukonzekera ndi kuyang'anira kagayidwe kazinthu ndi maulendo angapo), ndi ena. Woyamba amene mwachangu ntchito Rodov System.
Zochita zasonyeza kuti malingaliro omwe ali pamwambawa akukonzekera ndi kuyang'anira, ndi zinthu za Rodov System, zomwe zamveka zatsopano komanso zochokera ku njira zatsopano zoyendetsera ntchito, zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa mwamsanga ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ku mafakitale ovuta kwambiri. Kwa osavuta, yankho lidzakhala losavuta, mofulumira ndipo, moyenera, "molunjika kunja kwa bokosi" (tsopano tikupita ku cholinga ichi). Komanso, zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi mabizinezi okha - monga choyambirira Rodov dongosolo. Koma ananyema pano, mwamwambo, ndi kukhalapo kwa Makasitomala pa bizinesi ndi mphamvu ndi kumvetsa, kukhalapo kwa ubongo ndi zolinga zabwino pa mlingo wapakati kasamalidwe, ndipo, posachedwapa, mlingo wonse wa chikhalidwe kupanga. Mikhalidwe iwiri yoyamba ndi yofunikira komanso yokwanira kuti apambane, chomaliza chimatsimikizira nthawi yosinthira ku dongosolo latsopano.
Mwatsoka, mlingo woyamba, wachiwiri ndi wachitatu pakali pano ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa mlingo anafotokoza (pakati pa mizere) Rodov ndi Krutyansky mu 1961. Ambiri a iwo ali ndi zida zatsopano, ndithudi, koma pali kusowa kwakukulu kwa ubongo ndi otsogolera oyenerera. Monga momwe pali kusowa kwa chikhalidwe chochepa chopanga, kuyambira pakusunga zolemba zazinthu ndi kuwerengera ndalama zoyambira m'malo osungiramo zinthu / popanga kupita ku njira zochitira misonkhano ndi kasamalidwe kazinthu zonse. Tiyeni tiyembekeze ndikugwira ntchito motere kuti izi zisintha kukhala zabwino. Kuphatikizapo kutsitsimuka kwa njira zomwe tafotokozazi.
Source: www.habr.com